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Symmetry and Symmetry Breaking in Nuclei

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A special issue of Symmetry (ISSN 2073-8994). This special issue belongs to the section "Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2021) | Viewed by 8467

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Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Hiroyuki Sagawa

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Guest Editor

1. RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako 351-0198, Japan
2. Center for Mathematics and Physics, University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu, Fukushima 965-8560, Japan
Interests: cosmic-ray physics; highest-energy cosmic rays; telescope array extension; TAx4; cosmic ray physics; highest energy cosmic ray; ultra high energy cosmic ray; radio echo observation; electronic linear accelerator; telescope array experiment

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nuclei are very complex systems, without even going to the levels of quarks and gluons. They are many-body systems of strongly interacting protons and neutrons, which give rise to both the spin and isospin degree of freedoms. The nucleus is a self-organized substance with finite spatial extension, showing various shapes, spherical, prolate, oblate, and octupole deformations, derived by the Jahn–Teller effect, i.e., the spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) effect on geometrical shapes. Thus, nuclei manifest unique properties under these symmetries of spin, isospin, and shapes. Recent developments of radioactive-beam facilities have expanded the opportunities for the study of various aspects of symmetries and their breaking in exotic nuclei, which may evolve into the extreme conditions for experimental study. In this Special Issue, we will address theoretical and experimental progress on the following topics:

1) Isospin symmetry and its breaking in nuclei.

2) Spin-Isospin symmetry and experimental evidence in nuclei.

3) SSB in shapes and its coexistence in nuclei.

4) Chirality in triaxial nuclei.

5) Symmetry breakings under the extreme conditions of spin and isospin.

6) Dynamical symmetry and shape evolution.

Prof. Dr. Hiroyuki Sagawa
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Symmetry is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

spin
isospin
SSB in nuclei
shape evolution
Gamow–Teller transition
double-beta decay
chirality
exotic unstable nuclei

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 358 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Isospin Symmetry Breaking Effects on the Mass-Radius Relation of a Neutron Star

by Giovanni Selva, Xavier Roca-Maza and Gianluca Colò

Symmetry 2021, 13(1), 144; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/sym13010144 - 16 Jan 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1923

Abstract

Isospin symmetry breaking effects on the mass-radius relation of a cold, non-accreting neutron star are studied on the basis of two Skyrme Energy Density Functionals (EDFs). One functional contains isospin symmetry breaking terms other than those typically included in Skyrme EDFs while its counterpart is of standard form. Both functionals are based on the same fitting protocol except for the observables and pseudo-observables sensitive to the isospin symmetry breaking channel. The quality of those functionals is similar in the description of terrestrial observables but choosing either of them has a non-negligible effect on the mass-radius relation and tidal deformability of a neutron star. Further investigations are needed to clarify the effects of isospin symmetry breaking on these and other observables of neutron stars that are, and will become, available. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry and Symmetry Breaking in Nuclei)

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Review

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26 pages, 8775 KiB

Open AccessReview

Review of Shape Phase Transition Studies for Bose-Fermi Systems: The Effect of the Odd-Particle on the Bosonic Core

by M. Böyükata, C. E. Alonso, J. M. Arias, L. Fortunato and A. Vitturi

Symmetry 2021, 13(2), 215; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/sym13020215 - 28 Jan 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 5959

Abstract

The quantum phase transition studies we have done during the last few years for odd-even systems are reviewed. The focus is on the quantum shape phase transition in Bose-Fermi systems. They are studied within the Interacting Boson-Fermion Model (IBFM). The geometry is included in this model by using the intrinsic frame formalism based on the concept of coherent states. First, the critical point symmetries E(5/4) and E(5/12) are summarized. E(5/4) describes the case of a single

j = 3 / 2

particle coupled to a bosonic core that undergoes a transition from spherical to

γ

-unstable. E(5/12) is an extension of E(5/4) that describes the multi-j case (

j = 1 / 2, 3 / 2, 5 / 2

) along the same transitional path. Both, E(5/4) and E(5/12), are formulated in a geometrical context using the Bohr Hamiltonian. Similar situations can be studied within the IBFM considering the transitional path from U

^{B F}

(5) to O

^{B F}

(6). Such studies are also presented. No critical points have been proposed for other paths in odd-even systems as, for instance, the transition from spherical to axially deformed shapes. However, the study of such shape phase transition can be done easily within the IBFM considering the path from U

^{B F}

(5) (spherical) to SU

^{B F}

(3) (axial deformed). Thus, in a second part, this study is presented for the multi-j case. Energy levels and potential energy surfaces obtained within the intrinsic frame formalism of the IBFM Hamiltonian are discussed. Finally, our recent works within the IBFM for a single-j fermion coupled to a bosonic core that performs different shape phase transitional paths are reviewed. All significant paths in the model space are studied: from spherical to

γ

-unstable shape, from spherical to axially deformed (prolate and oblate) shapes, and from prolate to oblate shape passing through the

γ

-unstable shape. The aim of these applications is to understand the effect of the coupled fermion on the core when moving along a given transitional path and how the coupled fermion modifies the bosonic core around the critical points. Full article