Research

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21 pages, 1765 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Manufacturer’s Incentive Strategies in a Dual-Channel Supply Chain with Moral Hazard: A Long-Term Perspective

by Ruijuan Zhao, Yihan Guo and Xiaolin Chu

Sustainability 2022, 14(22), 14856; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su142214856 - 10 Nov 2022

Viewed by 1074

Moral hazard have a non-negligible impact on supply chain sustainability, especially from a long-term perspective. This influence is more complicated in a dual-channel supply chain with free riding. Therefore, it is necessary to explore how manufacturers design multi-period incentive strategies in a dual-channel [...] Read more.

Moral hazard have a non-negligible impact on supply chain sustainability, especially from a long-term perspective. This influence is more complicated in a dual-channel supply chain with free riding. Therefore, it is necessary to explore how manufacturers design multi-period incentive strategies in a dual-channel supply chain to deal with moral hazard problems from retailers. In this study, we built a game theory model that contains a retailer (she) who is delegated by a manufacturer (he) to sell products in her offline and online channels and to provide experience services in a physical store. The retailer has the option of exerting effort when providing experience services to boost demand. We explored and compared the manufacturer’s strategies that cover a time horizon of multiple periods under two circumstances: full information and repeated moral hazard. The following conclusions were drawn from this study. In the repeated moral hazard game, the incentive constraints of the retailer are only related to her current and the next-period profits and independent from the profits in other periods. Moreover, the incentive strategies in each period are affected by the historical information in the previous period, while the strategies under information symmetry are not affected by history. Specially, the manufacturer can induce effort by charging an up-front payment from the retailer in the previous period and then returning a utility based on the achieved demand. Therefore, the manufacturer can postpone the payment of incentive costs and shift the risk to the next period. Furthermore, the manufacturer’s incentive strategies are also affected by the free-riding effect between channels. That is, compared with the low-state transfer payment, the high-state transfer payment was found to be more sensitive to free riding. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Supply Chain and Operations Management)

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21 pages, 1973 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Coping Decisions of Production Enterprises under Low-Carbon Economy

by Yanhong Yuan, Yaru Zhang, Lei Wang and Li Wang

Sustainability 2022, 14(15), 9593; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su14159593 - 04 Aug 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1198

Abstract

It aims to study the production and emission reduction decisions of production enterprises under carbon constraints. In the case of carbon constraints in production, manufacturers have four strategic choices: production within the carbon quota, adopting emission reduction technologies, purchasing carbon emission rights, and [...] Read more.

It aims to study the production and emission reduction decisions of production enterprises under carbon constraints. In the case of carbon constraints in production, manufacturers have four strategic choices: production within the carbon quota, adopting emission reduction technologies, purchasing carbon emission rights, and using emission reduction technologies and purchasing carbon emission rights. Based on the income model of production enterprises under four different strategies, first, under the condition of maximizing the interests of production enterprises, the optimal profit, optimal production, optimal total carbon emission, and optimal emission reduction rate under different carbon constraints are determined, and summarize its laws. Afterward, in order to further optimize corporate profits, the impact of changes in the carbon reduction scale cost and consumers’ low-carbon preference was studied. Several important conclusions are shown as follows. First, the stricter the carbon constraint policy, the greater the optimal emission reduction rate of enterprises. Second, the adoption of emission reduction technology can effectively reduce the impact of carbon constraint on output. Third, the optimal strategy is to both reduce emissions and purchase carbon emission rights, which can realize environmental economic dividends. Fourth, the lower the cost factor of the carbon reduction scale and the higher the low-carbon preference of consumers, the easier it is for firms to achieve carbon sufficiency in their production. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Supply Chain and Operations Management)

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17 pages, 1098 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Capacity Cost-Sharing Contract for a Two-Stage Supply Chain with a Risk-Averse Supplier under a Bargaining Power

by Pyung-Hoi Koo

Sustainability 2022, 14(4), 2279; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su14042279 - 17 Feb 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1674

Abstract

This study considers a two-stage supply chain (SC) consisting of a single supplier and a manufacturer. When the manufacturer introduces a new product to the market, both the manufacturer and supplier should install production capacity in advance. Since capacity building often takes a [...] Read more.

This study considers a two-stage supply chain (SC) consisting of a single supplier and a manufacturer. When the manufacturer introduces a new product to the market, both the manufacturer and supplier should install production capacity in advance. Since capacity building often takes a long time, the demand is uncertain at the time of capacity decision making. The supplier often makes a conservative decision on capacity building to avoid possible capital risks due to excess capacity, which leads to the so-called double marginalization problem. Various risk-sharing supply contracts have recently been studied in academia to overcome the double marginalization problem. However, most existing studies ignore the bargaining power of each SC member and capacity investment. This study aims to fill the research gap by including capacity investment and bargaining power in the supply contract process. A capacity cost-sharing (CCS) contract is introduced in which the manufacturer shares the supplier’s capacity investment risk. We investigate how to set the contract parameters in the CCS contract to coordinate the supply chain. It is found that the wholesale price and manufacturer’s CCS ratio are negatively proportional to each other, and the manufacturer’s expected profit increases as the CCS ratio (wholesale price) increases (decreases) in the coordinated CCS contract. We show that there exists a CCS contract leading to a coordinated supply chain for a specific range of bargaining power. We also present a new CCS contract for a supply chain with a risk-averse supplier. A numerical illustration is provided to clarify how the contract parameters are determined and to examine the effect of the contract parameters on SC performance. Managerial implications and possible future work are discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Supply Chain and Operations Management)

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25 pages, 2508 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Creating Shared Value and Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility through Outsourcing within Supply Chain Management

by Atour Taghipour, Moein Khazaei, Adel Azar, Ali Rajabzadeh Ghatari, Mostafa Hajiaghaei-Keshteli and Mohammad Ramezani

Sustainability 2022, 14(4), 1940; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su14041940 - 09 Feb 2022

Cited by 19 | Viewed by 4091

Abstract

One way to develop local clusters is to strengthen those clusters by using outsourcing to conduct strategic social responsibility, or in other words, to create shared value, which is a win-win strategy for the buyer, supplier, and society and the best and most [...] Read more.

One way to develop local clusters is to strengthen those clusters by using outsourcing to conduct strategic social responsibility, or in other words, to create shared value, which is a win-win strategy for the buyer, supplier, and society and the best and most viable alternative to traditional corporate social responsibilities. In the leading research, a model for decision-making within the supply chain has been developed for purchasing based on shared value creation, long-term relationship management, and purchasing strategies. The research consists of two strategic mathematical models, using goal programming, and then is solved by a meta-heuristic algorithm. Potential outsourcing companies are assessed and then clustered according to their geographic locations in the decision-making process. One (or several) cluster(s) was selected among clusters based on knowledge and relationship criteria. Besides, in the primary mathematical model, the orders in different periods and the selection of suppliers are determined. In this model, in addition to optimizing the cost, the dispersion of purchases from suppliers is maximized to increase relationships and strengthen all members of the cluster. Maximizing the distribution by converting a secondary objective function to goal-programming variables transforms the multi-objective model into a single-objective model. In addition to economic benefits for buyers and suppliers, this purchasing plan concentrates on strengthening the local industrial cluster, fostering employment and ease of recruitment for human resources, accessing more infrastructures and technical support facilities, developing an education system in the region, and assisting knowledge-based enterprises with development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Supply Chain and Operations Management)

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21 pages, 1510 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Selection of Suppliers for Speech Recognition Products in IT Projects by Combining Techniques with an Integrated Fuzzy MCDM

by Atour Taghipour, Babak Daneshvar Rouyendegh, Aylin Ünal and Sujan Piya

Sustainability 2022, 14(3), 1777; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su14031777 - 04 Feb 2022

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 1648

Abstract

In today’s environment, as the complexity of actual events develops, products become increasingly complicated. As a result, companies should collaborate to integrate disparate technologies while developing a product or service. Additionally, collaborating with the right supplier helps a company increase the flexibility, competitiveness, [...] Read more.

In today’s environment, as the complexity of actual events develops, products become increasingly complicated. As a result, companies should collaborate to integrate disparate technologies while developing a product or service. Additionally, collaborating with the right supplier helps a company increase the flexibility, competitiveness, and profitability of its goods or services. The goal of this study is to look into the factors that influence supplier selection for speech recognition. Twelve sub-criteria for quality, affordability, maintenance, and adaptability are used to evaluate prospective providers. Two separate hybrid methodologies for finding the best supplier of an information technology product are presented. intuitionistic Fuzzy Due to the uncertainty of the data, VIKOR operates as the decision-making matrix and solves the issue by determining the ideal alternative for group utility using VIKOR. The second technique, Q-ROF TOPSIS, selects suppliers by utilizing q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets, which provides decision makers with greater expression flexibility than the majority of uncertainty-related strategies. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the recommended measures, a case study is conducted. The outcomes of various strategies are compared, as well as the associated advantages. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Supply Chain and Operations Management)

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30 pages, 8809 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Ecodesign Strategy for Demand-Oriented Electrical and Electronic Products

by Yongguang Zhong and Qian Wang

Sustainability 2022, 14(1), 24; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su14010024 - 21 Dec 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2009

Abstract

Governments of various countries have formulated relevant EPR environmental regulations for environmental pollution caused by electrical and electronic products, and enterprises mainly respond to this regulation through product ecodesign strategies. In view of this, this paper takes a three-stage supply chain system composed [...] Read more.

Governments of various countries have formulated relevant EPR environmental regulations for environmental pollution caused by electrical and electronic products, and enterprises mainly respond to this regulation through product ecodesign strategies. In view of this, this paper takes a three-stage supply chain system composed of a manufacturer, a retailer and a third-party recycler as the research object, and develops a demand-oriented product ecodesign strategy for five scenarios under different environmental regulations, including eco-input subsidy, sales subsidy, consumption subsidy and recycling subsidy. This study finds that the manufacturer does not actively engage in product ecodesign if the government does not implement subsidy policies; when the government implements subsidy policies such as eco-input subsidy, sales subsidy, or consumption subsidy, the manufacturer will design a high-level ecological product. However, under the recycling subsidy policy, the manufacturer will design a low-level ecological product. These results suggest that different subsidy policies may lead to different eco-product strategies of the manufacturer. In particular, the recycling subsidy policy can encourage a recycler to recycle actively, thus reducing the environmental pollution cost of a manufacturer, but the manufacturer is reluctant to improve the ecological level of the finished product. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Supply Chain and Operations Management)

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Review

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21 pages, 4485 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceReview

Inventory Models in a Sustainable Supply Chain: A Bibliometric Analysis

by Katherinne Salas-Navarro, Paula Serrano-Pájaro, Holman Ospina-Mateus and Ronald Zamora-Musa

Sustainability 2022, 14(10), 6003; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su14106003 - 15 May 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3117

Abstract

This paper presents a bibliometric analysis of inventory models in a sustainable supply chain. The methodology contains reviewing previous research with a performance evaluation, network analysis, and science mapping to identify the applications, trends, and future research topics. Scientific mapping examines the periods [...] Read more.

This paper presents a bibliometric analysis of inventory models in a sustainable supply chain. The methodology contains reviewing previous research with a performance evaluation, network analysis, and science mapping to identify the applications, trends, and future research topics. Scientific mapping examines the periods and volumes of publications, authors, journals, countries, regions, organizations, subject areas, and citation analyses. The dataset was obtained with the Scopus database and analyzed using MS Excel and VOSviewer. The search equation identified 335 research papers, which resulted in 131 significant manuscripts on the subject after being screened and filtered. The most notable countries in developing research were Iran, India, China, the United States, Canada, Taiwan, France, the United Arab Emirates, Turkey, and Denmark. Saha, S., Ajay, S.Y., and Baboli, A. were the most cited authors. The journals that publish the most research were Sustainability, the Journal of Cleaner Production, and the International Journal of Production Economics. Some research focuses on reducing carbon emissions and polluting agents applied in different industries in China, Brazil, India, and others. The main findings were the number of industry sectors researching this topic, increasing the number of publications, and promoting the proper use of resources within a sustainable supply chain. There are many investigations of theoretical models that have applications in real-life cases. There is also evidence of the high importance of promoting sustainable development. The emissions regulations in a green supply chain applied to agricultural products have allowed for more actions to achieve responsible production and consumption, as seen in applied research in the pulp and paper industry. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Supply Chain and Operations Management)

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31 pages, 1048 KiB

Open AccessReview

Multi-Objective Optimization for Sustainable Supply Chain and Logistics: A Review

by Chamari Pamoshika Jayarathna, Duzgun Agdas, Les Dawes and Tan Yigitcanlar

Sustainability 2021, 13(24), 13617; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su132413617 - 09 Dec 2021

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 5067

Abstract

There are several methods available for modeling sustainable supply chain and logistics (SSCL) issues. Multi-objective optimization (MOO) has been a widely used method in SSCL modeling (SSCLM), nonetheless selecting a suitable optimization technique and solution method is still of interest as model performance [...] Read more.

There are several methods available for modeling sustainable supply chain and logistics (SSCL) issues. Multi-objective optimization (MOO) has been a widely used method in SSCL modeling (SSCLM), nonetheless selecting a suitable optimization technique and solution method is still of interest as model performance is highly dependent on decision-making variables of the model development process. This study provides insights from the analysis of 95 scholarly articles to identify research gaps in the MOO for SSCLM and to assist decision-makers in selecting suitable MOO techniques and solution methods. The results of the analysis indicate that economic and environmental aspects of sustainability are the main context of SSCLM, where the social aspect is still limited. More SSCLMs for sourcing, distribution, and transportation phases of the supply chain are required. Additionally, more sophisticated techniques and solution methods, including hybrid metaheuristics approaches, are needed in SSCLM. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Supply Chain and Operations Management)

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