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Systems Approach and Management for Urban Sustainability

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A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Sustainable Urban and Rural Development".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 January 2023) | Viewed by 42325

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Vilas Nitivattananon

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Guest Editor

Department of Development and Sustainability, School of Environment, Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
Interests: systems approach and management for urban sustainability; urban competitiveness and resilience; climate change, coastal urbanization and tourism; waste recycling and circular economy; strategic water and infrastructure development; economic and environmental sustainability assessment

Prof. Dr. Habib Alipour

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Guest Editor

Faculty of Tourism, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta 99450, Turkey
Interests: sustainable development; urban tourism; sustainable tourism development and planning; urban institutional analysis; sustainable smart urban planning; collective approach to urban development; creative governance

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Global tourism in general and urban tourism in particular have become the dominant socio-economic activities worldwide. However, until recently, the economic aspect of tourism dominated the governance of destinations that resulted in destruction of socio-ecological systems, especially in urban areas. Urban areas have already suffered the pressure of population growth and internal migration, pollution, congestion, waste problems, and transportation issues. The tourism sector exacerbated the urban problems beyond conventional solutions in the context of traditional urban planning. Therefore, a new urban governance is needed to reconcile ‘tourism’ and ‘urbanization’ as these two active dimensions are inseparable. The paradigm of sustainability can guide these processes towards long-term solutions to the present problems that are associated with old policies. A significant element that is indispensable to the sustainability of urban destinations is collective action and a holistic approach where communities are actively involved in new forms of governance. With the application of digital technology, the dissemination of information and sharing is highly available. The new digital platforms make it possible to invite and involve communities to manage and protect their own habitats. Last but not least, path creation should replace the path-dependent mentality.

In recent decades, addressing our planet's environmental issues has necessitated a holistic strategy and a trans-disciplinary approach linked to urban sustainability, which has inspired increased urban innovation and improved quality of life. Therefore, the purpose of this Special Issue is to explore contemporary challenges to achieving greater sustainability and resilience from various research perspectives and scientific methods to encourage innovation and adaption in social and economic, and environment dimensions in the urban context. The main areas include:

Urban innovation and sustainability management;
Urban health and insurance;
Land use and landscape planning;
Urban infrastructure and service design and management;
Low carbon and greenhouse gas in urbanization;
Sustainable urban tourism and marketing;
Urban waste management and circular economy;
Urban agriculture/farming and food marketing;
Urban technology and smart city;
Urban logistics and sustainable consumption;
Urban transportation and metropolitan development;
Urban water management;
Urban resilience and risk management;
Urban green space.

Prof. Dr. Vilas Nitivattananon
Prof. Dr. Habib Alipou
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

global tourism
sustainable urban planning
ecological integrity
digital platforms
holistic approach
community involvement
sustainable destination governance

Published Papers (13 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 3146 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Compressed Stabilized Earthen Blocks and Their Use in Low-Cost Social Housing

by Jan Bredenoord and Yask Kulshreshtha

Sustainability 2023, 15(6), 5295; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su15065295 - 16 Mar 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4605

Abstract

Earthen techniques have been historically used in construction of housing in Africa, Asia and Latin America. In the past two decades the interest in earthen material has grown considerably, leading to the development of sustainable materials such as compressed earth blocks (CEB), compressed stabilized earth blocks (CSEB) and interlocking stabilized soil blocks (ISSB). Scientific publications from various countries and context have examined the physical aspects of these earthen building materials, but so far, the results are not well connected to housing practices for and by low-income households with their self-organizing skills. This research sought to close this gap by documenting the housing projects where earth blocks are applied in participatory social housing. The study provides an overview of relevant practical examples from the three world regions (Africa, Asia and Latin America), with their cultural and climatic differences, and an analysis of similarities and possibilities. Based on the lessons learned from these examples, recommendations are made on further research on sustainable building materials within social housing practices, which can benefit the scientific community. We propose to set up a worldwide database of housing projects where earthen techniques have been applied responsibly. We conclude and recommend that more high-quality pilot projects with CSEB and ISSB are needed to get a broader picture on the potential of these materials for social housing, and the necessary support for local communities wishing to be involved in these sustainable housing practices. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Systems Approach and Management for Urban Sustainability)

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14 pages, 2155 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Housing and Setting Constraints: The Portuguese Evidence

by António Duarte Santos and Hélio Castro

Sustainability 2022, 14(18), 11720; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su141811720 - 19 Sep 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1057

Abstract

In the last few decades, Portugal has witnessed an extraordinary quantitative and qualitative transformation in housing provision. The pace of housing construction was so extensive that the contemporary real estate market is currently characterized by an excessive supply, vis-à-vis the resident population. In this study, we discuss the impact of the financial process on the housing sector in comparison with tenancy. We consider transaction prices of the housing assignments, either through acquisition or through tenancy. The recent shock resulting from the pandemic situation did not slow down house prices but caused a slight drop in rents. The model used proposes to analyze the fluctuations in prices and rents in the face of external shocks. In the residential market, the estimation is complex due to the many heterogeneous attributes of residential assets. Non-fluctuating variables, such as size, location, and external demand for homes, explain a large part of the variation in price levels included in the model. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Systems Approach and Management for Urban Sustainability)

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21 pages, 1965 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Necessity of Governance Thorough Internal Control and Accountability in NGOs: A Case of Buea Sub-Division Cameroon

by Matina Ghasemi, Angel Musongong Ngegah Marie and Ladan Rokni

Sustainability 2022, 14(18), 11264; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su141811264 - 08 Sep 2022

Viewed by 1897

Abstract

The main objective of this study was to examine the role and existence of internal control and accountability in NGOs of Buea Sub-division Cameroon. The study fol-lowed these research questions: What are the main concerns of governance in NGOs in the Buea Sub-division Cameroon? Among the identified items, which ones are more important? What is the implication of each item after analyzing? Two theories consti-tuted the theoretical framework of the current study, including the agency theory and stakeholder theory. The evaluation of internal control and accountability was con-ducted through interviews with managers, directors, accountants, and project manag-ers to reach a framework in questionnaires format in fifteen chosen NGOs. By con-ducting interviews 35 items were obtained and among them, 21 items were more em-phasized by the participants. These 21 areas were analyzed using percentage frequen-cy tables and bar charts by using SPSS to analyze internal control and accountability practices in NGOs in Buea Sub-division in Cameroon. The COSO model and HAP frameworks were applied as guidance for the whole procedures and analysis. The findings revealed that some components of internal control systems were not fully ac-tive. Nevertheless, most components like control environment, information, and communication, control activities, internal audit, segregation of duty, accounting knowledge and principles, internal control and accountability were actively being practiced which resulted in a considerable and positive influence on NGOs, noted by participants. The lack of a regulatory body and control by the local government to monitor the operations of NGOs and their ethical standards were noted as problems hindering accountability and reliable reports to stakeholders by the NGO sector in Buea Sub-division. This study has its own limitations as the small group of participants and bias of self-evaluation of critical elements of governance. The study ends with a recommendation for government and NGO management to employ personnel with sound knowledge of internal control and accountability that will follow up on the weaknesses identified in the system like political instability, monitoring, disclosure, and funding constraints in order to improve the existing internal control and ac-countability systems in Buea Sub-division Cameroon. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Systems Approach and Management for Urban Sustainability)

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20 pages, 510 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of Total Quality Management in Turkish Pharmaceutical Companies: A Case Study

by Shengyang Qin, Xinxing Duan, Ahmad Fatehallah Al-hourani and Naif Alsaadi

Sustainability 2022, 14(16), 10181; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su141610181 - 16 Aug 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2392

Abstract

Corporate sustainability is one of the most challenging issues in superior organizations, and is always one of the main concerns of top managers. The importance of quality management in organizations—especially as total quality management—is considered to be one of the most important indicators of sustainability. We cannot achieve sustainability and its important sub-parameters—including economic and social sustainability—by merely employing the value of knowledge creation and knowledge sharing, without also focusing on customers, leadership, and process management. We designed appropriate questionnaires to test this premise, and then distributed and collected them from various reputable pharmaceutical companies in Turkey. We recorded the opinions of managers, supervisors, and deputies of different departments at various organizational levels. To analyze the data, SPSS software—one of the well-known applications in this field—was used. The new regular economy introduces new requirements for newly built public universities or pharmaceutical companies; therefore, their transformation and development are imminent. For example, colleges should comply with the new requirements of economic and social transformation for higher education, innovate their talent training models, and cultivate higher ideological standards and morality while instilling strong practical ability in their graduates to serve society. The results of this study not only illustrate the positive effects of total quality management on firms’ sustainability, but also validate knowledge management and its sub-variables, including knowledge creation and sharing. In addition, they confirm the mediating role of sub-variables, including knowledge creation and knowledge sharing in companies, influencing the effects of total quality management on the sustainability of companies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Systems Approach and Management for Urban Sustainability)

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16 pages, 492 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Employee Involvement and Socialization as an Example of Sustainable Marketing Strategy and Organization’s Citizenship Behavior: Empirical Evidence from Beirut Hotel Sector

by Sonia Khawand, Matina Ghasemi and Seyed Arash Sahranavard

Sustainability 2022, 14(14), 8805; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su14148805 - 19 Jul 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1969

Abstract

In recent years, environmental consideration and notion of sustainability has gained extensive attention on global scale from political aspect to businesses and social means. It has been the core concept of development for organizations in different industries in an increasing manner. As tourists tend to be more aware regarding environment and impact of human activity on nature, it becomes more important to include sustainable measures so that firms can remain competitive in the market and attract new customers. The current research examines the relationship between sustainable marketing orientation deployed by organizations operating in tourism sector (i.e., hotels) and employees’ extra-role behavior in form of organizational citizenship behavior. Furthermore, indirect effects of employees’ socialization and involvement are examined to provide a better understanding on related factors. Gathering data from hotels of Beirut, 218 employees participated in the research and PLS-SEM yielded significant results, stating that the variables are vital for positive behavioral outcomes within the hotel industry. The results can be beneficial for scholars and practitioners in tourism sector alike. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Systems Approach and Management for Urban Sustainability)

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19 pages, 1418 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Total Quality Management and Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises’ (SMEs) Performance: Mediating Role of Innovation Speed

by Oluwaseun Niyi Anifowose, Matina Ghasemi and Banji Rildwan Olaleye

Sustainability 2022, 14(14), 8719; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su14148719 - 16 Jul 2022

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 5180

Abstract

This study focuses on investigating the role of innovation speed in mediating the relationship between total quality management and small and medium-sized enterprise performance. Cross-sectional data from 484 Nigerian small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises were collected using judgmental sampling, which was targeted at the owners and managers of small-scale manufacturing enterprises within Nigeria. The obtained data were evaluated using both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. Hence, the heuristic model for the relationship was subjected to a string of tests using the partial least squares structural equation modeling technique. The results show that total quality management is positively related to operational performance as well as innovation speed, which has a substantial influence on the nexus between total quality management (TQM) and small and medium-sized enterprises’ (SME) performance. The study expands the understanding of innovation, regarding speed and its measures within total quality management, where the five basic dimensions of total quality management are top management quality practices, employee quality management, customer orientation, process management, and employee knowledge and training. Furthermore, the model contributes to the scarce literature on the mediating factors needed to boost the operational performance of small-scale manufacturing firms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Systems Approach and Management for Urban Sustainability)

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18 pages, 806 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Linking Internal Mobility, Regional Development and Economic Structural Changes in Romania

by Ramona Pîrvu, Roxana Maria Bădîrcea, Nicoleta Mihaela Doran, Elena Jianu, Lili Țenea and Flavia Murtaza

Sustainability 2022, 14(12), 7258; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su14127258 - 14 Jun 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1299

Abstract

The political context of the 1990s generated significant changes in the territorial structure and migratory behaviour of Romanian regions, as well as a severe economic decline and an increase in development disparities between the East and West. The main objective of this research is to analyse the empirical relationship between economic growth and the internal migration of the workforce, on both a national and regional level, by applying the standard production function and using panel data based on the annual series of eight regions for 19 years (2000–2018). To outline the effects on the structures of the economy, an empirical analysis of the relationship between economic growth and the structural development of the economy, considering the migration of the workforce among the five main sectors of the economy, was carried out. On a regional level, in the North West, North East and Bucharest Ilfov regions, internal migration positively influences economic growth, with migration in rural regions having a high impact. However, for the Central, South East, South West Oltenia, and West regions, migration has a negative influence on economic growth. The results regarding the effects of these structures on the economy indicate a high, but negative, influence on regional economic growth due to the active agricultural sectors in all eight regions of Romania. On the other hand, the construction sector determines positive effects in all regions of Romania. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Systems Approach and Management for Urban Sustainability)

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28 pages, 1946 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Establishing Urban Revitalization and Regional Development Strategies with Consideration of Urban Stakeholders Based on the ISA-NRM Approach

by Jung-Jung Chang and Chia-Li Lin

Sustainability 2022, 14(12), 7230; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su14127230 - 13 Jun 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2264

Abstract

Urban revitalization has already become the main goal for urban managers. However, various stakeholders may have different perspectives on urban revitalization. Therefore, how urban managers understand various stakeholders’ urban revitalization needs and determine urban sustainable development strategies has become a significant challenge. This study defines four driving aspects of urban revitalization (infrastructure construction, living environment, trade and investment, and urban consciousness). It analyzes the status of importance and satisfaction for various stakeholders (residents, sojourners, travelers) for urban revitalization using the ISA (importance satisfaction analysis) approach. The study also adopted the NRM (network relation map) approach to evaluate the network relation structure based on the DEMATEL (Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) approach. This study integrates the ISA and NRM approaches and proposes using the ISA-NRM approach to assess the acceptance strategies and common suitable paths for various stakeholders. The proposed model can aid urban managers in understanding the various stakeholders’ perspectives for urban sustainable development strategies and determine the urban revitalization paths based on diverse perspectives of groups of stakeholders. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Systems Approach and Management for Urban Sustainability)

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28 pages, 16827 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Typological Transformation of Individual Housing in Hail City, Saudi Arabia: Between Functional Needs, Socio-Cultural, and Build Polices Concerns

by Mohammed Mashary Alnaim and Emad Noaime

Sustainability 2022, 14(11), 6704; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su14116704 - 30 May 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 4213

Abstract

This research paper traces the evolution of housing typologies in five distinct periods of dwellings in Hail City, Saudi Arabia. The study reviews the formation and historical events of the Hail house by observing the significant changes on the layout, spatial form, and architectural form. The objective is to investigate the embedded socio-cultural and privacy patterns, in conjunction with economic and environmental factors, that influenced the development of housing in Hail City over the last several decades. The methodological approach is based on an ethnographic approach, users’ perception survey, and a review of multiple case studies representing local housing typologies from five distinct historic periods: traditional, transitional traditional, modern, transitional modern, and contemporary. The findings show that specific building policies and laws pertaining to house form, privacy, gender segregation, and hospitality influenced the spatial layout of Hail City dwellings and played a decisive role in determining the final built form. Conclusions are drawn to highlight current challenges while also providing projections for future housing typologies in Hail City, around Saudi Arabia, and similar countries. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Systems Approach and Management for Urban Sustainability)

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21 pages, 3297 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Train Operational Plan Optimization for Urban Rail Transit Lines Considering Circulation Balance

by Shuo Zhao, Jinfei Wu, Zhenyi Li and Ge Meng

Sustainability 2022, 14(9), 5226; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su14095226 - 26 Apr 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1469

Abstract

The passenger demand of urban rail transit (URT) lines often present asymmetric tidal time-varying characteristics. To match the demand fluctuation, the train operational plan (TOP) generally has asymmetric bi-directional frequency/headway setting and imbalanced circulation, leading to high operation cost. This paper incorporates circulation balance into TOP optimization to balance the bi-directional arrival, departure, circulation, and resource utilization, and reduce the overall operation cost. Based on time-varying section demand and predetermined service level, bi-directional stepped maximum headway functions are collaboratively constructed, and then the circulation process is described by the trip flow circulation network that is formulated as a cost-oriented integer linear programming model. Using the optimized frequency setting, the final TOP is obtained by a two-stage approach to successively solve the schedule and rolling stock circulations at terminals. The case study based on an URT line in Shenzhen indicates that the proposed approach can not only ensure the required service level for travel demand, but also improve the efficiency of circulation and utilization, and effectively reduce the overall operation cost. The proposed approach provides an effective technique to keep balanced, stable and sustainable operation for URT lines. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Systems Approach and Management for Urban Sustainability)

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21 pages, 2696 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sustainable Conservation and Reuse of Historical City Center Applied Study on Jeddah—Saudi Arabia

by Mohamed Ibrahim El-belkasy and Sahl Abdullah Wahieb

Sustainability 2022, 14(9), 5188; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su14095188 - 25 Apr 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2846

Abstract

Developing a historical city center leads to city resilience and sustainable heritage conservation; changing the social fabric is a fundamental problem that affects historical and heritage areas. As a result of Jeddah’s development, the community of the heritage area changed to another without the same interest or appreciation for the region’s heritage. After listing it as a world heritage, the government is taking care of many conservation projects for Historic Jeddah. The research aims to evaluate a proposed project to reverse the last decade’s social changes of the local community as a step in achieving historic center sustainability. The scope of this proposal is to select adaptive reuse of the listed historic buildings and provide the area with state-of-the-art services. This proposed project will attract the targeted community to return, which will achieve the research purpose. The research followed three different methodologies; through a theoretical approach, Jeddah city urban development and growth were highlighted, and the currently enforced conservation policies regulating land use were introduced. Moreover, the analytical approach studies the possibility of social reform of the local community by implementing adaptive reuse for heritage buildings. Three sustainability pillars were tested through a survey of three different stockholders. The research discussed the various stockholders’ visions toward the aimed sustainable objectives. Hence, the applied part of the research evaluates the sustainability of the proposed project. The study finds that the local community is essential in the conservation process’s sustainability. Reusing the heritage buildings in the resettled original community will sustain the conservation process and increase the real estate value of the Jeddah historical areas. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Systems Approach and Management for Urban Sustainability)

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25 pages, 3266 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Design Thinking and Urban Community Development: East Bangkok

by Pattarachit Choompol Gozzoli, Theerada Rongrat and Roberto Bruno Gozzoli

Sustainability 2022, 14(7), 4117; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su14074117 - 30 Mar 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3976

Abstract

This research focuses on community development and ways in which community members can express their opinions and maintain well-being. However, in many contexts, these voices have been enfeebled through top-down approaches, lack of a concrete scenario, and attention to community problems, all of which are frequently associated with prejudices based on social status, education, or gender. For the first time within an urban context, the Ban Bu/Wat Suwannaram community in Bangkok, Thailand, has been given the opportunity to voice their opinions about the community, the direction it should take, and the overall improvement to be made, without the constriction of external authorities. This study applies design thinking, which despite being one of the major trends in business over the last couple of decades, is not generally used to address social issues. Since design thinking requires data collection and the creation of a model/prototype, two complementary procedures are employed. Firstly, the community is studied through observation and interviews, which helped creating a SWOT analysis to identify its potential and facilitate an informal discussion with members of the local community on the situation before urbanisation loosened community ties. After this initial stage, a prototype for various areas of community development is discussed in a community workshop to enable participants to offer their opinions on how the community could develop further. The results reveal the aspirations of the local community towards improving social and environmental issues. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Systems Approach and Management for Urban Sustainability)

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Review

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25 pages, 2653 KiB

Open AccessReview

Environmental Sustainability in Stadium Design and Construction: A Systematic Literature Review

by Annes Elsa Francis, Matthew Webb, Cheryl Desha, Sharyn Rundle-Thiele and Savindi Caldera

Sustainability 2023, 15(8), 6896; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086896 - 19 Apr 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 7912

Abstract

Large stadiums are highly visible assets for large-scale ‘mega-events’, inspiring built environment professionals to innovate in structure and aesthetics. In recent years environmental performance—or environmental sustainability—has been increasing in focus, with events such as the Olympics calling for ‘green games’ and countries committing to reducing built environment carbon emissions. This paper presents a systematic literature review of large stadiums’ environmental sustainability discourse over the last five years related to design and construction. Using the PRISMA methodology, 18 relevant conceptual and empirical research papers were distilled from 159 extracted papers. Energy consumption and material composition were the most discussed topics. Emergent technologies and processes were also extensively discussed regarding significant embodied energy and indoor air-quality improvements, and greenhouse gas emissions reductions. There was a lack of best practices, or whole life cycle considerations, and minimal demonstration of other attributes of environmental sustainability. This paper provides a baseline to assess progress on environmental sustainability for the built environment sector. A practical definition is presented for Environmentally Sustainable Stadiums (ESS) and a checklist is provided to support leading practices in design and construction. This paper is relevant for built environment professionals and asset owners and managers considering new-build and refurbishments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Systems Approach and Management for Urban Sustainability)

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