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Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Hospitality and Tourism Industry

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Tourism, Culture, and Heritage".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2021) | Viewed by 129963

Special Issue Editor

College of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Sejong University 98 Gunja-Dong, Gwanjin-Gu, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea
Interests: hospitality and tourism marketing (e.g., physical environments, emotions, hedonic and utilitarian value, quality assurance (food, service, and atmosphere), image, application of marketing theory); research methodology and statistical applications
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Today, people all over the world are dealing with the Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic in their working and daily lives. The Covid-19 crisis has brought extraordinary challenges for consumers, firms, and politicians. Although this pandemic is affecting a variety of industries, its impact on the hospitality and tourism industry is critically important.

The aim of this Special Issue is to examine the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the hospitality and tourism industry and on hospitality and tourism marketing.

Articles dealing with Covid-19 effects on hospitality and tourism industry and marketing, perceived value, customer satisfaction, behavioral intentions, theory/models development, law/politics, and crisis management are welcome. The guest editor encourages studies based on various quantitative and qualitative methodological approaches, comprising but not limited to, surveys, experimental designs, case studies, interviews, reviews, and big data analyses. 

Topics of interest include but not limited to the following:

  • Covid-19
  • Hospitality and tourism industry (e.g., restaurant, hotel, airline, cruise, convention, resort)
  • Hospitality and tourism marketing
  • Perceived value
  • Customer satisfaction
  • Behavioral intentions
  • Application of theory
  • Theory/model development
  • Law/politics
  • Crisis management

Prof. Dr. Kisang Ryu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (17 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 842 KiB  
Article
Forecasting the Impact of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on International Tourist Arrivals to Langkawi, Malaysia: A PostCOVID-19 Future
by Hasrina Mustafa, Fahri Ahmed, Waffa Wahida Zainol and Azlizan Mat Enh
Sustainability 2021, 13(23), 13372; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su132313372 - 02 Dec 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3858
Abstract
This research first aims to forecast tourist arrivals to Langkawi, Malaysia from its top three source markets, namely, China, Saudi Arabia, and the United Kingdom, between 2020 and 2022. Using the annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth of those three countries, the study [...] Read more.
This research first aims to forecast tourist arrivals to Langkawi, Malaysia from its top three source markets, namely, China, Saudi Arabia, and the United Kingdom, between 2020 and 2022. Using the annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth of those three countries, the study seeks to investigate the impact of GDP on tourist arrivals from these countries to Langkawi in the context of post-COVID-19 scenarios. The study uses expert modelers, namely, ARIMA models and Holt’s linear models, to find the best fit model. Then, linear regression analysis was conducted to assess the impact of GDP on tourist arrivals in Langkawi from the said three countries. The results from the Holt linear model predicted a significant increase in the number of tourist arrivals from China and Saudi Arabia from 2020–2022. In contrast, the number of forecasted tourist arrivals from the United Kingdom would be on a decreasing trend from 2020–2022. It is also predicted that GDP growth will influence the tourist arrival trends from China and Saudi Arabia, but not for UK tourists. In other words, a speedy rate of recovery in the number of tourists from the UK to Langkawi is forecasted for once international travel restrictions are lifted, as the world eases into the post-pandemic period. Full article
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11 pages, 466 KiB  
Article
Understanding Consumer Travel Behavior during COVID-19
by Xianglan Chen, Yachao Duan, Laiba Ali, Yahui Duan and Kisang Ryu
Sustainability 2021, 13(23), 13330; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su132313330 - 01 Dec 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4741
Abstract
Since the COVID-19 outbreak worldwide, the global tourism industry has taken a severe hit. To fully understand the impact of the pandemic on tourists’ travel behavior, an intercultural survey was carried out through a large-scale online questionnaire. This survey aims to determine whether [...] Read more.
Since the COVID-19 outbreak worldwide, the global tourism industry has taken a severe hit. To fully understand the impact of the pandemic on tourists’ travel behavior, an intercultural survey was carried out through a large-scale online questionnaire. This survey aims to determine whether cultural differences and different ages might play a role in tourists’ behavior during the COVID-19. Data collected from 942 respondents from mainland China and overseas through different age groups were subjected to data analysis. The results demonstrate cognition and consumer behavior differentiate culturally and significantly between different ages, which is highlighted when they choose travel modes, transportation, and companions. The implications of the study are also provided in the end. Full article
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18 pages, 4286 KiB  
Article
Personality Traits That Affect Travel Intentions during Pandemic COVID-19: The Case Study of Serbia
by Jelena Tepavčević, Ivana Blešić, Marko D. Petrović, Svetlana Vukosav, Milan Bradić, Vuk Garača, Tamara Gajić and Dobrila Lukić
Sustainability 2021, 13(22), 12845; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su132212845 - 19 Nov 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3353
Abstract
The pandemic caused by COVID-19 has enormous effects on peoples’ lives and on the global economy. The outbreak and effects of COVID-19 have resulted in fears, concerns, and anxiety among people all around the world. The aim of this study is to investigate [...] Read more.
The pandemic caused by COVID-19 has enormous effects on peoples’ lives and on the global economy. The outbreak and effects of COVID-19 have resulted in fears, concerns, and anxiety among people all around the world. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the fear of COVID-19, travel anxiety, and travel intention among residents in Serbia. In addition to the above, the aim of the study was to examine the impact of personality traits on the fear of COVID-19, travel anxiety, and travel intentions. To enhance the understanding of the relationship between the mentioned variables, this study proposes a research model based on the use of measurement scales from the existing studies to develop the questionnaire. The standard paper-and-pen survey was used for data collection from the respondents from Serbia. The total sample include 987 respondents. It was determined that Travel intention was negatively influenced by Neuroticism and Conscientiousness, but positively by Extroversion and Openness. The supposed Agreeableness did not have a significant effect on Travel intention. This study contributes to understanding the respondents’ behavior during pandemic of COVID-19, and their responses to the crisis according to their personality traits might have practical implications in the travel sector. Full article
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22 pages, 817 KiB  
Article
Corporate Governance Structure and Performance in the Tourism Industry in the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Empirical Study of Chinese Listed Companies in China
by Shanyue Jin, Yuying Gao and Shufeng (Simon) Xiao
Sustainability 2021, 13(21), 11722; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su132111722 - 23 Oct 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3246
Abstract
All industries around the world have been greatly impacted by the 2019 COVID-19 outbreak. China’s tourism market was almost suspended. Tourism enterprises generally face difficulties in the form of low capital turnover and increased operating pressure, and the overall tourism industry is showing [...] Read more.
All industries around the world have been greatly impacted by the 2019 COVID-19 outbreak. China’s tourism market was almost suspended. Tourism enterprises generally face difficulties in the form of low capital turnover and increased operating pressure, and the overall tourism industry is showing a downturn in its development. In this study, we construct a quasi-natural experiment with the COVID-19 pandemic in public health emergencies using a propensity score matching difference in differences model (PSM-DID) to match the treatment group of tourism enterprises and the control group of non-tourism enterprises. We empirically test that the COVID-19 pandemic has produced a more severe impact on the performance of tourism enterprises than other industries. Further analysis shows that given different enterprise equity natures, the characteristics of the board, supervision, and executive salary incentive levels, the COVID-19 pandemic has a heterogeneous impact on the operating performance of tourism enterprises. Full article
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17 pages, 1516 KiB  
Article
Time Series Modeling Analysis of the Development and Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Spa Tourism in Slovakia
by Anna Šenková, Martina Košíková, Daniela Matušíková, Kristína Šambronská, Ivana Kravčáková Vozárová and Rastislav Kotulič
Sustainability 2021, 13(20), 11476; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su132011476 - 17 Oct 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2629
Abstract
Natural healing resources in the form of mineral and thermal waters and climatic conditions, together with a rich history and modern medical procedures, rank Slovakia among the important European countries in the field of spas. At the same time, spa tourism has a [...] Read more.
Natural healing resources in the form of mineral and thermal waters and climatic conditions, together with a rich history and modern medical procedures, rank Slovakia among the important European countries in the field of spas. At the same time, spa tourism has a significant economic benefit for the country. This study examined the impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on spa tourism in Slovakia. The Box-Jenkins methodology was used to model and forecast the time series for selected indicators. The analysis used monthly data on the capacity and performance of spa facilities for 2006–2019 and compared the forecast development for 2020–2021 with the reality as affected by the pandemic. Despite the high quality of the models, the methodology used did not take into account an unexpected event such as a pandemic. Therefore, the models were quite inaccurate and had little predictive value. At the same time, it is clear that the pandemic significantly affected spa tourism. Full article
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15 pages, 9228 KiB  
Article
Examining Image Congruence and Its Consequences in the Context of Robotic Coffee Shops
by Heather Markham Kim and Kisang Ryu
Sustainability 2021, 13(20), 11413; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su132011413 - 15 Oct 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2731
Abstract
This study aimed to find the role of image congruence in the context of robotic coffee shops. More specifically, this study proposed that three types of image congruence including actual self-image congruence, ideal self-image congruence, and social self-image congruence aid to increase brand [...] Read more.
This study aimed to find the role of image congruence in the context of robotic coffee shops. More specifically, this study proposed that three types of image congruence including actual self-image congruence, ideal self-image congruence, and social self-image congruence aid to increase brand attitude. In addition, it was proposed that brand attitude positively affects brand attachment and brand loyalty. For this, this study collected data from 325 customers who used robotic coffee shops. The data analysis results indicated that the three types of image congruence have a positive influence on brand attitude. In addition, brand attitude was found to be an important factor affecting brand attachment and brand loyalty. Full article
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16 pages, 598 KiB  
Article
Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting in the Casino Industry: A Content Analysis
by Heather Markham Kim, Kyuha Cho, Younggin Choi, Junghoon (Jay) Lee and Jinsoo Hwang
Sustainability 2021, 13(20), 11185; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su132011185 - 11 Oct 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3720
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to provide preliminary exploration of how corporate social responsibility issues are currently reported and communicated by US major casino companies. Empirical evidence is drawn from standalone CSR reports and websites of the 30 largest casino companies in [...] Read more.
The purpose of this study is to provide preliminary exploration of how corporate social responsibility issues are currently reported and communicated by US major casino companies. Empirical evidence is drawn from standalone CSR reports and websites of the 30 largest casino companies in the US, which is explored through content analysis methodology. This paper finds that there are substantial variations in the reporting and communication of CSR issues by casino companies. While casino companies mainly rely on websites to communicate CSR issues, 23% of the sample companies use standalone CSR reports. Whereas websites tend to provide relatively limited information about CSR activities, standalone CSR reports have a tendency to cover comprehensive CSR themes in a detailed manner. In addition, the content analysis based on website reveals that while most casino companies tend to be passive about responsible gaming, some are trying to behave more actively and responsibly about this issue. Full article
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28 pages, 1618 KiB  
Article
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Tourism Industry: Applying TRIZ and DEMATEL to Construct a Decision-Making Model
by Dong-Shang Chang and Wei-De Wu
Sustainability 2021, 13(14), 7610; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su13147610 - 07 Jul 2021
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 12500
Abstract
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the tourism industry is still being sustained, and the response of the tourism industry is an indispensable element that is increasingly recognized. This response has led to the emergence of literature about the impact of COVID-19 [...] Read more.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the tourism industry is still being sustained, and the response of the tourism industry is an indispensable element that is increasingly recognized. This response has led to the emergence of literature about the impact of COVID-19 on the stakeholders of the tourism industry, thereby contributing to the industry. Nonetheless, the criteria factors and investigated practices for the implementation of decision-making by stakeholders in the tourism industry have not been fully explored. This study adopts Teorija Rezhenija Izobre-tatelskikh Zadach (TRIZ) principles and Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) methods to construct a gap model of tourism stakeholders (GMTS) which solves the tourism industry decision-making problem under COVID-19. With a research background in Taiwan’s tourism industry stakeholders made up of 15 expert participants, GMTS identified 11 criteria factors, of which the three most important criteria factors provide decision-making directions. The causal relationship between these criteria factors was examined, and a causal diagram was drawn to clarify the most important criteria factors. This research examined the criteria factor implementation perspective. Travel “bubble zones” that ensure both “safety and quality” were concluded upon under government policies in the countries and regions of the world. Furthermore, the tourism industry is responsible for the overall “planning and management” of the travel “bubble zones”. Therefore, the “quality management” criteria factor provides important key decision-making for tourism stakeholders. The research indicates that it is recommended to attach importance to the “quality management” of the international travel “bubble zone” as the priority decision-making criteria factor under the pandemic. Furthermore, conversion policies and tourism regulations are secondary criteria factors for improvement; when these two criteria factors are immediately improved, other criteria factors will be affected simultaneously and the degree of improvement will be weakened. In addition, GMTS was developed for the tourism industry. The article also provides research literature and practice implications for stakeholders in the tourism industry, thereby providing insight for tourism to obtain a clear understanding of how to prepare for the implementation of sustainable development. Full article
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19 pages, 1099 KiB  
Article
CoVid Key Figures and New Challenges in the HoReCa Sector: The Way towards a New Supply-Chain
by Miguel-Ángel García-Madurga, Miguel-Ángel Esteban-Navarro and Tamara Morte-Nadal
Sustainability 2021, 13(12), 6884; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su13126884 - 18 Jun 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 5925
Abstract
The profound impact of the coronavirus pandemic on global tourism activity and the hospitality industry has rendered statistical approaches on tourism-demand forecasting obsolete. Furthermore, literature review shows the absence of studies on the supply chain in the HoReCa (hotel, restaurant, catering) sector from [...] Read more.
The profound impact of the coronavirus pandemic on global tourism activity and the hospitality industry has rendered statistical approaches on tourism-demand forecasting obsolete. Furthermore, literature review shows the absence of studies on the supply chain in the HoReCa (hotel, restaurant, catering) sector from a sustainability perspective that also addresses economic and social aspects, and not only environmental ones. In this context, the objective of this article is to carry out a prospective analysis on how the changes in the behaviour of consumers during the pandemic and the uncertainties regarding the exit from the health emergency can give rise to social trends with a high impact on the HoReCa sector in the coming years and, specifically, how they will affect the HoReCa supply chain. In the absence of investigations due to the proximity of what has happened, public sources and reports of international relevance have been identified and analysed from the future studies and strategic and competitive intelligence disciplines. The HoReCa sector in Spain has been chosen as field of observation. This analysis draws the future of the HoReCa sector, describes the changes in customer behaviour regarding food and beverages, explains the changes in distribution chains, and reflects on the impact of potential scenarios on the sector. The confluence of all these changes and trends can even configure a new supply chain in the hospitality sector with the emergence of new actors and the increase of access routes to a new final customer for whom security prevails in all its dimensions: physical, emotional, economic, and digital. Full article
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14 pages, 1049 KiB  
Article
Employee Service Quality at Uzbekistani Halal Restaurants Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic
by Zoirova Shokhsanam and Young-joo Ahn
Sustainability 2021, 13(10), 5712; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su13105712 - 19 May 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4041
Abstract
In this study, we examined the employee service dimensions which are associated with satisfaction and customers’ intention to revisit among Uzbekistani customers who visit halal restaurants in Korea. We also investigated the situational factor of the pandemic outbreak and the moderating role of [...] Read more.
In this study, we examined the employee service dimensions which are associated with satisfaction and customers’ intention to revisit among Uzbekistani customers who visit halal restaurants in Korea. We also investigated the situational factor of the pandemic outbreak and the moderating role of the restaurant locations. A total of 264 respondents participated. The results revealed that behavior quality and appearance were important employee service quality dimensions for halal restaurants. However, interaction quality and expertise quality were not associated with satisfaction. The results may indicate that consumers did not prefer human interactions at the restaurants because of the risk of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The results affirmed that customers who positively evaluated their restaurant experience showed a higher intention to visit again. Finally, the findings showed a moderating effect of the location (the capital city vs. others). The customers visiting restaurants in the capital city were likely to be satisfied with employees wearing masks and wearing clean uniforms. These findings could enrich the literature on the multidimensional aspects of service encounters at Uzbekistani halal restaurants considering the tangible and intangible service qualities of employees during COVID-19. Full article
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15 pages, 744 KiB  
Article
Role of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions for COVID-19 in Cruise Tourists’ Decision-Making Process: An Extended Model of Goal-Directed Behavior
by Wenjie Xu, Hyo-Jin Youn and Choong-Ki Lee
Sustainability 2021, 13(10), 5552; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su13105552 - 16 May 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2882
Abstract
This study developed an extended model of goal-direct behavior (EMGB) to investigate the role of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) in predicting latent cruise travelers’ decision-making process in the COVID-19 pandemic context to foster the growth of a sustainable cruise business. An online survey was [...] Read more.
This study developed an extended model of goal-direct behavior (EMGB) to investigate the role of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) in predicting latent cruise travelers’ decision-making process in the COVID-19 pandemic context to foster the growth of a sustainable cruise business. An online survey was conducted for Korean respondents with experience of being on a cruise, and a total of 288 valid data were collected. The proposed model was examined using SmartPLS 3.0. Results show that in general, antecedents of MGB affected the desire, which in turn influenced cruise travelers’ behavioral intentions. Desire was also found to affect NPIs, which influenced behavioral intentions. Results reveal that the perception of COVID-19 affected NPIs and behavioral intention during COVID-19. Findings provide academia with theoretical implications and cruise managers with practical implications. Full article
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17 pages, 1780 KiB  
Article
To Dine, or Not to Dine on a Cruise Ship in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Tripartite Approach towards an Understanding of Behavioral Intentions among Female Passengers
by Aleksandar Radic, Michael Lück, Amr Al-Ansi, Bee-Lia Chua, Sabrina Seeler, António Raposo, Jinkyung Jenny Kim and Heesup Han
Sustainability 2021, 13(5), 2516; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su13052516 - 26 Feb 2021
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 3734
Abstract
Given that cruise line companies are rushing to restart their operations with modified dining services, the aim of this research is to establish a conceptual framework that precisely outlines female passengers’ behavioral intentions towards dining on cruise ships in the time of the [...] Read more.
Given that cruise line companies are rushing to restart their operations with modified dining services, the aim of this research is to establish a conceptual framework that precisely outlines female passengers’ behavioral intentions towards dining on cruise ships in the time of the COVID-19 crisis. It does so by extending the theory of reasoned action (TRA) by including the social servicescape of the cruise ship dining experiencescape (stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) paradigm) and perceived health risk from COVID-19 (the prospect theory). The developed theoretical framework based on this tripartite approach has predictive power for intentions. Its effectiveness and comprehensiveness are also demonstrated. Despite the positive effect of the social servicescape on attitude and emotions and the positive attitude of female cruise travelers, the negative effect of the perceived health risk from COVID-19 appears to be the dominant factor that ultimately discourages the behavioral intentions of female cruise passengers towards dining on a cruise ship in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. The present research provides a crucial guiding framework that helps cruise academics and operators to maximize existing and potential passengers’ favorable decisions and behaviors for cruise ship dining. Full article
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14 pages, 601 KiB  
Article
Antecedents of Purchase Intention at Starbucks in the Context of Covid-19 Pandemic
by Jimin Shim, Joonho Moon, Myungkeun Song and Won Seok Lee
Sustainability 2021, 13(4), 1758; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su13041758 - 06 Feb 2021
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 13187
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to examine the determinants of coffee shop purchase intention. The research domain is Starbucks, which is the brand ranked first in the coffee shop market. This study selects healthiness, hygiene, quarantine, ease of app use, and environmental [...] Read more.
The purpose of this research is to examine the determinants of coffee shop purchase intention. The research domain is Starbucks, which is the brand ranked first in the coffee shop market. This study selects healthiness, hygiene, quarantine, ease of app use, and environmental responsibility as candidates for the antecedents of purchase intention. For hypothesis testing, this research used a survey and recruited survey participants using Amazon Mechanical Turk, and carried out multiple linear regressions to test research hypotheses. The number of valid observations for the data analysis is 474. It was found that purchase intention is positively influenced by healthiness, hygiene, quarantine, and ease of app use. However, environmental responsibility was identified as a nonsignificant attribute to account for purchase intention. Practical implications are presented for coffee shop management. The outcomes contribute to the literature by scrutinizing café customers’ purchase intention with various attributes. Full article
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17 pages, 474 KiB  
Article
What Can Drive Consumers’ Dining-Out Behavior in China and Korea during the COVID-19 Pandemic?
by Yongping Zhong, Segu Oh and Hee Cheol Moon
Sustainability 2021, 13(4), 1724; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su13041724 - 05 Feb 2021
Cited by 32 | Viewed by 6289
Abstract
Currently, living with COVID-19 under certain protective measures still continues as the “new normal” for most of the world. The disruption that the pandemic has caused to societies and economies, especially to the restaurant industry, may last longer than some had thought. This [...] Read more.
Currently, living with COVID-19 under certain protective measures still continues as the “new normal” for most of the world. The disruption that the pandemic has caused to societies and economies, especially to the restaurant industry, may last longer than some had thought. This study intended to find out the key drivers of consumers’ dining-out intentions and their internal relationships. We adopted the structural equation modeling (SEM) method with 508 surveys collected from China and Korea. The results were as follows: perceived psychological risks, subjective norms, and enjoyment are influential to consumers’ dining-out intentions but not restaurant precautionary measures or perceived physical risk; subjective norms have direct implications on both perceived psychological and physical risks, while restaurant precautionary measures can only significantly affect perceived physical risk; enjoyment can be negatively influenced by perceived psychological and physical risks; country can moderate the relationships between subjective norms, perceived physical/psychological risk, and enjoyment. This study provides further understanding of the current food consumption patterns, which will help restaurants set up strategies accordingly to sustain their businesses and get them more prepared for any future outbreaks. Full article
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17 pages, 644 KiB  
Article
The Stress-Induced Impact of COVID-19 on Tourism and Hospitality Workers
by Sung-Eun Kang, Changyeon Park, Choong-Ki Lee and Seunghoon Lee
Sustainability 2021, 13(3), 1327; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su13031327 - 27 Jan 2021
Cited by 46 | Viewed by 10361
Abstract
This study explores how COVID-19-induced stress (CID) influences organizational trust, job satisfaction, self-esteem, and commitment in tourism and hospitality organizations. A total of 427 tourism affiliated employees in South Korea participated in an online survey. Using structural equation modelling (SEM), the proposed conceptual [...] Read more.
This study explores how COVID-19-induced stress (CID) influences organizational trust, job satisfaction, self-esteem, and commitment in tourism and hospitality organizations. A total of 427 tourism affiliated employees in South Korea participated in an online survey. Using structural equation modelling (SEM), the proposed conceptual model reveals that CID stress in tourism/hospitality employees is negatively related to organizational trust, job satisfaction, and self-esteem which, in turn, is positively related to organizational commitment. CID stress also indirectly affects organizational commitment. The findings have significant strategic implications for tourism and hospitality organizations‒specifically, the provision of instrumental resources (e.g., safety glasses, latex gloves, hand sanitizers, facial masks) to alleviate their employees’ work-related stress during pandemics. Full article
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13 pages, 753 KiB  
Article
The Effects of Expected Benefits on Image, Desire, and Behavioral Intentions in the Field of Drone Food Delivery Services after the Outbreak of COVID-19
by Jinsoo Hwang and Hyunjoon Kim
Sustainability 2021, 13(1), 117; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su13010117 - 24 Dec 2020
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 5332
Abstract
Food delivery services using drones have emerged, but there is not much research on it. Thus, this study was designed to examine how to form behavioral intentions based on the concept of expected benefits in the field of drone food delivery services. More [...] Read more.
Food delivery services using drones have emerged, but there is not much research on it. Thus, this study was designed to examine how to form behavioral intentions based on the concept of expected benefits in the field of drone food delivery services. More specifically, this study proposed the five dimensions of expected benefits, such as compatibility, social influence, convenience, function, and emotion, have a positive influence on image. In addition, it was proposed that image has a positive influence on desire, which in turn positively affects behavioral intentions. Lastly, this study hypothesized the moderating role of gender in this process. To achieve this purpose, 343 responses were collected in South Korea. The data analysis results showed that five dimensions of expected benefits, such as compatibility, social influence, convenience, function, and emotion have a positive influence on image. In addition, the image aids to enhance desire, which in turn positively affects behavioral intentions. Lastly, gender moderated the relationship between desire and behavioral intentions. The important theoretical and practical implications of this study are discussed later in the paper. Full article
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13 pages, 541 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Pandemic Crisis on the Restaurant Business
by Arlindo Madeira, Teresa Palrão and Alexandra Sofia Mendes
Sustainability 2021, 13(1), 40; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su13010040 - 23 Dec 2020
Cited by 56 | Viewed by 37013
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is responsible for a health crisis and, at the same time, for a sharp drop in activities of economic sustainability, particularly in tourism management, and has consequences in most countries that are still difficult to measure. The objective of this [...] Read more.
The COVID-19 pandemic is responsible for a health crisis and, at the same time, for a sharp drop in activities of economic sustainability, particularly in tourism management, and has consequences in most countries that are still difficult to measure. The objective of this research is to identify restaurant entrepreneurs’ perceptions about the future, government measures, strategies they will apply, and lessons learned for the future after the mandatory lockdown of restaurants and hospitality establishments related to pandemics. The framework was developed through content analysis with line-by-line coding applied to questionnaires collected online from Portuguese restaurant entrepreneurs. The results reveal the existence of common concerns to all entrepreneurs in the restaurant business for the post-pandemic period, about the measures that the governments should implement, and about the strategies and lessons learned for the future. Resilience in face of the future, fear of a lack of appropriate government measures, strategies designed for markets with greater immediate availability, and the creation of working capital are visible concerns in the restaurant business. Full article
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