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Sustainability of Soil Reuse in Civil Construction

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2020) | Viewed by 17491

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Engineering Department, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
Interests: advanced geomechanics; multiphysical testing of geomaterials for nuclear waste repositories; unsaturated soil behaviour; soil stabilization; soil microstructure characterization; landslide modelling and mitigation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
Interests: soil stabilization; ground improvement; polluted sites management; pollutants migration in soil system

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Guest Editor
Department of Engineering, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
Interests: LCA; soil stabilization; roads and railways construction; embankments
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Sustainability means enabling the earth to continue supporting human life. Among the strain being placed on the earth, the increasing exploitation of natural resources is certainly included. Nowadays, the availability of natural high-quality soil to be used as construction materials is fully limited; soils are nonrenewable resources and, as such, the challenge of reusing whatever soils, in nature and geomechanical characteristics, involved within the earthwork site projects should be faced by sustainable civil engineering. Moreover, soil stabilization technologies ought to be applied in such a way that they do not induce an adverse environmental effect. By fulfilling this requirement, the reuse of geowaste material or the introduction of industrial by-products as stabilizers may be considered, as well.

This Special Issue seeks contributions in the field of Geotechnical Engineering in selecting ways to reuse soil and aims to discuss the possible reuse/recycling actions to obtain material to be reused in the production cycle starting from the unsuitable, low-quality excavated soil. In general, the studies that will be selected for publication in this Special Issue, following a rigorous peer-review process, could address all kinds of non-renewable soil resources, including stabilization techniques.

Topics of interest include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • Advanced geotechnical characterization of soil as nonrenewable resources;
  • Stabilization of excavated soil or solid waste materials (by selected binders, addition of production scraps, geogrids, geofiber and so on);
  • Micro- and macroscale characterization of the changes induced by stabilization;
  • Use of mechanically stabilized soils in earthmoving works;
  • Reuse of polluted or contaminated soil;
  • Improvement strategies for problematic soils (e.g., soils susceptible of liquefaction, quick/sensitive clays, expansive soils);
  • Field-monitoring of stabilized constructions (embankments and earthworks in general) during installation or operation stages;
  • Case histories of integrated systems of soil management (e.g., infrastructure projects, landfills construction…);
  • Life cycle analysis and assessment for civil construction considering soil reuse.

Dr. Marco Rosone
Dr. Marta Di Sante
Prof. Clara Celauro
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Nonrenewable soil resource
  • Mechanical stabilization of soils
  • Recycling materials
  • Testing materials
  • Microstructural and chemical changes
  • Field-monitoring
  • Environmental assessment

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 6941 KiB  
Article
The Dependence Between Shear Strength Parameters and Microstructure of Subgrade Soil in Seasonal Permafrost Area
by Hanbing Liu, Xiang Lyu, Jing Wang, Xin He and Yunlong Zhang
Sustainability 2020, 12(3), 1264; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su12031264 - 10 Feb 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2652
Abstract
Permafrost and seasonal permafrost are widely distributed in China and all over the world. The failure of soil is mainly shear failure, and the strength of soil mainly refers to the shear strength. The two most important parameters of shear strength are cohesion [...] Read more.
Permafrost and seasonal permafrost are widely distributed in China and all over the world. The failure of soil is mainly shear failure, and the strength of soil mainly refers to the shear strength. The two most important parameters of shear strength are cohesion and angle of internal friction. In order to ensure the sustainability of road construction in seasonal permafrost area, the microstructure of subgrade soil was observed and analyzed. First, three subgrade soils with different plasticity indices were prepared for triaxial test and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Then, these specimens underwent freezing–thawing (FT) cycles and were obtained shear strength parameters by triaxial shear test. Next, the microstructure images of soil were obtained by SEM, and the microstructure parameters of soil were extracted by image processing software. Finally, the correlation method was used to analyze the dependence between the shear strength parameters and the microstructure parameters. Results revealed that subgrade soils with a higher plasticity index had higher cohesion and lower angle of internal friction. In addition, with the increase of the number of FT cycles, the diameter and number of soil particles and pores tend to increase, while the roundness, fractal dimension and directional probabilistic entropy of particles decreased. With the increase of the plasticity index, the particle and pore diameter decreased, but the particle and pore number increased. Besides, particle roundness had the greatest influence on the cohesion and angle of internal friction of shear strength parameters. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability of Soil Reuse in Civil Construction)
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15 pages, 3614 KiB  
Article
Experimental Investigation of Consolidation Properties of Nano-Bentonite Mixed Clayey Soil
by Gang Cheng, Hong-Hu Zhu, Ya-Nan Wen, Bin Shi and Lei Gao
Sustainability 2020, 12(2), 459; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su12020459 - 07 Jan 2020
Cited by 32 | Viewed by 3689
Abstract
As a new soil improvement method, adding nano-bentonite can enhance the engineering properties of soil. To study the stabilization effect of nano-bentonite on soil consolidation properties, a series of one-dimensional odometer tests were conducted on a clayey soil with different nano-bentonite mixing contents [...] Read more.
As a new soil improvement method, adding nano-bentonite can enhance the engineering properties of soil. To study the stabilization effect of nano-bentonite on soil consolidation properties, a series of one-dimensional odometer tests were conducted on a clayey soil with different nano-bentonite mixing contents (i.e., 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%). The effects of nano-bentonite on the coefficient of consolidation and permeability of the test soil were analyzed. The results show that adding a certain amount of nano-bentonite does not significantly affect the original consolidation characteristics of soil samples, but displays a notable effect on accelerating water drainage. Among all the soil samples, when the nano-bentonite mixing content is 0.5%, the final compression amount is the largest and the final void ratio is the smallest. The coefficients of consolidation and permeability increase with increasing nano-bentonite mixing content under high stress state. The test results indicate that nano-bentonite can facilitate internal cementation of soil particles, which effectively reduces the compressibility of clayey soil. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability of Soil Reuse in Civil Construction)
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13 pages, 2710 KiB  
Article
Study on Shear Strength of Xanthan Gum-Amended Soil
by Antonio Soldo and Marta Miletić
Sustainability 2019, 11(21), 6142; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su11216142 - 04 Nov 2019
Cited by 34 | Viewed by 4562
Abstract
When construction work is planned on soil with inadequate shear strength, its engineering properties need to be improved. Chemical stabilization is one of the solutions for soil strength improvement. Currently, the most common additive that is used for chemical soil improvement is cement. [...] Read more.
When construction work is planned on soil with inadequate shear strength, its engineering properties need to be improved. Chemical stabilization is one of the solutions for soil strength improvement. Currently, the most common additive that is used for chemical soil improvement is cement. Cement is an effective solution, but it has several negative effects on the environment. Therefore, the urges for environment-friendly solutions that can replace cement and show good potential for sustainable engineering are rising. One of the promising environment-friendly solutions is the use of biopolymers. Therefore, the main aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the biopolymer xanthan gum on the strength of different types of soil. Xanthan gum was mixed with three different types of soil: sand, clay, and silty sand. The strength of treated and non-treated soil was experimentally investigated by performing unconfined compression, direct shear, and triaxial tests. From the results, it was observed that xanthan gum significantly increased the strength of each soil, which shows its major potential for the future of sustainable engineering. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability of Soil Reuse in Civil Construction)
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14 pages, 4742 KiB  
Article
Sustainable Improvement of the Crack Resistance of Cohesive Soils
by Michael Z. Izzo and Marta Miletić
Sustainability 2019, 11(20), 5806; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su11205806 - 19 Oct 2019
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2716
Abstract
Desiccation cracking of cohesive soils is the development of cracks on the soil surface as a result of a reduction in the soil moisture content. The decrease in soil surface area owing to the desiccation of cohesive soils has an undesirable impact on [...] Read more.
Desiccation cracking of cohesive soils is the development of cracks on the soil surface as a result of a reduction in the soil moisture content. The decrease in soil surface area owing to the desiccation of cohesive soils has an undesirable impact on the mechanical, hydrological, thermal, and physico-chemical properties. Many efforts have been made to improve the desiccation crack resistance of cohesive soils, but the current solutions raise a number of environmental issues, increasing the demand for sustainable soil improvement alternatives. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to investigate novel eco-friendly soil improvement techniques, such as recycled carpet fibers and a gelatin-based bioplastic, and their effect on desiccation cracking in cohesive soils. The improvement of soil crack resistance was studied by conducting desiccation cracking tests on plain and improved soils. In addition, image processing was conducted to quantitatively describe the effect of soil improvement type on the geometrical characteristics of crack patterns. Each soil improvement technique enhanced the soil strength and reduced cracking at room temperature, at an elevated temperature, and when subjecting to cyclic wetting and drying. The addition of bioplastics proved to be the most effective solution, thus demonstrating a viable option to advance future sustainable engineering practices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability of Soil Reuse in Civil Construction)
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19 pages, 5412 KiB  
Article
Experimental Research on Deformation Characteristics of Using Silty Clay Modified by Oil Shale Ash and Fly Ash as the Subgrade Material after Freeze-Thaw Cycles
by Haibin Wei, Qinglin Li, Leilei Han, Shuanye Han, Fuyu Wang, Yangpeng Zhang and Zhao Chen
Sustainability 2019, 11(18), 5141; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su11185141 - 19 Sep 2019
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2491
Abstract
To achieve the purposes of disposing industry solid wastes and enhancing the sustainability of subgrade life-cycle service performance in seasonally frozen regions compared to previous research of modified silty clay (MSC) composed of oil shale ash (OSA), fly ash (FA), and silty clay [...] Read more.
To achieve the purposes of disposing industry solid wastes and enhancing the sustainability of subgrade life-cycle service performance in seasonally frozen regions compared to previous research of modified silty clay (MSC) composed of oil shale ash (OSA), fly ash (FA), and silty clay (SC), we identified for the first time the axial deformation characteristics of MSC with different levels of cycle load number, dynamic stress ratio, confining pressure, loading frequency, and F-T cycles; and corresponding to the above conditions, the normalized and logarithmic models on the plastic cumulative strain prediction of MSC are established. For the effect of cycle load number, results show that the cumulative plastic strain of MSC after 1, 10, and 100 cycle loads occupies for 28.72%~35.31%, 49.86%~55.59%, and 70.87%~78.39% of those after 8000 cycle loads, indicating that MSC possesses remarkable plastic stability after 100 cycles of cycle loads. For the effect of dynamic stress ratio, confining pressure, loading frequency, and F-T cycles, results show that dynamic stress ratio and F-T cycles are important factors affecting the axial deformation of MSC after repeated cycle loads; and under the low dynamic stress ratio, increasing confining pressure and loading frequency have insignificant effect on the axial strain of MSC after 8000 loads. In term of the normalized and logarithmic models on the plastic cumulative strain prediction of MSC, they have a high correlation coefficient with testing data, and according to the above models, the predicted result shows that the cumulative plastic strain of MSC ranges from 0.38 cm to 2.71 cm, and these predicted values are within the requirements in the related standards of highway subgrades and railway, indicating that the cumulative plastic strain of MSC is small and MSC is suitable to be used as the subgrade materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability of Soil Reuse in Civil Construction)
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