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Toxics
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Toxicity Assessment of Ambient Nanoparticles
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Toxicity Assessment of Ambient Nanoparticles

A special issue of Toxics (ISSN 2305-6304). This special issue belongs to the section "Exposome Analysis and Risk Assessment".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2022) | Viewed by 4740

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Luc Ferrari

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institut Jean Lamour, UMR 7198, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
Interests: toxicology; nanotoxicology; alternative models; risk assessment
Dr. Pernille Høgh Danielsen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
Interests: toxicology; occupational exposure; nanomaterials; metals; air pollution; adverse health risks; risk assessment; molecular mechanisms

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The unique structures and properties of engineered nanoparticles make them the object of multiple applications ranging from aeronautics to medicine. Nanoparticles may be released into the ambient air, which can be an adverse health risk for workers potentially exposed by inhalation during manufacturing or industrial processes. Exposure of the general population to engineered nanoparticles from ambient air is likely to be less, but there could be potential risks involved in recycling or disposal processes of e.g. consumer products containing nanoparticles. For risk assessment of engineered nanoparticles, it is necessary to identify hazards, either by epidemiological studies, animal studies or by in vitro studies, ranging from the simple identification of organ toxicity to mechanistic approaches involving the use of omics analysis. In some cases, toxicity or adverse outcomes could be predicted by using QSAR approaches or adverse outcome pathways (AOPs). It is also necessary to determine the methods of analysis of nanoparticles in the ambient air, which collection techniques, and the appropriate analytical techniques to render the result within a timeframe relevant to the needs of public or occupational health. In this Special Issue, original research articles, reviews, comments, and perspectives are all welcome. Research areas may include, but are not limited to, nanomaterial toxicity, human safety, hazard identification, risk assessment, exposure assessment, occupational exposure, and prediction tools.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Prof. Dr. Luc Ferrari
Dr. Pernille Høgh Danielsen
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Toxics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Naomaterial
  • nanoparticle
  • toxicity
  • air
  • pollution
  • occupational health
  • AOP
  • QSAR

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 2858 KiB  
Article
Cerium Oxide Enhances the Toxicity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Human Lung Epithelial Cell Cultures
by Tasnim Al Rashaideh, Nervana Metwali, Sarah S. Perry, Andrea Adamcakova-Dodd and Peter S. Thorne
Toxics 2022, 10(9), 522; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/toxics10090522 - 01 Sep 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2032
Abstract
Recently, many approaches have been developed to improve the performance of nanomaterials. Combining more than one nanomaterial is one such approach that achieves superior results. However, during the fabrication of nanomaterials or formulation of end products, materials can be released into the ambient [...] Read more.
Recently, many approaches have been developed to improve the performance of nanomaterials. Combining more than one nanomaterial is one such approach that achieves superior results. However, during the fabrication of nanomaterials or formulation of end products, materials can be released into the ambient air and be inhaled by workers. The adverse health outcomes of inhaling such compounds are unknown. In this study, we examined such effects in combining two of the most utilized nanomaterials in several industrial sectors: zinc oxide (ZnO) and cerium oxide (CeO2). These materials can be found together in sunscreens, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films, and construction products. The aim of this study was to assess the adverse biological outcomes of CeO2–ZnO nano-mixtures in human lung epithelial cells. A549 human lung epithelial cells were treated with increasing concentrations of ZnO or CeO2 NPs alone, or as a mixture of both, under submerged conditions for 24 h. After treatment, cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, cell membrane integrity, and cytokine production were examined. ZnO NPs showed a dose-dependent trend for all endpoints. CeO2 NPs did not exhibit any toxic effect in any individual concentrations. When higher doses of ZnO were combined with increasing doses of CeO2, loss of cell viability and an elevation in cell membrane leakage were observed. Interleukin 8 (IL-8) and ROS generation were higher when ZnO NPs were combined with CeO2 NPs, compared to cells that were treated with ZnO alone. The release of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) was reduced in the cells that were treated with higher doses of ZnO and CeO2. Thus, the presence of CeO2 enhanced the toxicity of ZnO in A549 cells at non-toxic levels of CeO2. This suggests an additive toxicity of these two nanomaterials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Toxicity Assessment of Ambient Nanoparticles)
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10 pages, 3038 KiB  
Article
Effect of Pulmonary Inflammation by Surface Functionalization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
by Ayoung Jung, Sung-Hyun Kim, Jun-Young Yang, Jayoung Jeong, Jong Kwon Lee, Jae-Ho Oh and Jin Hee Lee
Toxics 2021, 9(12), 336; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/toxics9120336 - 06 Dec 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2297
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are used in various industries such as food additives, cosmetics, and biomedical applications. In this study, we evaluated lung damage over time by three types of ZnO NPs (L-serine, citrate, and pristine) following the regulation of functional groups [...] Read more.
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are used in various industries such as food additives, cosmetics, and biomedical applications. In this study, we evaluated lung damage over time by three types of ZnO NPs (L-serine, citrate, and pristine) following the regulation of functional groups after a single intratracheal instillation to rats. The three types of ZnO NPs showed an acute inflammatory reaction with increased LDH and inflammatory cell infiltration in the alveoli 24 h after administration. Especially in treatment with L-serine, citrate ZnO NPs showed higher acute granulocytic inflammation and total protein induction than the pristine ZnO NPs at 24 h. The acute inflammatory reaction of the lungs recovered on day 30 with bronchoalveolar fibrosis. The concentrations of IL-4, 6, TNF-α, and eotaxin in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) decreased over time, and the levels of these inflammation indicators are consistent with the following inflammatory cell data and acute lung inflammation by ZnO NP. This study suggests that single inhalation exposure to functionalized ZnO NPs may cause acute lung injury with granulocytic inflammation. Although it can recover 30 days after exposure, acute pulmonary inflammation in surface functionalization means that additional studies of exposure limits are needed to protect the workers that produce it. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Toxicity Assessment of Ambient Nanoparticles)
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