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Impact of Agricultural Land Use, Economic Growth and Trade on Greenhouse Gas Emissions

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Economic and Business Aspects of Sustainability".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 April 2023) | Viewed by 9556

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Azad Haider

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Business Administration and Finance, Coral Estate, Rif St. Marie La Puerta Business Center, Global Humanistic University, Curacao, The Netherlands
Interests: energy, environmental and climate change issues related to economics and public policy; climate change mitigation; low-carbon urban development; carbon prices; environmental impact assessment; renewable sources of energy; climate change and health modelling; agricultural sustainability; econometrics modelling related to sustainable energy; sustainable development; economic policy analysis; environmental sciences related to agriculture and land-use; macroeconomics; economics of immigration; labour economics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Greenhouse gas emissions emanate from different types of economic activities ranging from agricultural land use to international trade, and are critical to sustainable development. Land use practices in agriculture and forestry account for approximately one-third of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions that warm the atmosphere. The emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) such as carbon dioxide (CO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), and nitrous oxide (N2O) have increased significantly in agrarian economies through the extensive adoption of highly intensive production systems in livestock and crop farming. In some countries, these can account for more than 80 percent of GHG emissions from agriculture. There is an increasing concern not just with carbon dioxide but also with the growth of agricultural emissions of other gases such as methane, nitrous oxide, and ammonia arising from crop and livestock production. Sustainable land management may offer a powerful means of reducing emissions and mitigating climate change while at the same time avoiding the cascading impacts of climate change on biodiversity, ecosystem function, human health, and economic well-being. Economic growth also spurs GHGs emissions and the environmental Kuznets curve establishes a hypothetical inverted U-shaped link between economic growth and environmental degradation. However, irrespective of the development level, all countries are committed to combating global warming. This creates the issue of sustainable development because to attain a certain level of economic growth and sustainable development is threatened by the controversial issues of the environment.  Likewise, for the implementation of effective and efficient environmental control policies, it is critical to understand how economic expansion and environmental degradation are linked. Attaining climate mitigation goals through management of land, economic growth, and trade may involve co-benefits by reducing land degradation, desertification, and energy consumption. This Special Issue seeks manuscripts that explore sustainability questions based on efficient and sustainable land use, sustainable economic growth, and environmentally friendly trade openness to advance our understanding of how these factors which have been fundamental to driving the climate crisis may also be essential to solving it. 

Prof. Dr. Azad Haider
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • land-use change
  • climate change
  • greenhouse gas emissions (nitrous oxide, methane, ammonia, etc.)
  • economic growth
  • trade
  • agriculture
  • forest

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 1091 KiB  
Article
The Nexus between GHGs Emissions and Clean Growth: Empirical Evidence from Canadian Provinces
by Azad Haider, Wimal Rankaduwa, Farzana Shaheen and Sunila Jabeen
Sustainability 2023, 15(3), 2218; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su15032218 - 25 Jan 2023
Viewed by 898
Abstract
Canada is one of the most emission-intensive economies in the world and the big challenge for Canada and its provinces is in how to mitigate the GHGs while keeping the same pace of economic growth. This paper’s main objective is to examine the [...] Read more.
Canada is one of the most emission-intensive economies in the world and the big challenge for Canada and its provinces is in how to mitigate the GHGs while keeping the same pace of economic growth. This paper’s main objective is to examine the relationship between greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions and clean growth using cross-sectional data for Canadian provinces from 1995 to 2019. Based on the results of the cross-sectional dependence, slope heterogeneity, and Hausman test, the study applied the pooled mean group (PMG) estimators. For the robustness of the results, the study also provided the results of augmented mean group (AMG) estimators. The results of Westerlund’s test show that the variables of the estimated models are cointegrated in the long run except in the case of the carbon intensity (GHGs/Energy) model, while no short-run relationship was observed. The main findings of both estimators show that an inverted U-shaped relationship exists in the case of the carbon intensity model. In contrast, as expected, a U-shaped relationship exists in the case of the energy intensity model. The results also confirmed that Canada reduced its GHGs emissions after 2005 and that GHGs emissions and energy intensity are decreasing over time. At the province level, only Alberta has no long-run relationship as regards carbon intensity and energy intensity, while Nova Scotia and British Colombia have no long-run relationship as regards energy intensity. In terms of tipping points, Canada is in the increasing phase of the inverted U-shaped curve in the case of carbon intensity, while in the decreasing phase of the U-shaped curve in the case of energy intensity. There is a significant decrease in greenhouse gas emissions per capita at the provincial level compared to the 2005 base levels. It is imperative to reduce greenhouse gas emissions per capita in Canada and its provinces over time by gradually rolling out energy-saving incentives rather than by using more efficient energy-saving technology. The government of Canada should shift towards low-carbon energy and renewable sources which emit fewer greenhouse gases per unit of energy produced. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Agricultural Land Use, Economic Growth and Trade on Greenhouse Gas Emissions)
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23 pages, 2859 KiB  
Article
Nexus between Agricultural Land Use, Economic Growth and N2O Emissions in Canada: Is There an Environmental Kuznets Curve?
by Azad Haider, Wimal Rankaduwa, Muhammad Iftikhar ul Husnain and Farzana Shaheen
Sustainability 2022, 14(14), 8806; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su14148806 - 19 Jul 2022
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 1666
Abstract
The present study investigates the relationship between nitrous oxide emissions and economic growth using the ARDL bounds testing approach in Canada over the period of 1970–2020. The agricultural land use and exports are included in the estimated models as additional control variables. The [...] Read more.
The present study investigates the relationship between nitrous oxide emissions and economic growth using the ARDL bounds testing approach in Canada over the period of 1970–2020. The agricultural land use and exports are included in the estimated models as additional control variables. The empirical findings confirmed the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis when total N2O emissions are used as a dependent variable in the case of Canada, and similar results are found when we used agricultural induced N2O emissions as a dependent variable. The results also indicate that Canada is already in the decreasing segment of the Kuznets curve, and the turning point of GDP per capita for the total N2O emissions is $41,718, while for agricultural induced N2O emissions, it is $38,825. Our empirical evidence confirms that agricultural land use had a positive and significant effect on total N2O emissions, while a negative but insignificant effect in the case of agricultural induced N2O emissions. However, Canadian exports are negatively associated with total N2O emissions as well as agricultural induced N2O emissions, but it requires more stringent laws to curb N2O emissions-oriented exports to keep the ecosystem in balance in the short-run and intends to meet its long-term target of reducing emissions as it progresses towards Canada’s 2050 net-zero ambition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Agricultural Land Use, Economic Growth and Trade on Greenhouse Gas Emissions)
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25 pages, 1033 KiB  
Article
Towards the Sustainable Development Goal of Zero Hunger: What Role Do Institutions Play?
by Jalini Kaushalya Galabada
Sustainability 2022, 14(8), 4598; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su14084598 - 12 Apr 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3969
Abstract
Empirical research has aimed to substantiate the institution–food security nexus. However, institutional literature has largely overlooked the relationship between institutions and the sustainable development goal of zero hunger (SDG2). SDG2 is a multidimensional goal that extends beyond food security and requires comprehensive investigation. [...] Read more.
Empirical research has aimed to substantiate the institution–food security nexus. However, institutional literature has largely overlooked the relationship between institutions and the sustainable development goal of zero hunger (SDG2). SDG2 is a multidimensional goal that extends beyond food security and requires comprehensive investigation. Therefore, this study explored the role of institutions in promoting SDG2 achievement using a panel dataset spanning 108 countries from 2000 to 2019. The institutional impact was evaluated using worldwide governance indicators, and the International Country Risk Guide (ICRG)’s political risk ratings. Simultaneous equation modeling was used as the estimation technique. According to the results, institutions showed a positive and highly significant association with SDG2 performance. All the dimensions of good governance promoted SDG2 performance. Except for maintaining law and order, all other dimensions of political risk indicators were found to improve SDG2 performance. This study also discovered significant evidence that voice and accountability, as well as the settlement and the prevention of conflicts, had the most substantial influences on SDG2 achievement. In developing countries, improving both the quality of governance and political stability had a comparatively higher impact on SDG2 performance than in developed countries. Furthermore, institutions showed a significant mediating impact on SDG2 performance via agricultural productivity and economic growth. Based on these findings, this study concluded that the pursuit of good governance and inclusive institutions could be instrumental in achieving SDG2. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Agricultural Land Use, Economic Growth and Trade on Greenhouse Gas Emissions)
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19 pages, 3285 KiB  
Article
The Fallow Period Plays an Important Role in Annual CH4 Emission in a Rice Paddy in Southern Brazil
by Cristiano Maboni, Tiago Bremm, Leonardo José Gonçalves Aguiar, Walkyria Bueno Scivittaro, Vanessa de Arruda Souza, Hans Rogério Zimermann, Claudio Alberto Teichrieb, Pablo Eli Soares de Oliveira, Dirceu Luis Herdies, Gervásio Annes Degrazia and Débora Regina Roberti
Sustainability 2021, 13(20), 11336; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su132011336 - 14 Oct 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1921
Abstract
Paddy fields are significant anthropogenic sources of methane (CH4) emissions. In southern Brazil, rice is grown in lowland flooded areas once a year, followed by a long fallow period. This study aimed to measure CH4 fluxes in a rice paddy [...] Read more.
Paddy fields are significant anthropogenic sources of methane (CH4) emissions. In southern Brazil, rice is grown in lowland flooded areas once a year, followed by a long fallow period. This study aimed to measure CH4 fluxes in a rice paddy field in southern Brazil during the rice-growing season of 2015/2016 and the following fallow period. The fluxes were estimated using the eddy covariance (EC) technique and soil chamber (SC). Diurnal and seasonal variations of CH4 fluxes and potential meteorological drivers were analyzed. The CH4 fluxes showed distinct diurnal variations in each analyzed subperiod (vegetative, reproductive, pre-harvest, no rice, and land preparation), characterized by a single-peak diurnal pattern. The variables that most influenced methane emissions were air and surface temperatures. In the growing season, the rice vegetative stage was responsible for most of the measured emissions. The accumulated annual emission estimated was 44.88 g CH4 m−2 y−1, being 64% (28.50 g CH4 m−2) due to the rice-growing season and 36% (16.38 g CH4 m−2) due to the fallow period. These results show the importance of including fallow periods in strategies to mitigate methane emissions in flood irrigated rice-growing areas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Agricultural Land Use, Economic Growth and Trade on Greenhouse Gas Emissions)
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