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Sustainability
Special Issues
Soils Stabilization and Sustainability Challenges
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Soils Stabilization and Sustainability Challenges

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Sustainability and Applications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 10674

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ahmad Safuan A Rashid

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Guest Editor
Centre of Tropical Geoengineering, School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
Interests: soil mechanics; geotechnical engineering; ground improvement; soil stabilisation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Nor Zurairahetty Mohd Yunus

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
Interests: soil mechanics; geotechnical engineering; ground improvement; soil stabilization
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Nazirah Mohd Apandi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centre of Tropical Geoengineering, School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
Interests: peat burning; climate change; structural engineering

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

A themed Special Issue of Sustainability on Soils Stabilization and Sustainability Challenges is planned for 2021.

Soil stabilization has been commonly used to improve the mechanical and chemical properties of problematic soils especially for highway, airport runway, and rail track construction. Implementing this method may enhance the soil bearing capacity, reduce soil settlement and permeability, and control the shrinking/swelling ratio. Cement- and lime-based stabilizers are the most popular stabilizer agents used widely in this soil stabilization technique. However, due to the negative environmental impacts of cement and lime production and to gain more awareness of the sustainability issues, the use of alternative cementitious binders obtained from recycled waste byproducts is a preferred approach. Today, material such as fly ash (FA), bottom ash (BA), rice husk ash (RHA), palm oil fly ash (POFA), biomass ash, calcium carbide residue (CCR), and other recycled waste byproducts have been widely applied in practical infrastructure projects and extensively explored.

In addition, less attention has been paid to the impact of wetting/drying cycles on engineering behavior for stabilized soil. This may contribute to the poorer performance of stabilized soil over the service life of the stabilized earth structure. Therefore, the effect of climate change on the long-term characteristics of stabilized soil should be investigated.

The purpose of this Special Issue of Sustainability is to promote outstanding research in various aspects of soil stabilization applications and the current challenges, especially in sustainability issues. Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

  • Review of soil stabilization issues and their sustainability challenges;
  • Development of novel stabilization agents;
  • Application of recycled waste byproducts in soil stabilization;
  • Technical and economic evaluation of soil stabilization;
  • Life cycle assessment of stabilized soil under long-term climatic conditions.

Prof. Ahmad Safuan A. Rashid
Dr. Nor Zurairahetty Mohd Yunus
Dr. Nazirah Mohd Apandi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • soil stabilization
  • recycled waste byproducts
  • sustainability

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 6200 KiB  
Article
Strength and Durability of Cement-Treated Lateritic Soil
by Norshakila Abdul Wahab, Mohammad Jawed Roshan, Ahmad Safuan A. Rashid, Muhammad Azril Hezmi, Siti Norafida Jusoh, Nik Daud Nik Norsyahariati and Sakina Tamassoki
Sustainability 2021, 13(11), 6430; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su13116430 - 05 Jun 2021
Cited by 38 | Viewed by 4750
Abstract
The transportation infrastructure, including low-volume roads in some regions, needs to be constructed on weak ground, implying the necessity of soil stabilization. Untreated and cement-treated lateritic soil for low-volume road suitability were studied based on Malaysian standards. A series of unconfined compressive strength [...] Read more.
The transportation infrastructure, including low-volume roads in some regions, needs to be constructed on weak ground, implying the necessity of soil stabilization. Untreated and cement-treated lateritic soil for low-volume road suitability were studied based on Malaysian standards. A series of unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests was performed for four cement doses (3%, 6%, 9%, 12%) for different curing times. According to Malaysian standards, the study suggested 6% cement and 7 days curing time as the optimum cement dosage and curing time, respectively, based on their 0.8 MPa UCS values. The durability test indicated that the specimens treated with 3% cement collapsed directly upon soaking in water. Although the UCS of 6% cement-treated specimens decreased against wetting–drying (WD) cycles, the minimum threshold based on Malaysian standards was still maintained against 15 WD cycles. On the contrary, the durability of specimens treated with 9% and 12% cement represented a UCS increase against WD cycles. FESEM results indicated the formation of calcium aluminate hydrate (CAH), calcium silicate hydrate (CSH), and calcium aluminosilicate hydrate (CASH) as well as shrinking of pore size when untreated soil was mixed with cement. The formation of gels (CAH, CSH, CASH) and decreasing pore size could be clarified by EDX results in which the increase in cement content increased calcium. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Soils Stabilization and Sustainability Challenges)
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17 pages, 3905 KiB  
Article
The Optimisation Analysis of Sand-Clay Mixtures Stabilised with Xanthan Gum Biopolymers
by Jing Ni, Gang-Lai Hao, Jia-Qi Chen, Lei Ma and Xue-Yu Geng
Sustainability 2021, 13(7), 3732; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su13073732 - 26 Mar 2021
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 3225
Abstract
Sand–clay mixtures can be encountered in both natural soils (e.g., residual soils, clay deposits and clinosols) and artificial fills. The method of utilising biopolymers in ground improvement for sand–clay mixtures has emerged recently. However, a full understanding of the strengthening effect of biopolymer-treated [...] Read more.
Sand–clay mixtures can be encountered in both natural soils (e.g., residual soils, clay deposits and clinosols) and artificial fills. The method of utilising biopolymers in ground improvement for sand–clay mixtures has emerged recently. However, a full understanding of the strengthening effect of biopolymer-treated sand–clay mixtures has not yet been achieved due to a limited number of relevant studies. In this study, xanthan gum (XG), as one of the eco-friendly biopolymers, was used to treat reconstituted sand–clay mixtures that had various compositions in related to clay (or sand) content and clay type (kaolin and bentonite). A series of laboratory unconfined compression strength (UCS) tests were conducted to probe the performances of XG-treated sand–clay mixtures from two aspects, i.e., optimum treatment conditions (e.g., XG content and initial moisture content) to achieve the maximum strengthening effect and strengthening efficiency for the sand–clay mixtures with different compositions. The experimental results indicated that the optimum initial moisture content decreased as the sand content increased. The optimum XG content, which also decreased with the increasing sand content, remained approximately 3.75% for all sand–kaolin mixtures and 5.75% for all sand–bentonite mixtures if calculated based on clay fraction. While untreated sand–kaolin mixtures and sand–bentonite mixtures had comparable UCS values, XG-treated sand–kaolin mixtures seemed to have better improved mechanical strength due to higher ionic (or hydrogen) bonds with XG and low-swelling properties compared with bentonite. The deformation modulus of XG-treated sand–clay mixtures were positively related with UCS. The variation in UCS and stiffness for each treatment condition increased as the sand content was elevated for both sand-kaolin and sand-bentonite mixtures. An increment in the proportion of the heterogeneous composite formed by irregular sand particles conglomerated with the XG–clay matrix in total soil might be responsible for this phenomenon. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Soils Stabilization and Sustainability Challenges)
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