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A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Sustainable Chemical Engineering and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 15549

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Prof. Dr. Mariusz Maminski

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Guest Editor

Institute of Wood Sciences and Furniture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Warszawa, Poland
Interests: bioplastics; renewable resources; environmentally friendly materials and technologies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, Earth’s ecosystems have approached a state of crisis associated with excessive exploitation of natural resources and the need for the constant growth of industrial production. In this model, Earth’s ecosystems are not only expected to supply raw materials and resources for technology to develop and to produce goods for the human population, but also to absorb the generated stream of wastes and to neutralize them.

As sustainable development can be defined as “use less today than nature can replenish tomorrow”, it seems imperative for humans to create closed loops of materials, including wood and wood derivatives.

This Special Issue titled “Sustainable Development of Wood Chemistry” is devoted to providing a forum to exchange ideas and concepts and to discuss the urgent problems in the field, as well as to disseminate new findings and achievements in wood chemistry. Reviews as well as original experimental and theoretical papers are invited. Contributions are expected to be scientifically sound and bring significant knowledge to the field of sustainability.

The scope of this Special Issue covers the following: new approaches to wood conversion, carbon footprints, carbon dioxide uptake, bioenergy, biofuels, biorefinery, lignin and cellulose, wood-derived polymers, life-cycle assessment, recycling, etc.

Prof. Mariusz Ł. Mamiński
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

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Keywords

bioenergy
biofuel
biorefinery
cellulose
closed-loop system
carbon dioxide
carbon footprint
lignin
post-industrial waste
wood conversion
wood recycling

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 4669 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Mechanical Treatment of Eucalyptus Pulp on the Production of Nanocrystalline and Microcrystalline Cellulose

by Walter Torezani Neto Boschetti, Ana Márcia Macedo Ladeira Carvalho, Angélica de Cássia Oliveira Carneiro, Graziela Baptista Vidaurre, Fernando José Borges Gomes and Déborah Nava Soratto

Sustainability 2021, 13(11), 5888; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su13115888 - 24 May 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2017

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the effect of mechanical pretreatment on bleached eucalyptus kraft pulp fibers and investigate the influence of reaction time and temperature on the properties and yield of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). Two types of pulps were hydrolyzed, pulp 1 (control, whole fibers) and pulp 2 (mechanically pretreated, disintegrated fibers). NCC and MCC particles were obtained by sulfuric acid hydrolysis (60% w/w) of eucalyptus pulps under different conditions of time (30–120 min) and temperature (45–55 °C). Physical treatment of kraft pulp facilitated acid hydrolysis, resulting in higher NCC yields compared with no pretreatment. The morphologic properties and crystallinity index (CI) of NCC and MCC were little affected by pulp pretreatment. NCC particles obtained from pulps 1 and 2 were needle-shaped, with mean diameters of 6 and 4 nm, mean lengths of 154 and 130 nm, and CI of 74.6 and 76.8%, respectively. MCC particles obtained from pulps 1 and 2 were rod-shaped, with mean diameters of 2.4 and 1.4 µm, mean lengths of 37 and 22 µm, and CI of 73.1 and 74.5%, respectively. Pulps 1 and 2 and their respective NCC and MCC derivatives had a cellulose I crystalline structure. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Development of Wood Chemistry)

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19 pages, 63469 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Non-Lignocellulosic Elements on the Combustion of Treated Wood and Wooden Panel

by João Otávio Poletto Tomeleri, Luciano Donizeti Varanda, Leonardo Machado Pitombo, Fabio Minoru Yamaji and Franciane Andrade de Pádua

Sustainability 2021, 13(9), 5161; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su13095161 - 05 May 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1796

Abstract

Brazil stands out internationally in the production and commercialization of wood products. Although the external and internal demand for these products is met by the Brazilian forestry sector, challenges related to the internal management of lignocellulosic waste are evident, as the country has structural difficulties in the sector of solid waste management. Therefore, the objective was to comparatively analyze the performance of the most abundant lignocellulosic materials in the Brazilian market, regarding energy recovery at the end of their life cycles. Pine wood treated with chromed copper arsenate (CCA), untreated pine wood, eucalypt wood treated with CCA, untreated eucalypt wood, uncoated medium density fiberboard panel (MDF), and MDF panel with melamine coating were sampled. The characterization included thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDXA), and elementary analysis (EA). The presence of the CCA salts and the melamine coating reduced the energy potential of the biomass, altering the burning behavior and significantly increasing the amount of generated ashes. They also caused an increase in the concentrations of copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), and cadmium (Cd) in the wood ashes as well as lead (Pb) and chromium in the panel ashes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Development of Wood Chemistry)

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15 pages, 3029 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Durability of Superheated Steam-Treated Light Red Meranti (Shorea spp.) and Kedondong (Canarium spp.) Wood against White Rot Fungus and Subterranean Termite

by Rasdianah Dahali, Seng Hua Lee, Zaidon Ashaari, Edi Suhaimi Bakar, Hidayah Ariffin, Pui San Khoo, Paiman Bawon and Qamariah Norhidayah Salleh

Sustainability 2020, 12(11), 4431; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su12114431 - 29 May 2020

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2913

Abstract

In this study, the effect of superheated steam (SHS) treatment on the changes of the chemical composition and biological properties of two tropical hardwoods was investigated. SHS was carried out on light red meranti (Shorea spp.) and kedondong (Canarium spp.) wood with dimensions of 410 × 25 × 25 mm, using superheated steam as the heating medium. Wood samples were heat-treated at nine treatment levels, ranging from 172 to 228 °C and 95 to 265 min, respectively. The chemical constituents and resistance against white rot fungus (Pycnoporus sanguineus) and subterranean termite (Coptotermus curvignathus) of the treated wood were evaluated. A significant reduction in holocellulose content and increment in lignin was observed after SHS treatment. Consequently, the resistance against white rot fungus and termites improved. The biological durability improved with an increasing treatment temperature and time. A regression analysis revealed that the reduced equilibrium moisture content imparted superior biological resistance to the treated wood. Weight loss caused by the thermal degradation also served as a good indicator for fungal decay, as the loss of weight was directly proportional to the improvement in fungal resistance. However, this did not apply to termite resistance, as a very weak relationship was found between the two variables. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Development of Wood Chemistry)

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12 pages, 880 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Multi-Dimensional and Dynamic Distance on China’s Exports of Wooden Forest Products to Countries along the “Belt and Road”

by Tianbo Wu, Bin Zhang, Yukun Cao and Pingjun Sun

Sustainability 2020, 12(8), 3339; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su12083339 - 20 Apr 2020

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2378

Abstract

National distance (ND) is the key factor that affects international trade but the traditional trade gravity model only considers spatial distance, which is not enough. This paper therefore constructs a trade gravity model and a Generalized Moment Estimation Model (GMM) based on four dimensions—spatial distance (SD), economic distance (ED), institutional distance (ID) and cultural distance (CD)—comprehensively analyzing the impact of the heterogeneity represented by national distance on exports of wooden forest products (EWFP) from China to countries along the “Belt and Road” using panel data from 2001 to2018. The results show that the impacts of the four types of ND on China’s EWFP are different and that a major change has taken place since the “Belt and Road” initiative was proposed, within which CD has become the key factor that hinders exports, while the traditional SD is not significant. Therefore, using NDs instead of the SD of the traditional trade gravity model is much more reasonable. Finally, this paper proposes some suggestions to reduce the ND between China and the route countries and to promote cooperation among them. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Development of Wood Chemistry)

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Review

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15 pages, 1061 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Review on the Lignin Biopolymer and Its Integration in the Elaboration of Sustainable Materials

by Francisco Vásquez-Garay, Isabel Carrillo-Varela, Claudia Vidal, Pablo Reyes-Contreras, Mirko Faccini and Regis Teixeira Mendonça

Sustainability 2021, 13(5), 2697; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su13052697 - 03 Mar 2021

Cited by 58 | Viewed by 5713

Abstract

Lignin is one of the wood and plant cell wall components that is available in large quantities in nature. Its polyphenolic chemical structure has been of interest for valorization and industrial application studies. Lignin can be obtained from wood by various delignification chemical processes, which give it a structure and specific properties that will depend on the plant species. Due to the versatility and chemical diversity of lignin, the chemical industry has focused on its use as a viable alternative of renewable raw material for the synthesis of new and sustainable biomaterials. However, its structure is complex and difficult to characterize, presenting some obstacles to be integrated into mixtures for the development of polymers, fibers, and other materials. The objective of this review is to present a background of the structure, biosynthesis, and the main mechanisms of lignin recovery from chemical processes (sulfite and kraft) and sulfur-free processes (organosolv) and describe the different forms of integration of this biopolymer in the synthesis of sustainable materials. Among these applications are phenolic adhesive resins, formaldehyde-free resins, epoxy resins, polyurethane foams, carbon fibers, hydrogels, and 3D printed composites. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Development of Wood Chemistry)

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