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Sustainability
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Green Engineering: Green Composite Material and Biodiesel from Wastes
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Green Engineering: Green Composite Material and Biodiesel from Wastes

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Sustainable Engineering and Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (26 March 2023) | Viewed by 4878

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Sergio Mendez

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Chemical Engineering Department, California State University Long Beach, 250 Bellflower Boulevard, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA
Interests: green materials; biofuels; biomedical diagnostic devices; polymer characterization and simulation; aboriginal chemical processes

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The sudden onset of the COVID-19 pandemic has made humanity aware that coordinated, rapid responses are needed in times of crisis. In addition, new modes of thinking can be spawned to ensure our success and survival. Worsening climate change, untenable environmental pollution and destruction of biodiversity likewise have the potential to not only disrupt our lives but put them in peril. All around the world, Green Engineering solutions are being conceived, researched, developed and put into action. In this Special Issue, we solicit manuscripts in the areas of fabrication of composite materials derived from wastes. We also seek contributions where soaps and/or biofuels are made from environmentally friendly or waste sources. Papers that address Green Engineering solutions of problems endemic in developing societies are welcomed.

Dr. Sergio Mendez
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • green engineering
  • green composite materials
  • waste to biofuel
  • renewable fuels
  • environmentally friendly soap production
  • developing societies
  • aboriginal processes

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 532 KiB  
Article
Production of Biodiesel from Spirogyra elongata, a Common Freshwater Green Algae with High Oil Content
by Aasma Saeed, Muhammad Asif Hanif, Asma Hanif, Umer Rashid, Javed Iqbal, Muhammad Irfan Majeed, Bryan R. Moser and Ali Alsalme
Sustainability 2021, 13(22), 12737; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su132212737 - 18 Nov 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2445
Abstract
The need for exploring nonfood low-cost sustainable sources for biodiesel production is ever increasing. Commercial and industrial algae cultivation has numerous uses in biodiesel production. This study explores S. elongata as a new algal feedstock for the production of biodiesel that does not [...] Read more.
The need for exploring nonfood low-cost sustainable sources for biodiesel production is ever increasing. Commercial and industrial algae cultivation has numerous uses in biodiesel production. This study explores S. elongata as a new algal feedstock for the production of biodiesel that does not compete with food production. The major fatty acids identified in S. elongata oil were oleic (30.5%), lauric (29.9%), myristic (17.0%), and palmitic (14.2%) acids. Transesterification to FAME was conducted using basic (KOH), acidic (HCl), and Zeolitic catalysts for assessment. The yields with acidic (54.6%) and zeolitic (72.7%) catalysts were unremarkable during initial screening. The highest biodiesel yield (99.9%) was achieved using KOH, which was obtained with the optimum reaction conditions of 1.0% catalyst, 60 °C, 4 h, and an oil-to-methanol volume ratio of 1:4. The resulting S. elongata oil methyl esters exhibited densities, CNs, and IVs, that were within the ranges specified in the American (ASTM D6751) and European (EN 14214) biodiesel standards, where applicable. In addition, the high SVs and the moderately high CPs and PPs were attributed to the presence of large quantities of short-chain and saturated FAME, respectively. Overall, the composition and properties of FAME prepared from S. elongaae oil indicate that S. elongata is suitable as an alternative algal feedstock for the production of biodiesel. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Engineering: Green Composite Material and Biodiesel from Wastes)
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22 pages, 21753 KiB  
Article
Optimization of MgO-GGBS Cementitious Systems Using Thermo-Chemical Approaches
by Blessing Adeleke, John Kinuthia and Jonathan Oti
Sustainability 2021, 13(16), 9378; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su13169378 - 20 Aug 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1826
Abstract
The current study investigated the development of a sustainable thermo-chemical approach to effectively optimize MgO-waste activated GGBS formulations, using four types of magnesium oxide (MgO) waste materials with ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) to develop binary cementitious systems (MgO-GGBS). This stems from the [...] Read more.
The current study investigated the development of a sustainable thermo-chemical approach to effectively optimize MgO-waste activated GGBS formulations, using four types of magnesium oxide (MgO) waste materials with ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) to develop binary cementitious systems (MgO-GGBS). This stems from the expected complexity of cementitious binder optimization outcomes into a simpler analytic form, enhancing the rapid delivery of optimization results and contributing to the global awareness of sustainable approaches and use of industrial wastes. Three levels of Portland cement by weight (90, 80, and 70 wt.%) was replaced with MgO wastes including an industrial by-product (GGBS) to develop an experimental regime. Investigation was carried out by employing an experiment-based optimisation technique (thermo-chemical approach), which involved the design of an experimental regime and application of experimental tests (pH measurements, thermogravimetric and derivative thermogravimetric analysis—TG/DTG and isothermal calorimetry), establishment of design variable/parameters, measurement of the design performance of the identified design parameters, and review of the relationship between the independent (control) and dependent variables (MgO wastes and their compositions). The experimental test results successfully optimised the binder compositions, established the best performing binder system (MG1), and provided an in-depth insight into the thermal stability and hydration kinetics of the investigated binder systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Engineering: Green Composite Material and Biodiesel from Wastes)
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