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Symmetry
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Advances in Synchrotron and Undulator Radiation Studies
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Advances in Synchrotron and Undulator Radiation Studies

A special issue of Symmetry (ISSN 2073-8994). This special issue belongs to the section "Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2022) | Viewed by 15645

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Konstantin Zhukovsky

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Theoretical Physics, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
Interests: theoretical and mathematical physics and its engineering applications; study, analysis and modelling of radiation, transport and particle interaction processes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Radiation from accelerated charges and the underlying physical symmetries have been attracting researchers’ attention for more than 70 years. The synchrotron radiation (SR) was discovered in 1947, following its prediction in 1944. Its beam has strongly asymmetric spatial distribution along the direction of the charge motion and it is highly polarized in the plane of the orbit. The undulator radiation (UR) is based on the physical principles of the SR. Interacting with the electrons, the UR groups them in micro-bunchesseparated by the radiation wavelength, resulting in intense short bursts of coherent UR. This idea, expressed by Ginzburg, gave rise to the development of the theory of the free electron laser (FEL), invented by John Madey in 1971. The SR, UR and FELs have been intensively studied and exploited by researchers. The applications appear in many branches of science, such as medicine, archeology, chemistry, biology and others. Modern FELs extend to X-ray band, where SR has been the strongest source of radiation for a long time. X-ray free electron lasers allow nano-scale studies of structures and inner symmetries of molecules, materials, etc. The respective installations, such as the European X-FEL, are huge. The challenges include the reduction of the FEL sizes, the improvement of the temporal coherence and symmetry of the radiation pulses, etc. Theoretical studies were followed by experiments with seeding and high harmonic generation, etc.

Researchers are welcomed to contribute to this Special Issue with their studies on the theories of SR, UR and FEL, with new relevant results in the accelerator techniques, undulator technologies andFEL realization. Experimental achievements at the working installations, applications, and proposals for future research facilities are also welcomed.

Prof. Dr. Konstantin Zhukovsky
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Symmetry is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • synchrotron
  • undulator
  • free electron laser
  • radiation
  • nano-scale
  • structure

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 3257 KiB  
Article
Symmetry Violation in Bichromatic Ionization by a Free-Electron Laser: Photoelectron Angular Distribution and Spin Polarization
by Maria M. Popova, Elena V. Gryzlova, Maksim D. Kiselev and Alexei N. Grum-Grzhimailo
Symmetry 2021, 13(6), 1015; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/sym13061015 - 05 Jun 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1960
Abstract
A fundamental phenomenon of coherent control is investigated theoretically using the example of neon photoionization by the bichromatic field of a free-electron laser. A system exposed to coherent fields with commensurable frequencies loses some symmetry, which manifests itself in the angular distribution and [...] Read more.
A fundamental phenomenon of coherent control is investigated theoretically using the example of neon photoionization by the bichromatic field of a free-electron laser. A system exposed to coherent fields with commensurable frequencies loses some symmetry, which manifests itself in the angular distribution and spin polarization of the electron emission. We predict several such effects, for example, the violation of symmetry with respect to the plane perpendicular to the polarization vector of the second harmonic and the appearance of new components of spin polarization. Furthermore, we predict a very efficient control of spin polarization via manipulation of the phase between the harmonics. Experimental observation of these effects is accessible with modern free-electron lasers operating in the extreme ultraviolet wavelength regime. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Synchrotron and Undulator Radiation Studies)
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19 pages, 3476 KiB  
Article
Spontaneous and Stimulated Undulator Radiation in Symmetric and Asymmetric Multi-Periodic Magnetic Fields
by Konstantin Zhukovsky and Igor Fedorov
Symmetry 2021, 13(1), 135; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/sym13010135 - 15 Jan 2021
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 2111
Abstract
In this work, the radiation from electrons in multi-periodic undulator fields with symmetric and asymmetric harmonics was analyzed using generalized Bessel functions formalism. The asymmetric, symmetric, and anti-symmetric periodic magnetic fields with harmonics were studied in order to get the enhanced radiation of [...] Read more.
In this work, the radiation from electrons in multi-periodic undulator fields with symmetric and asymmetric harmonics was analyzed using generalized Bessel functions formalism. The asymmetric, symmetric, and anti-symmetric periodic magnetic fields with harmonics were studied in order to get the enhanced radiation of the high harmonics of undulator radiation (UR). The effect on the spontaneous and stimulated UR was explored. The exact integral forms for the Bessel coefficients were obtained for undulators with general symmetric and asymmetric field harmonics. Spectral properties of the radiation from several configurations of the undulator fields with harmonics were compared with each other. The resulting spontaneous UR spectrum and harmonic intensities were obtained analytically in the form of integrals and compared with the respective results that were obtained numerically with SPECTRA program. The dimensionless scaling parameter of a free electron laser (FEL)—the Pierce parameter (ρ)—was computed and compared for the different considered undulators. We studied the differences in the behavior of the high-gain single pass FEL harmonics and the spontaneous UR harmonics in the same undulators. The undulators with variable deflection parameter (k) were considered. The effect of the k parameter (deflection parameter for a common planar undulator) on the spontaneous UR and on the high-gain FEL radiation was explored. In this context, an experiment with variable strength undulators at FLASH 2 FEL was analyzed; the shorter saturated length in high harmonic self-seeding (HHSS) regime vs. self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) is explained. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Synchrotron and Undulator Radiation Studies)
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27 pages, 351 KiB  
Article
Bound Electron Transitions under the Influence of Electromagnetic Wave in Constant Magnetic Field
by Vladimir Zhukovsky
Symmetry 2020, 12(8), 1367; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/sym12081367 - 17 Aug 2020
Viewed by 1723
Abstract
Motion and radiative transitions of an electron in a magnetic field under the influence of an external electromagnetic wave are studied for various confining conditions in semiconductor, graphene, in quantum wells, and relativistic generalization in terms of the Klein–Gordon equation are considered. In [...] Read more.
Motion and radiative transitions of an electron in a magnetic field under the influence of an external electromagnetic wave are studied for various confining conditions in semiconductor, graphene, in quantum wells, and relativistic generalization in terms of the Klein–Gordon equation are considered. In particular, the following problems are discussed. The so-called cyclotron resonance, which may appear in graphene, is studied with indication for appearance of the so-called frequency-halving. The problem is solved for two-dimensional massless charged particle, whose gapless nature is protected by sublattice symmetry. The exact classical calculation of this effect is undertaken in the framework of a 2D classical equation for a zero-mass electron. We also find an exact solution of the Schrödinger equation for charge carriers in semiconductors under the influence of an external magnetic field and in the field of electromagnetic wave with an account for their radiative transitions. Solutions of the relativistic Klein–Gordon equation in this configuration of electromagnetic fields are found as a certain generalization of the results obtained for the non-relativistic case. These results may serve as a first step for further efforts to find exact solutions of wave equations for quasiparticles in solid state structures in external fields. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Synchrotron and Undulator Radiation Studies)
24 pages, 5867 KiB  
Article
Synchrotron Radiation in Periodic Magnetic Fields of FEL Undulators—Theoretical Analysis for Experiments
by Konstantin Zhukovsky
Symmetry 2020, 12(8), 1258; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/sym12081258 - 30 Jul 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2822
Abstract
A theoretical study of the synchrotron radiation (SR) from electrons in periodic magnetic fields with non-periodic magnetic components is presented. It is applied to several free electron lasers (FELs) accounting for the real characteristics of their electron beams: finite sizes, energy spread, divergence [...] Read more.
A theoretical study of the synchrotron radiation (SR) from electrons in periodic magnetic fields with non-periodic magnetic components is presented. It is applied to several free electron lasers (FELs) accounting for the real characteristics of their electron beams: finite sizes, energy spread, divergence etc. All the losses and off-axis effects are accounted analytically. Exact expressions for the harmonic radiation in multiperiodic magnetic fields with non-periodic components and off-axis effects are given in terms of the generalized Bessel and Airy-type functions. Their analytical forms clearly distinguish all contributions in each polarization of the undulator radiation (UR). The application to FELs is demonstrated with the help of the analytical model for FEL harmonic power evolution, which accounts for all major losses and has been verified with the results of well documented FEL experiments. The analysis of the off-axis effects for the odd and even harmonics is performed for SPRING8 Angstrom Compact free-electron LAser (SACLA) and Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL-XFEL). The modelling describes theoretically the power levels of odd and even harmonics and the spectral line width and shape. The obtained theoretical results agree well with the available data for FEL experiments; where no data exist, we predict and explain the FEL radiation properties. The proposed theoretical approach is applicable to practically any FEL. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Synchrotron and Undulator Radiation Studies)
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6 pages, 321 KiB  
Article
Effective Angle of Synchrotron Radiation
by Vladislav Bagrov, Anna Kasatkina and Alexey Pecheritsyn
Symmetry 2020, 12(7), 1095; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/sym12071095 - 02 Jul 2020
Viewed by 1553
Abstract
An exact analytical expression for the effective angle is determined for an arbitrary energy value of a radiating particle. An effective angle of instantaneous power is defined for synchrotron radiation in the framework of classical electrodynamics. This definition explicitly contains the most symmetric [...] Read more.
An exact analytical expression for the effective angle is determined for an arbitrary energy value of a radiating particle. An effective angle of instantaneous power is defined for synchrotron radiation in the framework of classical electrodynamics. This definition explicitly contains the most symmetric distribution of half the total of the instantaneous power of synchrotron radiation. Two exact analytical expressions for the effective angle are considered for the arbitrary energy values of a radiating particle, and the second expression brings to light the exact asymptotics of the effective angle in the ultrarelativistic limit. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Synchrotron and Undulator Radiation Studies)
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9 pages, 1075 KiB  
Article
Enhancement of Light Output in ScxY1−xPO4:Eu3+ Solid Solutions
by Dmitry Spassky, Viktoriia Voznyak-Levushkina, Anastasiia Arapova, Boris Zadneprovski, Kirill Chernenko and Vitali Nagirnyi
Symmetry 2020, 12(6), 946; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/sym12060946 - 04 Jun 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2252
Abstract
The luminescence properties of ScxY1−xPO4:Eu3+ solid solutions have been studied under excitation by synchrotron radiation in the energy range of 4.5–50 eV. The luminescence originating from three different types of emission centers was observed, and the [...] Read more.
The luminescence properties of ScxY1−xPO4:Eu3+ solid solutions have been studied under excitation by synchrotron radiation in the energy range of 4.5–50 eV. The luminescence originating from three different types of emission centers was observed, and the origin of the emission centers was determined. The light output of ScxY1−xPO4:Eu3+ was shown to depend non-linearly on the ratio of Sc and Y cations, whereas it is maximal in compounds with their equal content. The branching of the energy relaxation process between different emission centers is analyzed for the brightest Sc0.5Y0.5PO4:Eu3+ solid solution. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Synchrotron and Undulator Radiation Studies)
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Graphical abstract

12 pages, 2646 KiB  
Article
Decay Kinetics of CeF3 under VUV and X-ray Synchrotron Radiation
by Irina Kamenskikh, Evgeny Tishchenko, Marco Kirm, Sergey Omelkov, Andrei Belsky and Andrey Vasil’ev
Symmetry 2020, 12(6), 914; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/sym12060914 - 02 Jun 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2256
Abstract
Characteristic dimensions and evolution times of regions of secondary electronic excitations created by the interaction of ionizing radiation with matter cannot be measured directly. At the same time these are essential parameters both for engineering of nanostructured composite materials defining optimal layer thickness [...] Read more.
Characteristic dimensions and evolution times of regions of secondary electronic excitations created by the interaction of ionizing radiation with matter cannot be measured directly. At the same time these are essential parameters both for engineering of nanostructured composite materials defining optimal layer thickness and nanoparticles radii and for the development of optimized scintillators. The paper demonstrates how such spatial and temporal data can be extracted from luminescence decay kinetics excited by vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) and X-ray photons at modern sources of synchrotron radiation MAX IV and PETRA III. Specific features of energy-band structure of self-activated crystal CeF3 are discussed, and its potential for a super-fast detection of ionizing radiation evaluated. Diffusion-controlled dipole–dipole interaction of Frenkel excitons is demonstrated to account well for the luminescence non-exponential decay kinetics providing information on the scales of excited regions created by photons of different energy. For 20 eV photons the radius of excited regions is estimated to be 10 nm, and for 200 eV photons it increases to 18 nm. Effective radius of excited regions of complicated shape created by 19 keV is as large as 80 nm and the diffusion length of Frenkel excitons over radiative time is 14 nm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Synchrotron and Undulator Radiation Studies)
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