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Impact of Indo-Pacific Climate Variability

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A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Air, Climate Change and Sustainability".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 16206

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Netrananda Sahu

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Guest Editor

Department of Geography, Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
Interests: Indo-Pacific variability; climate variability and societal impacts; climate change and river hydrology; agriculture; hydroclimate; disaster risk reduction; trend analysis
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Indo-Pacific climate variability has a significant impact on various environmental processes of Earth systems. Sea surface temperature variability within the Indian and Pacific oceans along with global warming induced temperature and precipitation changes are an inevitable reality, and capturing empirical signals from various Earth system processes is a key challenge for the scientific community. Many research and academic institutes have already begun working on projections and predictions for Indo-Pacific climate variability from a seasonal to decadal scale. However, there is still scope for the scientific community to report on scientific evidence on the societal impacts of this coupled interaction process. Land–ocean–atmosphere phenomenon interactions have tremendous societal impacts on agriculture practices, water resources, hydroclimate, hydrometeorological disasters, and extreme events, as well as health hazards such as the propagation of vector-borne diseases, e.g., dengue, malaria, and insect bites, along with forest fires and biodiversity. The purpose of this Special Issue is to use state-of-the-art techniques to investigate the Indo-Pacific basin-wide impact and publish scientific research on various issues of importance for a sustainable society. In this Special Issue, all relevant scientific interactions involving the Indo-Pacific climate variability and its societal impacts will be given priority.

For this Special Issue, we cordially invite papers on observational and model-based studies on the impact of Indo-Pacific climate variability. Subject areas may include but are not limited to:

Indo-Pacific climate variability;
Impact of Indo-Pacific basin warming on agriculture, hydrology, hydroclimate, hydrometeorological disasters, forest ecology, mountain biodiversity, costal ecosystems, health hazards, etc.;
Past and future environmental impacts;
Climate-variability-induced extreme events.

Dr. Netrananda Sahu
Guest Editor

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Keywords

Indo-Pacific climate variability
Indian Ocean Dipole
ENSO
ENSO Modoki
agriculture sustainability
hydrology
health hazards
hydrometeorological disasters and extreme events
biodiversity and forest ecology

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 5525 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Extreme Positive Indian Ocean Dipole in 2019 and Its Impact on Indonesia

by Iskhaq Iskandar, Deni Okta Lestari, Agus Dwi Saputra, Riza Yuliratno Setiawan, Anindya Wirasatriya, Raden Dwi Susanto, Wijaya Mardiansyah, Muhammad Irfan, Rozirwan, Joga Dharma Setiawan and Kunarso

Sustainability 2022, 14(22), 15155; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su142215155 - 16 Nov 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1916

Abstract

The evolution of an extreme positive Indian Ocean Dipole (pIOD) that took place in the tropical Indian Ocean during the late boreal summer to early winter of 2019 is examined in terms of coupled ocean–atmosphere dynamics. The patterns of anomalous sea-surface temperature (SST) revealed a typical pIOD characteristic: cooling (warming) in the southeastern (western) tropical Indian Ocean. Based on the Dipole Mode Index (DMI), the evolution of the event started in mid-July and gradually strengthened with an abrupt weakening in early September before coming to its peak in late October/early November. It quickly weakened in November, and then it terminated in mid-December. During the peak phase of the event, the SST anomaly in the southeastern (western) tropical Indian Ocean reached about −2 °C (+1 °C). The pattern of anomalous SST was followed by an anomalous pattern in precipitation, in which deficit precipitation was observed over the eastern Indian Ocean, particularly over the Indonesia region. Earlier study has shown that dry conditions associated with the pIOD event created a favorable condition for a forest-peat fire in southern Sumatra. The number of fire hotspots has increased significantly during the peak phase of the 2019 pIOD event. In addition, anomalously strong upwelling forced by strong southeasterly wind anomalies along the southern coast of Java and Sumatra had induced a surface chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) bloom in this region. High surface Chl-a concentration was collocated with the negative SST anomalies observed off the southwest Sumatra coast and south Java. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Indo-Pacific Climate Variability)

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20 pages, 9842 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Spatio-Temporal Characteristics of the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool and the Corresponding Rain Pool

by Zi Yin, Qing Dong, Kunsheng Xiang and Min Bian

Sustainability 2022, 14(17), 10841; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su141710841 - 31 Aug 2022

Viewed by 1182

Abstract

The greatest warm body in the world exists in the tropical oceans, which stimulates deep convection, resulting in abundant water vapor and precipitation in the tropical atmosphere. Using multiple SST datasets and related precipitation and atmospheric parameter data, this study examines multi-scale variabilities of the Indo-Pacific warm pool (IPWP) as well as the associated rain pool (IPRP). The results show that the IPWP and IPRP are spatially analogous and have significant increasing trends of intensity and coverage. Seasonal variations of the IPWP and IPRP are the strongest and almost coincident with each other. Our results also confirm previous findings that the most important interannual variations of the IPWP and IPRP are associated with various types of ENSO. The composite analysis reveals that the IPWP’s SST structure is linked to the ENSO-induced trade wind anomaly and that SST structural changes cause changes in the position and intensity of the ascending branch of the Walker circulation, which in turn drives changes in the position and intensity of the IPRP. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Indo-Pacific Climate Variability)

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17 pages, 6194 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Drought Analysis for the Seyhan Basin with Vegetation Indices and Comparison with Meteorological Different Indices

by Mehmet Dikici

Sustainability 2022, 14(8), 4464; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su14084464 - 08 Apr 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1784

Abstract

Various drought indices have been developed to monitor drought, which is a result of climate change, and mitigate its adverse effects on water resources, especially in agriculture. Vegetation indices determined by remote sensing were examined by many recent studies and shed light on drought risk management. In the current study, one of the 25 drainage basins in Turkey—the Seyhan Basin, located in the south of the country—was investigated. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) are the most widely used vegetation indices and are very useful because they give results only based on satellite images. This study examined the Seyhan Basin using satellite data in which the vegetation transformation occurring due to the decline of agricultural and forest areas was seen. An increase in drought frequency was detected in the Seyhan Basin using the NDVI and VCI indices and compared with different indices. The results obtained revealed that climate change and drought is increasing with a linear uptrend. It is recommended that decision-makers take the necessary measures by considering the drought risk maps. Long-term drought management plans should also be prepared and implemented. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Indo-Pacific Climate Variability)

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16 pages, 5058 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Water Demand in Maize Is Projected to Decrease under Changing Climate in India

by Santanu Kumar Bal, Malamal Alickal Sarath Chandran, Sandeep Vadakkemethel Madhavan, Abburi Venkata Maruthi Subba Rao, Narayanan Manikandan, Ramagiri Praveen Kumar, Pramod Valiyaparambil Parameswaran, Shiv Dev Attri, Priyanka Singh, Ashutosh Mohanty and Vinod Kumar Singh

Sustainability 2022, 14(3), 1419; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su14031419 - 26 Jan 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2704

Abstract

Crop stage-specific information on the impacts of projected climate change on crop and irrigation water requirements are essential for improving productivity. This study investigated the possible implications of projected climate change on the phenology, effective rainfall (P_eff), crop (CWR) and irrigation water requirements (IWR) of maize in eight locations in India. CWR, P_eff and IWR were estimated for seven crop stages viz., emergence, 5th leaf stage, tasseling, silking, milking, dough and maturity during the baseline (1980–2009) and near-century (2022–39) using climate data derived from a subset of 29 general circulation models. The results indicated that mean seasonal maximum temperature, minimum temperature and rainfall were projected to increase in all the locations. Hence, the total crop duration (3–7 days), CWR (8–69 mm) and IWR (1–54 mm) were projected to decrease. The study could identify the specific stages in which the greatest reduction in crop duration, CWR and IWR would occur. Such information will be of immense help to farmers and varietal improvement programs in the study regions in the near future. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Indo-Pacific Climate Variability)

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28 pages, 10490 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessing the Influence of Land Use/Land Cover Alteration on Climate Variability: An Analysis in the Aurangabad District of Maharashtra State, India

by Md Masroor, Ram Avtar, Haroon Sajjad, Pandurang Choudhari, Luc Cimusa Kulimushi, Khaled Mohamed Khedher, Akinola Adesuji Komolafe, Ali P. Yunus and Netrananda Sahu

Sustainability 2022, 14(2), 642; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su14020642 - 07 Jan 2022

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3840

Abstract

Examining the influence of land use/land cover transformation on meteorological variables has become imperative for maintaining long-term climate sustainability. Rapid growth and haphazard expansion have caused the conversion of prime agricultural land into a built-up area. This study used multitemporal Landsat data to analyze land use/land cover (LULC) changes, and Terra Climate monthly data to examine the impact of land transformation on precipitation, minimum and maximum temperature, wind speed, and soil moisture in the Aurangabad district of Maharashtra state in India during 1999–2019. Multiple linear regression and correlation analysis were performed to determine the association among LULC classes and climatic variables. This study revealed rapid urbanization in the study area over the years. The built-up area, water bodies, and barren lands have recorded a steep rise, while the agricultural area has decreased in the district. Drastic changes were observed in the climatic variables over the years. The precipitation and wind speed have shown decreasing trends during the study period. A positive relationship between soil moisture and agricultural land was found through a correlation analysis. Conspicuous findings about the positive relationship between the agricultural land and maximum temperature need further investigation. A multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated a negative relationship between the built-up area and precipitation. The intensity of the precipitation has reduced as a consequence of the developmental activities in the study area. Moreover, a positive relationship was observed between the built-up area and maximum temperature. Thus, this study calls for policy implications to formulate a futuristic land-use plan considering climate change projection in the district. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Indo-Pacific Climate Variability)

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12 pages, 2690 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Aerosol Characteristics and Their Impact on the Himalayan Energy Budget

by Kesar Chand, Jagdish Chandra Kuniyal, Shruti Kanga, Raj Paul Guleria, Gowhar Meraj, Pankaj Kumar, Majid Farooq, Suraj Kumar Singh, Mahendra Singh Nathawat, Netrananda Sahu and Raj Kumar

Sustainability 2022, 14(1), 179; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su14010179 - 24 Dec 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3186

Abstract

The extensive work on the increasing burden of aerosols and resultant climate implications shows a matter of great concern. In this study, we investigate the aerosol optical depth (AOD) variations in the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR) between its plains and alpine regions and the corresponding consequences on the energy balance on the Himalayan glaciers. For this purpose, AOD data from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS, MOD-L3), Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET), India, and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) were analyzed. Aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) was assessed using the atmospheric radiation transfer model (RTM) integrated into AERONET inversion code based on the Discrete Ordinate Radiative Transfer (DISORT) module. Further, air mass trajectory over the entire IHR was analyzed using a hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model. We estimated that between 2001 and 2015, the monthly average ARF at the surface (ARFSFC), top of the atmosphere (ARFTOA), and atmosphere (ARFATM) were −89.6 ± 18.6 Wm⁻², −25.2 ± 6.8 Wm⁻², and +64.4 ± 16.5 Wm⁻², respectively. We observed that during dust aerosol transport days, the ARFSFC and TOA changed by −112.2 and −40.7 Wm⁻², respectively, compared with low aerosol loading days, thereby accounting for the decrease in the solar radiation by 207% reaching the surface. This substantial decrease in the solar radiation reaching the Earth’s surface increases the heating rate in the atmosphere by 3.1-fold, thereby acting as an additional forcing factor for accelerated melting of the snow and glacier resources of the IHR. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Indo-Pacific Climate Variability)

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