Equine Infectious Diseases and Immunotherapy

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 11797

Special Issue Editors

Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University, Iselin, NJ, USA
Interests: comparative pathology; anatomic pathology; equine; equine viral diseases; EIAV; background lesions; African green monkeys
Viral Infections and Comparative Pathology, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
Interests: small ruminants; animal retroviruses; lung cancers; epithelial cells; SRLV; JSRV; ENTV

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Infectious diseases in equines, whether endemic, emerging or reemerging in a population, represent constant challenges to veterinarians and owners. These diseases may result in a burden to equine practices and hospitals, which are constantly on the lookout for newer cost-effective diagnostic tools, therapeutic approaches, prevention strategies, or efficient epidemiological surveillance. Clinical problems can be puzzling, and this Special Issue of Vaccines aims to bring together recent knowledge on viral, bacterial, rickettsial, fungal, and parasitic diseases in equines to better understand their pathogenesis, improve therapy, and implement relevant control measures. Allergies in horses are not currently fully understood, but recent advances in immunotherapy approaches are encouraging.

The objectives of this Special Issue are to bring forward the most recent advances in equine infectious diseases, immunotherapy, and pathology, including novelties in diagnostic, as well as prevention and control. Articles introducing novel perspectives on this broad topic, as well as on vaccines, allergen-specific immunotherapy, or epidemiological findings, are welcome.

Dr. Pompei Florin Bolfa
Dr. Caroline Leroux
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • virology
  • microbiology
  • parasitology
  • immune response
  • immunology
  • emerging diseases
  • diagnostics
  • horse
  • donkey
  • wild equids

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Review

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32 pages, 2690 KiB  
Review
Equids’ Core Vaccines Guidelines in North America: Considerations and Prospective
by Hélène Desanti-Consoli, Juliette Bouillon and Ronan J. J. Chapuis
Vaccines 2022, 10(3), 398; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/vaccines10030398 - 04 Mar 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3053
Abstract
Vaccination against infectious diseases is a cornerstone of veterinary medicine in the prevention of disease transmission, illness severity, and often death in animals. In North American equine medicine, equine vaccines protecting against tetanus, rabies, Eastern and Western equine encephalomyelitis, and West Nile are [...] Read more.
Vaccination against infectious diseases is a cornerstone of veterinary medicine in the prevention of disease transmission, illness severity, and often death in animals. In North American equine medicine, equine vaccines protecting against tetanus, rabies, Eastern and Western equine encephalomyelitis, and West Nile are core vaccines as these have been classified as having a heightened risk of mortality, infectiousness, and endemic status. Some guidelines differ from the label of vaccines, to improve the protection of patients or to decrease the unnecessary administration to reduce potential side effects. In North America, resources for the equine practitioners are available on the American Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEP) website. Conversely, in small companion animals, peer review materials are regularly published in open access journals to guide the vaccination of dogs and cats. The aims of this review are to present how the vaccine guidelines have been established for small companion animals and horses in North America, to review the equine literature to solidify or contrast the current AAEP guidelines of core vaccines, and to suggest future research directions in the equine vaccine field considering small companion animal strategies and the current available resources in equine literature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Equine Infectious Diseases and Immunotherapy)
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21 pages, 6871 KiB  
Review
Clostridial Diseases of Horses: A Review
by Francisco A. Uzal, Mauricio A. Navarro, Javier Asin and Eileen E. Henderson
Vaccines 2022, 10(2), 318; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/vaccines10020318 - 17 Feb 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 5282
Abstract
The clostridial diseases of horses can be divided into three major groups: enteric/enterotoxic, histotoxic, and neurotoxic. The main enteric/enterotoxic diseases include those produced by Clostridium perfringens type C and Clostridioides difficile, both of which are characterized by enterocolitis. The main histotoxic diseases [...] Read more.
The clostridial diseases of horses can be divided into three major groups: enteric/enterotoxic, histotoxic, and neurotoxic. The main enteric/enterotoxic diseases include those produced by Clostridium perfringens type C and Clostridioides difficile, both of which are characterized by enterocolitis. The main histotoxic diseases are gas gangrene, Tyzzer disease, and infectious necrotic hepatitis. Gas gangrene is produced by one or more of the following microorganisms: C. perfringens type A, Clostridium septicum, Paeniclostridium sordellii, and Clostridium novyi type A, and it is characterized by necrotizing cellulitis and/or myositis. Tyzzer disease is produced by Clostridium piliforme and is mainly characterized by multifocal necrotizing hepatitis. Infectious necrotic hepatitis is produced by Clostridium novyi type B and is characterized by focal necrotizing hepatitis. The main neurotoxic clostridial diseases are tetanus and botulism, which are produced by Clostridium tetani and Clostridium botulinum, respectively. Tetanus is characterized by spastic paralysis and botulism by flaccid paralysis. Neither disease present with specific gross or microscopic lesions. The pathogenesis of clostridial diseases involves the production of toxins. Confirming a diagnosis of some of the clostridial diseases of horses is sometimes difficult, mainly because some agents can be present in tissues of normal animals. This paper reviews the main clostridial diseases of horses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Equine Infectious Diseases and Immunotherapy)
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10 pages, 1196 KiB  
Case Report
An Outbreak of Equine Herpesvirus-4 in an Ecological Donkey Milk Farm in Romania
by Alexandra Mureşan, Cosmin Mureşan, Madalina Siteavu, Electra Avram, Diana Bochynska and Marian Taulescu
Vaccines 2022, 10(3), 468; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/vaccines10030468 - 18 Mar 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2718
Abstract
Equine herpesviruses are important pathogens causing significant economic loss in equine and asinine populations. EHV-1/4 strains are mainly associated with respiratory distress. The aim of this study is to report the first EHV 4-associated respiratory disease in donkeys in Romania. Thirty-seven of three [...] Read more.
Equine herpesviruses are important pathogens causing significant economic loss in equine and asinine populations. EHV-1/4 strains are mainly associated with respiratory distress. The aim of this study is to report the first EHV 4-associated respiratory disease in donkeys in Romania. Thirty-seven of three hundred jennies in an ecological donkey farm in southwest Romania started initially showing signs of severe upper respiratory tract disease, with ten concomitant late abortions/neonatal deaths and three neurological cases. There were nine fatalities. Pathological examination was performed, and samples were collected for Real-Time PCR analysis and histology. In addition, serum samples from 28 individuals with respiratory symptoms were collected and tested using indirect ELISA. RT-PCR identified the EHV-4 strain. Acute, diffuse necrotizing bronchointerstitial pneumonia with occasional intraepithelial intranuclear viral inclusion bodies was identified. Additionally, EHV-1/4-specific antibodies were found in 15 of the 28 sampled animals. Few studies on donkeys and herpesviruses have been published, and this is the first reported case of EHV-4 outbreak in Romania. There is a need for more extensive seroprevalence studies as, currently, the status of EHV-4 infection in donkeys in Romania is unknown. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Equine Infectious Diseases and Immunotherapy)
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