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Pro-environmental Behavior – Social and Cultural Aspects

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Sustainable Education and Approaches".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2022) | Viewed by 39254

Special Issue Editor

Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Donelaicio str. 28, LT-44404 Kaunas, Lithuania
Interests: pro-environmental behavior; environmental awareness; values; cultural analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The promotion of pro-environmental behavior is particularly important in seeking to solve environmental problems and achieve the goals of sustainability. Pro-environmental behavior encompasses a vast array of behaviors, such as private sphere behaviors including green purchasing, resource saving, waste management behavior, and urban transport usage; as well as public sphere behaviors, referring to environmental citizenship as well as the support of public policies. Therefore, research analyzing the determinants of pro-environmental behavior in general and of separate types of behavior is very important. By applying various theories, such as value-belief-norm, theory of planned behavior, Campbell paradigm, etc., the determinants of pro-environmental behavior could be defined. Research works on new and expanded theories considering pro-environmental behavior are also requested for this Special Issue. The analysis of changes in the level of pro-environmental behavior, particularly in the Covid-19 pandemic context, is very important as well.

Furthermore, the tools which are usually suggested by researchers to promote pro-environmental behavior (e.g., environmental education, information, financial initiatives) should also be analyzed. These studies could provide new insight for policy makers on how to more effectively enhance environmentally friendly behavior. We also encourage the submission of studies revealing the efficiency of implementing environmental programs to this Special Issue.

Social and cultural aspects are also very important considering pro-environmental behavior. Comparative analyses of pro-environmental behavior among countries and cultures could reveal the specificities of particular countries and particular tools, which would be more suitable to enhance the pro-environmental behavior. The willingness to behave in more environmentally friendly ways could differ among generations as well.

Therefore, this Section of the journal encourages the submission of articles related to:

  • Pro-environmental behavior (in general and for separate types of behaviors);
  • Changes in pro-environmental behavior;
  • The impact of environmental education (information) on pro-environmental behavior;
  • Environmental policy tools implication for pro-environmental behavior;
  • Cross-culture and cross-generation analysis;
  • Implications of Covid-19 for changes in pro-environmental behavior.

Both research and review papers on these topics are welcome.

Dr. Genovaitė Liobikienė
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • pro-environmental behavior
  • environmental education
  • information
  • environmental awareness
  • cross-culture
  • cross-generation analysis

Published Papers (12 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 1092 KiB  
Article
Out of Sight, Out of Mind: Using Post-Kerbside Organics Treatment Systems to Engage Australian Communities with Pro-Environmental Household Food Waste Behaviours
by Esther Landells, Anjum Naweed, David H. Pearson, Gamithri G. Karunasena and Samuel Oakden
Sustainability 2022, 14(14), 8699; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su14148699 - 15 Jul 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2432
Abstract
Dealing with the wicked problem of global food waste and loss is a complex and challenging area. In Australia, increased political will has landed the diversion of domestic food waste from landfill squarely at the feet of local government (councils), often requiring significant [...] Read more.
Dealing with the wicked problem of global food waste and loss is a complex and challenging area. In Australia, increased political will has landed the diversion of domestic food waste from landfill squarely at the feet of local government (councils), often requiring significant change to kerbside collections systems. This paper discusses how post-kerbside household food waste treatment systems can encourage pro-environmental behaviours. To achieve this, current food waste literature is examined against kerbside domestic waste collection measurable outcomes (diversion rates, system uptake and contamination rates). The hypothesis is that specific interventions can establish, or rebuild, community trust, responsibility and pro-environmental behaviours around food waste avoidance and diversion. Two post-kerbside systems—commercial composting and anaerobic digestion—provided the framework. Two themes emerged from the study: (1) the benefits of connecting the community with the interactions of household food waste inputs with post-treatment outputs (compost, soil conditioners, digestates and biogases); and (2) providing engaged communities with pathways for sustainable, pro-environmental actions whilst normalizing correct kerbside food waste recycling for the less engaged (habitual behaviours, knowledge and cooperation). The paper contributes to understanding how councils can connect their communities with the issues of household food waste. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pro-environmental Behavior – Social and Cultural Aspects)
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12 pages, 1600 KiB  
Article
Inventory and Analysis of Environmental Sustainability Education in the Degrees of the University of Alcalá (Spain)
by Emilio Chuvieco, Javier Carrillo-Hermosilla, Montserrat López-Mújica, Eva Campo-López, Ximena Angélica Lazo-Vitoria, Javier Macias-Guarasa, Alice Luminita Petre-Bujan, José Antonio Perdigón-Melón, Jesús Guardiola-Soler and María Jesús Salado-García
Sustainability 2022, 14(14), 8310; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su14148310 - 07 Jul 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1250
Abstract
In order to promote education in environmental sustainability at higher education institutions and establish action priorities, a detailed analysis of the initial situation is needed, both in terms of courses offered and teaching and assessment strategies implemented. This article presents a methodology that [...] Read more.
In order to promote education in environmental sustainability at higher education institutions and establish action priorities, a detailed analysis of the initial situation is needed, both in terms of courses offered and teaching and assessment strategies implemented. This article presents a methodology that can be used to standardize the evaluation of teaching in environmental sustainability at different universities. We exemplify its application at the University of Alcalá, located in Central Spain. The inventory was conducted using in-house software development for the extraction of environmental sustainability concepts in the degree courses’ syllabi, completed with a survey to faculty members and a manual review to confirm its adjustment to environmental issues. Those finally selected were analyzed in depth. The main results indicate that currently, only a small part of the courses (5.5%) offered at the University explicitly include environmental sustainability content. The grades that concentrate most of the courses are those of Environmental Sciences, Biology, Economics, Tourism and Pharmacy, with very low occurrence in the grades of Education and Health Sciences. It is concluded that further institutional commitment is needed in the definition of medium-term strategies to guide the training and dissemination efforts in order to promote sound environmental education in university courses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pro-environmental Behavior – Social and Cultural Aspects)
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19 pages, 610 KiB  
Article
The Role of CSR in Promoting Energy-Specific Pro-Environmental Behavior among Hotel Employees
by Qinghua Fu, Wafa Ghardallou, Ubaldo Comite, Irfan Siddique, Heesup Han, Juan Manuel Arjona-Fuentes and Antonio Ariza-Montes
Sustainability 2022, 14(11), 6574; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14116574 - 27 May 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1907
Abstract
Mitigating environmental crises requires efforts to reduce carbon emission at every level and segment of an economy. In this respect, the energy sector is blamed for increasing greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) throughout the globe. Specifically, it was specified that electrical energy contributes to [...] Read more.
Mitigating environmental crises requires efforts to reduce carbon emission at every level and segment of an economy. In this respect, the energy sector is blamed for increasing greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) throughout the globe. Specifically, it was specified that electrical energy contributes to 35% of the world’s GHG emissions. Without a doubt, the topics related to clean and green energies remained a part of academic discussion; however, a critical knowledge gap exists in most studies. That is, most of the prior literature focused only on the production side (supply side) of electrical energy, neglecting the consumption side (consumption at the level of individuals). Given that a significant amount of electricity has been consumed by the individuals in buildings (homes, offices, or others) for heating and cooling purposes, it is important to promote a target-specific (energy-specific) pro-environmental behavior (TSPEB) of individuals. However, such a debate did not receive any significant attention previously. Further, psychological factors such as employees’ environmental commitment (EEC) and green self-efficacy (GSE) were identified as critical mediators to drive different employees’ outcomes, but the mediating effect of EEC and GSE was not tested earlier to foster TSPEB in a CSR framework. The data for the current work were collected from employees of different hotels in a developing country by employing a survey strategy (n = 383). The structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data, which confirmed that hospitality employees’ CSR perceptions could improve TSPEB. The statistical results also confirmed the significant mediating effects of EEC and GSE. The finding of this study will help the hospitality sector to improve its efforts for de-carbonization by improving the energy consumption behavior of employees as an outcome of CSR. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pro-environmental Behavior – Social and Cultural Aspects)
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19 pages, 8216 KiB  
Article
Exploring the Moral Challenges of Confronting High-Carbon-Emitting Behavior: The Role of Emotions and Media Coverage
by Susanne Stoll-Kleemann, Susanne Nicolai and Philipp Franikowski
Sustainability 2022, 14(10), 5742; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su14105742 - 10 May 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2121
Abstract
In this article, we address the climate crisis as a moral issue and discuss the relevant moral and emotional processes and the role of the media underlying the motivations of individuals to behave in a less carbon-emitting manner. We provide theoretical insights from [...] Read more.
In this article, we address the climate crisis as a moral issue and discuss the relevant moral and emotional processes and the role of the media underlying the motivations of individuals to behave in a less carbon-emitting manner. We provide theoretical insights from social psychology and emotion research and empirical data based on an online survey from Germany (N = 979). In the theoretical part, we outline the role of emotions in influencing carbon-related behavior, with a particular focus on self-condemning (e.g., guilt or shame), self-praising (e.g., pride), or other-suffering emotions (e.g., empathy). We further summarize the reasons for the low influence of the media on carbon-related behavior compared to the COVID-19 pandemic. The empirical results confirm that participants reported other- suffering and self-condemning emotions in response to news content and rated their likelihood of personal behavior change as high when confronted with news about the climate crisis on a daily basis, as has been widely the case during the COVID-19 pandemic. We argue that the media is responsible for regularly reporting on the victims of the climate crisis in order to generalize self-condemning and other-suffering emotions into affective attitudes. Opinion leaders can function as role models for low-carbon behavior. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pro-environmental Behavior – Social and Cultural Aspects)
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14 pages, 1027 KiB  
Article
Understanding the Determinants of Pro-Environmental Behavior among South Africans: Evidence from a Structural Equation Model
by Isaac Tebogo Rampedi and Ayodeji Peter Ifegbesan
Sustainability 2022, 14(6), 3218; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su14063218 - 09 Mar 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2442
Abstract
This paper explores the relationship between pro-environmental behaviour (PEB) and environmental awareness, knowledge, attitudes, risk perceptions and activism in South Africa. To achieve this goal, the 2010–2012 data from the International Social Survey Program “Environmental III” was analysed by means of descriptive and [...] Read more.
This paper explores the relationship between pro-environmental behaviour (PEB) and environmental awareness, knowledge, attitudes, risk perceptions and activism in South Africa. To achieve this goal, the 2010–2012 data from the International Social Survey Program “Environmental III” was analysed by means of descriptive and inferential statistics, including the employment of the structural equation model. Significant differences were found between pro-environmental behaviour and other environmental variables such as environmental concern, awareness, willingness to sacrifice, and others in terms of the educational background, place of living, ethnic identity and provinces where respondents lived. Thus, to increase PEB amongst citizens would require the introduction and support of development programmes that enhance access to more education and environmental awareness across all population groups. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pro-environmental Behavior – Social and Cultural Aspects)
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14 pages, 1218 KiB  
Article
Sustainable Consumption in the Baltic States: The Carbon Footprint in the Household Sector
by Genovaitė Liobikienė and Jānis Brizga
Sustainability 2022, 14(3), 1567; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su14031567 - 28 Jan 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3018
Abstract
Sustainable consumption is one of the main aspects while implementing sustainable development goals. The main feature of sustainable consumption is the reduction of environmental impact. Thus, it is vital to understand and evaluate the environmental impact caused by consumption. In this paper, carbon [...] Read more.
Sustainable consumption is one of the main aspects while implementing sustainable development goals. The main feature of sustainable consumption is the reduction of environmental impact. Thus, it is vital to understand and evaluate the environmental impact caused by consumption. In this paper, carbon footprint analyses of the Baltic States for the period of 2000–2019 were used to study sustainable consumption and pro-environmental behavior development. The results show not only how carbon footprint changes in different consumption categories (e.g., mobility, housing, food, and services), but whether it is related to changes in pro-environmental behavior as the promotion of sustainable consumption is crucial to reduce the consumption-based carbon footprint. The results from multi-regional input-output analyses show that in the Baltic States 62–71% of all the household carbon footprint is attributed to the three main consumption categories—transport, food, and housing. These categories are also responsible for 53–56% of the household expenditure. Consequently, changes in our mobility, food consumption, and housing management practices can significantly reduce the household environmental impacts. However, to minimize carbon footprints, behavioral changes are not enough; structural changes in the agro-food, housing, energy, and transport systems are also needed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pro-environmental Behavior – Social and Cultural Aspects)
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15 pages, 790 KiB  
Article
Impact of Tourist’s Environmental Awareness on Pro-Environmental Behavior with the Mediating Effect of Tourist’s Environmental Concern and Moderating Effect of Tourist’s Environmental Attachment
by Shahrukh Aman, Nadir Munir Hassan, Mohammad Nisar Khattak, Mohamed A. Moustafa, Mahendra Fakhri and Zeeshan Ahmad
Sustainability 2021, 13(23), 12998; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su132312998 - 24 Nov 2021
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 5124 | Correction
Abstract
Pakistan has been blessed with rich tourism potential because of its rich history, culture, biological and geographical diversity. Travelers have for quite some time been attracted to Pakistan to encounter a nation that flaunts rugged natural beauty, cultural richness, and unparalleled hospitality. Pakistan [...] Read more.
Pakistan has been blessed with rich tourism potential because of its rich history, culture, biological and geographical diversity. Travelers have for quite some time been attracted to Pakistan to encounter a nation that flaunts rugged natural beauty, cultural richness, and unparalleled hospitality. Pakistan has various tourist destinations in the northern areas of Pakistan. Kumrat Valley has become a tourist hotspot in recent times after the prime minister of Pakistan, Mr. Imran Khan, visited the valley. To reduce the negative effects on these tourist destinations due to the accelerating increase in tourists, the present study used a quantitative approach to uncover whether there is an environmental awareness–behavior gap among the tourists, with their level of environmental awareness outweighing pro-environmental behavior. Using a sample of 426 tourists who have visited the valley, the analysis of the results indicates that the pro-environmental behavior is positively and significantly affected by the components, environmental awareness, environmental concern, and environmental attachment. Environmental attachment is added as a moderator between environmental awareness and pro-environmental behavior. This study suggests that environmental awareness must be promoted among tourists to ensure that they exhibit pro-environmental behavior. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pro-environmental Behavior – Social and Cultural Aspects)
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14 pages, 436 KiB  
Article
Socio-Cultural Determinants and the Moderating Effect of Gender in Adopting Sustainable Consumption Behavior among University Students in Iran and Japan
by Sadegh Salehi, Audronė Telešienė and Zahra Pazokinejad
Sustainability 2021, 13(16), 8955; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su13168955 - 10 Aug 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2922
Abstract
This article explores the underlying factors of sustainable consumption behavior. Survey data are employed to test the impacts of environmental attitude, knowledge, social awareness, perceived credibility of information sources, self-efficacy and gender on sustainable consumption patterns among samples of university students in Iran [...] Read more.
This article explores the underlying factors of sustainable consumption behavior. Survey data are employed to test the impacts of environmental attitude, knowledge, social awareness, perceived credibility of information sources, self-efficacy and gender on sustainable consumption patterns among samples of university students in Iran and Japan. This contributes to the scientific search for valid explanatory models that could be employed to foster lifestyle transformations towards sustainability. Our findings confirm positive relationship between self-efficacy, social awareness and sustainable consumption in both Japanese and Iranian samples. Other predicators did not have a consistent effect in both samples. This article also presents the results of moderated regression and discusses which impacts were moderated by gender. The discussion presents with interpretation of the findings and proposes possible alternative explanations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pro-environmental Behavior – Social and Cultural Aspects)
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19 pages, 507 KiB  
Article
The Influence of Media Usage on Iranian Students’ Pro-Environmental Behaviors: An Application of the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior
by Saeid Karimi, Genovaitė Liobikienė, Heshmatollah Saadi and Fatemeh Sepahvand
Sustainability 2021, 13(15), 8299; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su13158299 - 25 Jul 2021
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 4046
Abstract
The current study attempted to understand factors influencing students’ pro-environmental intentions and behaviors in a developing nation, namely Iran. To do so, a theoretical research model was established by adding media use and environmental knowledge into the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Data [...] Read more.
The current study attempted to understand factors influencing students’ pro-environmental intentions and behaviors in a developing nation, namely Iran. To do so, a theoretical research model was established by adding media use and environmental knowledge into the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire survey from a sample of 327 Iranian students and analyzed with the help of partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results supported the applicability of including additional constructs in the TPB, as it has improved the predictive utility of the proposed model. The results indicated that perceived behavioral control, subjective norms, and environmental knowledge were positively associated with pro-environmental intentions. Furthermore, pro-environmental intentions, perceived behavioral control, and environmental knowledge were related to pro-environmental behaviors. Perceived behavioral control and environmental knowledge were also indirectly related to pro-environmental behaviors through pro-environmental intentions. Notably, media use was directly related to pro-environmental behaviors and indirectly related to pro-environmental intentions through perceived behavioral control and environmental knowledge. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are highlighted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pro-environmental Behavior – Social and Cultural Aspects)
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24 pages, 676 KiB  
Article
Understanding Pro-Environmental Behavior of Citizen Science: An Exploratory Study of the Bird Survey in Taoyuan’s Farm Ponds Project
by Shan-Hui Chao, Jin-Zhang Jiang, Kuan-Chu Wei, Eric Ng, Chia-Hsuan Hsu, Yi-Te Chiang and Wei-Ta Fang
Sustainability 2021, 13(9), 5126; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su13095126 - 03 May 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2888
Abstract
This exploratory study aims to fill the gap by adopting Hirose’s two-phase decision-making model with the theory of social networks to explore the environmentally friendly attitudes and environmental behavioral intentions toward pro-environmental behaviors of the citizen scientists who participated in the Bird Survey [...] Read more.
This exploratory study aims to fill the gap by adopting Hirose’s two-phase decision-making model with the theory of social networks to explore the environmentally friendly attitudes and environmental behavioral intentions toward pro-environmental behaviors of the citizen scientists who participated in the Bird Survey in Taoyuan’s Farm Ponds Project. The Bird Survey in Taoyuan’s Farm Ponds Project is a systematic citizen science project founded in 2003 with the aim to identify existing and potential irrigation ponds that are important to creating waterbird refuges to secure habitats for wintering waterbirds in anthropogenically influenced areas. The participation in this project itself can be considered as a form of pro-environmental behavior. A total of 24 in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants of the Bird Survey in Taoyuan’s Farm Ponds Project. Qualitative data showed that participants mentioned six variables (i.e., perceived seriousness, ascription of responsibility, belief in the effectiveness, feasibility evaluation, cost–benefit evaluation, and social norms evaluation) of the two-phase decision-making model in relation to environmentally friendly attitudes and environmental behavioral intention. Findings also revealed three key variables (i.e., social networks, learning and growth, and belonging and contribution) in the theory of social networks that are associated with environmentally friendly attitudes and environmental behavioral intention. Based on the findings, it is proposed that the social needs variables are incorporated as an extension to the two-phase decision-making model to offer a more comprehensive explanation of pro-environmental behavior. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pro-environmental Behavior – Social and Cultural Aspects)
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Review

Jump to: Research

19 pages, 8688 KiB  
Review
A Bibliometric and Visual Analysis of Environmental Behavior Research
by Chunkui Zhu, Peishan Tong and Zhiping Song
Sustainability 2021, 13(18), 10338; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su131810338 - 16 Sep 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2391
Abstract
Environmental behavior has become one of the most important research areas in the field of sustainable development in recent years. Based on 818 papers on environmental behavior in the Web of Science database from 2002 to 2020, this paper uses CiteSpace software to [...] Read more.
Environmental behavior has become one of the most important research areas in the field of sustainable development in recent years. Based on 818 papers on environmental behavior in the Web of Science database from 2002 to 2020, this paper uses CiteSpace software to analyze the trends in publication, subject categories, influential authors and journals, countries, and institutional collaborations. The results show that environmental behavior research has steadily increased over the past 19 years and has gradually achieved diversity and intersection in research subjects. The research on environmental behavior is mainly distributed in the United States, China, and European countries, with the United States being the largest contributor in the field and at the center of the institutional collaboration network. The present research hotspots are as follows: the concept of environmental behavior, factors affecting environmental behavior, the dimension division of environmental behavior, and the construction of a sustainable environmental behavior model. The sustainable development, predictive environmental behavior indicators, factors that affect environmental behavior, and the construction of theoretical models of environmental behavior will become future research trend. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pro-environmental Behavior – Social and Cultural Aspects)
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21 pages, 2204 KiB  
Review
The Impact of Social Norms on Pro-Environmental Behavior: A Systematic Literature Review of The Role of Culture and Self-Construal
by Selma Saracevic and Bodo B. Schlegelmilch
Sustainability 2021, 13(9), 5156; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su13095156 - 05 May 2021
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 6475
Abstract
This paper documents state-of-the-art research on the impact of social norms on pro-environmental consumer behavior. Our aim was to identify possible research gaps, in particular in terms of the moderating role of culture and self-construal, and to suggest potentially fruitful research avenues. To [...] Read more.
This paper documents state-of-the-art research on the impact of social norms on pro-environmental consumer behavior. Our aim was to identify possible research gaps, in particular in terms of the moderating role of culture and self-construal, and to suggest potentially fruitful research avenues. To achieve these objectives, we conducted a systematic review of the literature on the impact of social norms on sustainability over the past 20 years, placing emphasis on the role of culture and self-construal. Altogether, we collected over 16,000 papers via Web of Science and subsequently used NVivo 12 for a fine-grained qualitative analysis. Our findings provide several new insights. First, we identified the most popular research areas, top journals and leading authors in the field of social norms and pro-environmental sustainability. Second, we pinpointed the most popular research topics in the context of the norm–sustainability relationship. Third, we revealed how culture and self-construal have been addressed when researching the connection between social norms and pro-environmental behavior, identified managerial implications, and offered future research directions on the moderating effects of culture and self-construal. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pro-environmental Behavior – Social and Cultural Aspects)
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