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Sustainability and Health as Trends in Consumer Behaviour

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Health, Well-Being and Sustainability".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2021) | Viewed by 22960

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 47/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
Interests: consumer choice behavior; healthy and sustainable diet; nutrition labeling; plant-based products; sensory science

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Guest Editor
Chair of Marketing and Consumer Research, TUM School of Management, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
Interests: consumer perception and willingness to pay for healthy foods; behavioral perspectives on consumer choice

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recently, in the food sector, consumer behavior has been increasingly influenced by two prominent trends: health and sustainability. Both trends are multidimensional and encompass different aspects of what consumers perceive as “healthy” or “sustainable”. Moreover, both trends have the power to impact consumer attitudes, product choices, acceptance, and the willingness to pay for healthy and sustainable foods. Although modern consumers can make informed decisions about the quality and quantity of food that are best when it comes to healthy behaviors, an increase in diet-related health problems has been recorded in recent years. As a result of these concerns, a better understanding of consumer decision-making when dealing with food and health issues is crucial. On the other hand, an interest in sustainable development—which integrates environmental, social, and economic perspectives—has been ever on the increase. Consumers are increasingly paying attention to such aspects of food consumption as the environmental impact of food production, carbon footprints, food miles, alternative sources of proteins for food and feed, animal welfare, regionality, and the traditional nature of what we produce and consume.

Therefore, food producers, retailers, food services, and other stakeholders need to innovate and develop new strategies to meet these new consumer needs.

Consumer researchers, including social and psychological scientists, behavioral economists, and sensory and food scientists, can contribute by investigating consumer decision-making with regard to healthy and sustainable diets.

This Special Issue invites the submission of manuscripts (both original and review articles) on the following topics:

  • Consumer behavior with regard to new products for a sustainable and healthy diet, including novel and functional foods, alternative protein sources such as plant-based alternatives to meat and dairy food, insects, and lab meat.
  • Interventions and policies to improve dietary intake and promote healthy eating behaviors, including communication about such nutrition- and health-related claims, Nutri-score, and traffic-light labeling.
  • Interventions and policies to promote a sustainable diet, including environmental and ethical labels such as organic and sustainable certification, fair trade, and animal welfare.

Dr. Giovanni Sogari
Dr. Irina Dolgopolova
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Consumer food choice and segmentation
  • Consumer decision-making
  • Consumer information and nudging
  • Consumer perception and acceptance
  • Food marketing
  • Food product labeling
  • Healthy and sustainable diet
  • Purchase intention
  • Sensory evaluation and affective testing
  • Willingness to pay
  • Food policy
  • Cross-cultural studies

Published Papers (8 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 6065 KiB  
Article
Different Shades of Nudges: Moderating Effects of Individual Characteristics and States on the Effectiveness of Nudges during a Fast-Food Order
by Irina Dolgopolova, Alessia Toscano and Jutta Roosen
Sustainability 2021, 13(23), 13347; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su132313347 - 02 Dec 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2802
Abstract
Nudges, or subtle changes to a choice environment, are increasingly used in online food ordering platforms to improve dietary choices and reduce calorie intake. We report the results of an experiment aimed at nudging young adults to reduce calories in a fast-food order [...] Read more.
Nudges, or subtle changes to a choice environment, are increasingly used in online food ordering platforms to improve dietary choices and reduce calorie intake. We report the results of an experiment aimed at nudging young adults to reduce calories in a fast-food order (N = 994). The nudging interventions used were: an order assistant, a color-coded system, and a combination of the order assistant and color-coded system. We hypothesized that participants’ characteristics (sex, BMI, education) and states (positive affect, negative affect, hunger) moderate the effectiveness of nudges. Our analysis shows that the effect of nudges is slightly increasing at higher BMI levels. In the combined treatment, hunger and negative affect significantly moderate the effect of nudges. We do not observe the moderating effects of participants’ sex, educational level, and positive affect in any of the treatments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability and Health as Trends in Consumer Behaviour)
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13 pages, 2604 KiB  
Article
Assessing Parental Preferences Regarding a Plant-Based Game for Educating Children about More Sustainable and Healthier Diets
by Pilar Uldemolins and Tiziana de Magistris
Sustainability 2021, 13(23), 12970; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su132312970 - 23 Nov 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1608
Abstract
Environmental damage or health concerns related to diet are some alarming consequences of our behaviour in the near future. Consumers can make a difference depending on their eating behaviour and conscientiousness about minimizing environmental damage. One way to make children more aware of [...] Read more.
Environmental damage or health concerns related to diet are some alarming consequences of our behaviour in the near future. Consumers can make a difference depending on their eating behaviour and conscientiousness about minimizing environmental damage. One way to make children more aware of the environment and induce them to eat healthier food in the future might be educational games where they could learn the importance of the environment and the effect of the food they eat on their health status. In this study, we investigated parental behaviour when feeding their children and their willingness to pay for a game product with educational and eating functions. The sample consisted of 300 parents of children aged from 4 to 12. A hypothetical choice experiment has been used and a latent class model estimated the parents’ preferences for a plant-based product game carrying two attributes, namely, the price and narrative context of the game The results indicated that parents were willing to pay more for a product with a storybook related to healthy eating habits or recycling than one with no storybook. Moreover, two dominant feeding styles in households were found: indulgent parents and uninvolved parents. This alternative approach is oriented toward educating people from the early stages of their lives, creating a favourable environment for the development of preferences for healthier food. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability and Health as Trends in Consumer Behaviour)
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15 pages, 1488 KiB  
Article
Is Nut Consumption Related to a Sustainable Diet? A Pilot Study on Italian Male Consumers
by Elisabetta Toti, Giovanni Sogari, Anna Raguzzini, Luca Massaro and Ilaria Peluso
Sustainability 2021, 13(21), 12292; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su132112292 - 07 Nov 2021
Viewed by 2001
Abstract
(1) Background: In recent years, the EAT-Lancet Commission has suggested the inclusion of nuts among proteins from vegetable sources, but this inclusion would imply a higher consumption of nuts compared with a healthy Mediterranean diet. (2) Objective: In this work, we sought to [...] Read more.
(1) Background: In recent years, the EAT-Lancet Commission has suggested the inclusion of nuts among proteins from vegetable sources, but this inclusion would imply a higher consumption of nuts compared with a healthy Mediterranean diet. (2) Objective: In this work, we sought to provide a comparison between the macronutrient intakes and environmental impacts of two different types of diet: a diet including nuts and a diet without nuts. (3) Methods: In this pilot study, we recruited 89 Italians divided into two groups: nut consumers (44 individuals) and non-consumers (45 individuals). Food consumption was monitored by a seven-day diary, while the Mediterranean diet scores, habitual physical activity scores, and orthorexia nervosa scores were evaluated through standardized questionnaires. (4) Results: We found that nut consumers had higher physical activity and energy intake levels. High consumption of fat (p < 0.001) and protein (p < 0.001) was observed among nut consumers compared with the levels observed among non-consumers. Moreover, a higher environmental impact of total dietary intake was observed among nut consumers, in terms of carbon (p < 0.05) and land (p < 0.05) footprints; impacts on the water footprint was almost significant (p = 0.06). (5) Conclusions: We suggest that, among plant food proteins, the consumption of complementary proteins from legumes and cereals should be preferred to the consumption of proteins from nuts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability and Health as Trends in Consumer Behaviour)
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20 pages, 896 KiB  
Article
Consumer Perception of the Circular Economy Concept Applied to the Food Domain: An Exploratory Approach
by Pedro Manuel Sousa, Maria João Moreira, Ana Pinto de Moura, Rui Costa Lima and Luís Miguel Cunha
Sustainability 2021, 13(20), 11340; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su132011340 - 14 Oct 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3633
Abstract
Every year, agri-food industries in industrialised countries produce approximately 1.3 billion tonnes of food loss and waste. The adoption of a circular economy policy has received special attention by the agri-food industries, allowing for the creation and development of new food products made [...] Read more.
Every year, agri-food industries in industrialised countries produce approximately 1.3 billion tonnes of food loss and waste. The adoption of a circular economy policy has received special attention by the agri-food industries, allowing for the creation and development of new food products made of by-products that would otherwise be wasted or used for secondary applications. The present work, of an exploratory nature, aims to assess how consumers conceptualise the circular economy in order to identify consumer recognition of the use of by-products from the food industry to upcycle food products and to evaluate attitudes towards the circular economy. To this end, a mixed-methodology was applied to 340 participants. The first part was qualitative and used free word association to evaluate consumers’ conceptualisation of the circular economy and use of by-products as foods. Data were analysed by grouping the responses into exclusive and exhaustive categories and a correspondence analysis was also performed to originate perceptual maps. Additionally, a questionnaire was designed to evaluate major concepts and attitudes correlated with the circular economy. Data were reduced by principal component analysis (PCA) and participants grouped through clustering. Results showed that consumers understand circular economy as related mainly into Sustainability, Economy, and Circularity dimensions. Participants had great difficulty identifying the by-products used as foods or as food ingredients. From the quantitative data, four groups were identified based on the associations to the six principal components originated by the PCA. However, the results highlighted a very low association with all clusters of the Food Valorisation dimension within the concept of the circular economy, and also a lack of a clear understanding of consumers’ attitudes towards food products from the circular economy. Greater promotion and dissemination by the competent entities aimed at the general public may contribute towards greater integration, participation and acceptance of the circular economy concept for the upscaling of food by-products. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability and Health as Trends in Consumer Behaviour)
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23 pages, 1127 KiB  
Article
Emerging Consumer Healthy Lifestyles in Lithuania
by Agnė Gadeikienė, Laura Šalčiuvienė, Jūratė Banytė, Aistė Dovalienė, Mindaugas Kavaliauskas and Žaneta Piligrimienė
Sustainability 2021, 13(18), 10056; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su131810056 - 08 Sep 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2520
Abstract
Consumer lifestyle is considered one of the important predictors of sustainable consumption behavior at the individual, community and societal levels. In this paper, the healthy lifestyle of consumers is analyzed and defined as the lifestyle that explains how people live in terms of [...] Read more.
Consumer lifestyle is considered one of the important predictors of sustainable consumption behavior at the individual, community and societal levels. In this paper, the healthy lifestyle of consumers is analyzed and defined as the lifestyle that explains how people live in terms of health. This study focuses on consumers’ healthy lifestyle clusters and offers an updated healthy lifestyle measurement tool that can be used to segment consumers into specific segments according to six healthy lifestyle domains: physical, mental, emotional, social, spiritual and intellectual health. An online survey with 645 respondents of different socio-demographic profiles was conducted in Lithuania. Based on data collected through questionnaires, specific segments were identified using self-organizing maps and cluster analysis methods. The findings suggest that four different segments could represent consumers concerning their healthy lifestyles. The results will be of use to companies initiating marketing campaigns to target different consumer groups with their brands and offering healthy lifestyle-related products and services to consumers in Lithuania. The findings are also valuable for public policymakers and opinion leaders who foster healthy lifestyles and seek to form a public opinion regarding sustainable consumption. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability and Health as Trends in Consumer Behaviour)
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16 pages, 445 KiB  
Article
Analysing Clusters of Consumers Who Use Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Products
by Roxana-Larisa Cadar, Antonio Amuza, Diana Elena Dumitras, Mihaela Mihai and Cristina Bianca Pocol
Sustainability 2021, 13(15), 8648; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su13158648 - 03 Aug 2021
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 2457
Abstract
The trend towards health and environmental protection has led to an increase in the consumption of medicinal and aromatic plant (MAP) products. The market for MAP products is influenced by consumer behaviour and therefore the aim of this study was to identify consumer [...] Read more.
The trend towards health and environmental protection has led to an increase in the consumption of medicinal and aromatic plant (MAP) products. The market for MAP products is influenced by consumer behaviour and therefore the aim of this study was to identify consumer segments that use MAP products for phytotherapeutic, cosmetic and personal care purposes according to their perceptions, attitudes and consumption habits and possible correlations between consumption of MAP products and interest in a healthy lifestyle and sustainable behaviour. Data collection was performed by administering a questionnaire to Cluj-Napoca residents. The final sample consisted of two groups of MAP consumers: the first with 231 respondents who use these products for phytotherapeutic purposes, the second group—with 297 respondents who use them as cosmetic and personal care products. The collected data were statistically analysed using the k-means clustering model, resulting in two distinct clusters in both consumer groups: cluster 1, the “Curious”, and Cluster 2, the “Knowledgeable”. For the consumers of the second cluster, consumption was positively correlated with healthcare and environmental protection, while they exhibited a growing interest in environmentally certified MAP products. The results obtained contribute to a better understanding of the MAP products consumption behaviour while tackling the practical implications for stakeholders in the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industry through the development and innovation of products tailored to consumer needs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability and Health as Trends in Consumer Behaviour)
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17 pages, 2863 KiB  
Article
Longitudinal Effects of Dietary Advice on Wheelchair Basketball Athletes: Nutritional and Environmental Aspects
by Elisabetta Toti, Anna Raguzzini, Anna Lucia Fedullo, Valentina Cavedon, Chiara Milanese, Marco Bernardi, Bianca Maria Mariani, Luca Massaro, Francesco Mellara, Tommaso Sciarra and Ilaria Peluso
Sustainability 2021, 13(9), 5244; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su13095244 - 07 May 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2438
Abstract
Background: Diet impacts both human and environmental health and must be designed to optimize the training and performance of athletes. The aim of this study was to quantify the effect of dietary advice (DA) on the food intake of wheelchair basketball athletes (WBA) [...] Read more.
Background: Diet impacts both human and environmental health and must be designed to optimize the training and performance of athletes. The aim of this study was to quantify the effect of dietary advice (DA) on the food intake of wheelchair basketball athletes (WBA) and the environmental impact longitudinally. Methods: DA were provided to WBA of the Italian national team (DAM-T1). Nutritional assessment and evaluation of the environmental impact of diet were performed two months (DAM-T2) and one year later (DAM-T3), when a post-COVID-19 survey was performed also in WBA who did not receive counselling (men: NDAM-T3, women: NDAW-T3). Results: After DA, WBA showed a reduced percentage of energy derived from sugars and fats. Athletes adjusted their protein intake according to the personalized recommendations. The intake of some micronutrients improved after DA and was higher compared to NDAM-T3 and NDAW-T3. Despite the lower impact of diet in NDAW-T3, they presented more nutritional deficiency than men. The mean intake of vegetables was in the range of the EAT-Lancet Commission suggestion only two months after DA. After DA, fiber intake increased and adapted to the tolerated level. Conclusions: WBA improved their diet after DA but did not comply with the EAT-Lancet suggestion for red meat and legumes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability and Health as Trends in Consumer Behaviour)
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Review

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15 pages, 830 KiB  
Review
The Need for A Multidisciplinary Approach to Face Challenges Related to Food, Health, and Sustainability: The Contribution of CRC I-WE
by Daniela Martini, Giada Ragone, Francesco Cazzini, Federica Cheli, Giulia Formici, Caterina A. M. La Porta, Luciano Pinotti, Livia Pomodoro, Patrizia Restani, Lucia Scaffardi, Gabriella Tedeschi, Patrizia Riso and Lorenza Violini
Sustainability 2021, 13(24), 13720; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su132413720 - 13 Dec 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3235
Abstract
The importance of the impact of the food system not only on human health but also on planet health is gaining growing attention, and there is now an urgent call to action for developing multi-stakeholder strategies able to end poverty and maintain prosperity [...] Read more.
The importance of the impact of the food system not only on human health but also on planet health is gaining growing attention, and there is now an urgent call to action for developing multi-stakeholder strategies able to end poverty and maintain prosperity and health for people and for the planet. To provide a better understanding of the complex relationships between food, well-being and environment, it is pivotal to generate multidisciplinary knowledge on the promotion of human well-being in relation to multiple interconnected factors such as diet and nutrition, environment, economic, social, and legal aspects. Based on these premises, the present paper aims at describing the proposed role of the Joint Research Center “Innovation for Well-Being and Environment” (CRC I-WE) that was brought to light in 2019 with a strong interdisciplinary nature at the University of Milan, Italy. In 2021, the Center hosted its first annual conference aimed at identifying case studies from the food, health, and sustainability fields particularly deserving an interdisciplinary approach, and which may provide the basis for opening a wider discussion with the scientific community. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability and Health as Trends in Consumer Behaviour)
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