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Sustainability
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Efficient Operation of Smart Grids for Sustainability, Scalability and Security
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Efficient Operation of Smart Grids for Sustainability, Scalability and Security

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Sustainability".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 July 2021) | Viewed by 7117

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Dimitra Apostolopoulou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Engineering Department, City, University of London, London WC1E 7HU, UK
Interests: power system operation and control; power system economics
Dr. Matthew Deakin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
Interests: distribution network planning and operations; whole energy systems

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We would like to invite submissions to a Special Issue of Sustainability entitled “Efficient Operation of Smart Grids for Sustainability, Scalability and Security”.

Energy systems are undergoing radical changes as part of their modernization process worldwide. Τhe deep penetration of renewable energy resources at both distribution and transmission level has led academics, utilities and policy makers to rethink how power systems can be planned and operated. Distribution systems can no longer be considered as static demand: instead, transmission systems are increasingly interacting with active distribution networks with controllable distributed energy resources that can modulate their power to match system-wide needs whilst respecting local constraints.

These changes are enabling and driving the development of Smart Grids, with the objectives of achieving secure, sustainable, and scalable architectures across heterogeneous geographies. By focusing on well-defined frameworks and procedures for those goals, operating costs can be reduced without diminishing the drive towards reduced carbon intensity at acceptable levels of risk.

To this end, there are several trends that distinguish future operations as they compare to legacy practices. Decentralised approaches are now commonplace at all timescales, from primary control through to capacity markets bidding several years ahead. Retiring thermal plants and increased renewable resources have led to a rapid elevation in the value of flexibility in energy systems. The proliferation of market-based approaches and powerful machine learning techniques are expected to maximise the potential of customer flexibility to provide services, be it from the management of electric vehicles, scheduling of thermostatic loads or utilisation of battery energy storage systems.

This Special Issue focuses on frameworks, procedures and approaches that help in the proactive and cost-efficient management of energy resources in an increasing complex grid. The whole energy system should be considered, leveraging full controllability of smart technologies and possible interactions with other energy vectors.

The following topics are guidelines to the topics that could be addressed:

  • Distributed power system operation
  • Transmission-distribution system (TSO/DSO) coordination
  • Distributed energy resources integration
  • Electricity market design
  • Machine learning and AI approaches for power system operations

Dr. Dimitra Apostolopoulou
Dr. Matthew Deakin
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • distributed energy systems
  • distributed storage
  • electric vehicles
  • renewable energy
  • microgrids
  • electricity markets
  • peer-to-peer market
  • energy hubs
  • fractal grids
  • TSO/DSO

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

29 pages, 1490 KiB  
Article
TSO-DSO Coordination Schemes to Facilitate Distributed Resources Integration
by Fatemeh Najibi, Dimitra Apostolopoulou and Eduardo Alonso
Sustainability 2021, 13(14), 7832; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su13147832 - 13 Jul 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2784
Abstract
The incorporation of renewable energy into power systems poses serious challenges to the transmission and distribution power system operators (TSOs and DSOs). To fully leverage these resources there is a need for a new market design with improved coordination between TSOs and DSOs. [...] Read more.
The incorporation of renewable energy into power systems poses serious challenges to the transmission and distribution power system operators (TSOs and DSOs). To fully leverage these resources there is a need for a new market design with improved coordination between TSOs and DSOs. In this paper we propose two coordination schemes between TSOs and DSOs: one centralised and another decentralised that facilitate the integration of distributed based generation; minimise operational cost; relieve congestion; and promote a sustainable system. In order to achieve this, we approximate the power equations with linearised equations so that the resulting optimal power flows (OPFs) in both the TSO and DSO become convex optimisation problems. In the resulting decentralised scheme, the TSO and DSO collaborate to optimally allocate all resources in the system. In particular, we propose an iterative bi-level optimisation technique where the upper level is the TSO that solves its own OPF and determines the locational marginal prices at substations. We demonstrate numerically that the algorithm converges to a near optimal solution. We study the interaction of TSOs and DSOs and the existence of any conflicting objectives with the centralised scheme. More specifically, we approximate the Pareto front of the multi-objective optimal power flow problem where the entire system, i.e., transmission and distribution systems, is modelled. The proposed ideas are illustrated through a five bus transmission system connected with distribution systems, represented by the IEEE 33 and 69 bus feeders. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Efficient Operation of Smart Grids for Sustainability, Scalability and Security)
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30 pages, 18238 KiB  
Article
A Unified Control Strategy of Distributed Generation for Grid-Connected and Islanded Operation Conditions Using an Artificial Neural Network
by Karim M. El-Sharawy, Hatem Y. Diab, Mahmoud O. Abdelsalam and Mostafa I. Marei
Sustainability 2021, 13(11), 6388; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su13116388 - 04 Jun 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3697
Abstract
This article presents a control strategy that enables both islanded and grid-tied operations of a three-phase inverter in distributed generation. This distributed generation (DG) is based on a dramatically evolved direct current (DC) source. A unified control strategy is introduced to operate the [...] Read more.
This article presents a control strategy that enables both islanded and grid-tied operations of a three-phase inverter in distributed generation. This distributed generation (DG) is based on a dramatically evolved direct current (DC) source. A unified control strategy is introduced to operate the interface in either the isolated or grid-connected modes. The proposed control system is based on the instantaneous tracking of the active power flow in order to achieve current control in the grid-connected mode and retain the stability of the frequency using phase-locked loop (PLL) circuits at the point of common coupling (PCC), in addition to managing the reactive power supplied to the grid. On the other side, the proposed control system is also based on the instantaneous tracking of the voltage to achieve the voltage control in the standalone mode and retain the stability of the frequency by using another circuit including a special equation (wt = 2πft, f = 50 Hz). This utilization provides the ability to obtain voltage stability across the critical load. One benefit of the proposed control strategy is that the design of the controller remains unconverted for other operating conditions. The simulation results are added to evaluate the performance of the proposed control technology using a different method; the first method used basic proportional integration (PI) controllers, and the second method used adaptive proportional integration (PI) controllers, i.e., an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Efficient Operation of Smart Grids for Sustainability, Scalability and Security)
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