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Vaccines
Special Issues
Studies on Strategies for Enhancing Vaccine Immunogenicity
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Studies on Strategies for Enhancing Vaccine Immunogenicity

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Vaccine Adjuvants".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2022) | Viewed by 3885

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. David Scott McVey

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska, P.O. Box 830905, Lincoln, NE 68583-0905, USA
Interests: vaccine formulation; immunogenicity; efficacy; effectiveness; adjuvants
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The immunogenicity of a vaccine is determined by the characteristics of the specific antigens and the specific vaccine formulation used, as well as the characteristics of the immune response and other genetic factors of the target host. Therefore, variables such as antigen concentration and presentation, adjuvant requirements, delivery strategy, vaccine stability and handling, and manufacturing/distribution characteristics can affect population and individual host responses (and therefore, effectiveness).

The current COVID-19 pandemic has once again proved the importance of vaccines, so it is necessary to understand the determinants of the immune response to vaccines and understand their role in vaccine antigenicity and effectiveness.

We hope to encourage the introduction of recent developments in this Special Issue, focusing on understanding the molecular mechanisms that trigger protective immune responses from immunnization, and evaluating the contribution of adjuvants and immunomodulatory molecules to vaccine immunogenicity and induction of long lasting immunological memmory.

This Special Issue focuses on the latest research studies that define innovative strategies for enhancing vaccine immunogenicity. Submissions of original articles, systematic reviews, short communications, and other types of articles on related topics are welcomed. All manuscripts will follow standard journal peer-review practices.

We look forward to receiving your contributions to the Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. David Scott McVey
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • vaccine immunogenicity
  • vaccine effectiveness
  • vaccine adjuvants
  • immune response

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 3373 KiB  
Article
Gas Plasma Protein Oxidation Increases Immunogenicity and Human Antigen-Presenting Cell Maturation and Activation
by Ramona Clemen, Kevin Arlt, Thomas von Woedtke and Sander Bekeschus
Vaccines 2022, 10(11), 1814; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/vaccines10111814 - 28 Oct 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1345
Abstract
Protein vaccines rely on eliciting immune responses. Inflammation is a prerequisite for immune responses to control infection and cancer but is also associated with disease onset. Reactive oxygen species (ROSs) are central during inflammation and are capable of inducing non-enzymatic oxidative protein modifications [...] Read more.
Protein vaccines rely on eliciting immune responses. Inflammation is a prerequisite for immune responses to control infection and cancer but is also associated with disease onset. Reactive oxygen species (ROSs) are central during inflammation and are capable of inducing non-enzymatic oxidative protein modifications (oxMods) associated with chronic disease, which alter the functionality or immunogenicity of proteins that are relevant in cancer immunotherapy. Specifically, antigen-presenting cells (APCs) take up and degrade extracellular native and oxidized proteins to induce adaptive immune responses. However, it is less clear how oxMods alter the protein’s immunogenicity, especially in inflammation-related short-lived reactive species. Gas plasma technology simultaneously generates a multitude of ROSs to modify protein antigens in a targeted and controlled manner to study the immunogenicity of oxMods. As model proteins relevant to chronic inflammation and cancer, we used gas plasma-treated insulin and CXCL8. We added those native or oxidized proteins to human THP-1 monocytes or primary monocyte-derived cells (moDCs). Both oxidized proteins caused concentration-independent maturation phenotype alterations in moDCs and THP-1 cells concerning surface marker expression and chemokine and cytokine secretion profiles. Interestingly, concentration-matched H2O2-treated proteins did not recapitulate the effects of gas plasma, suggesting sufficiently short diffusion distances for the short-lived reactive species to modify proteins. Our data provide evidence of dendric cell maturation and activation upon exposure to gas plasma- but not H2O2-modified model proteins. The biological consequences of these findings need to be elucidated in future inflammation and cancer disease models. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Studies on Strategies for Enhancing Vaccine Immunogenicity)
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17 pages, 2613 KiB  
Article
A Dual Adjuvant System for Intranasal Boosting of Local and Systemic Immunity for Influenza Vaccination
by Fumi Sato-Kaneko, Shiyin Yao, Fitzgerald S. Lao, Yukiya Sako, Jasmine Jin, Nikunj M. Shukla, Howard B. Cottam, Michael Chan, Masiel M. Belsuzarri, Dennis A. Carson and Tomoko Hayashi
Vaccines 2022, 10(10), 1694; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/vaccines10101694 - 11 Oct 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2160
Abstract
Systemically vaccinated individuals against COVID-19 and influenza may continue to support viral replication and shedding in the upper airways, contributing to the spread of infections. Thus, a vaccine regimen that enhances mucosal immunity in the respiratory mucosa is needed to prevent a pandemic. [...] Read more.
Systemically vaccinated individuals against COVID-19 and influenza may continue to support viral replication and shedding in the upper airways, contributing to the spread of infections. Thus, a vaccine regimen that enhances mucosal immunity in the respiratory mucosa is needed to prevent a pandemic. Intranasal/pulmonary (IN) vaccines can promote mucosal immunity by promoting IgA secretion at the infection site. Here, we demonstrate that an intramuscular (IM) priming-IN boosting regimen with an inactivated influenza A virus adjuvanted with the liposomal dual TLR4/7 adjuvant (Fos47) enhances systemic and local/mucosal immunity. The IN boosting with Fos47 (IN-Fos47) enhanced antigen-specific IgA secretion in the upper and lower respiratory tracts compared to the IM boosting with Fos47 (IM-Fos47). The secreted IgA induced by IN-Fos47 was also cross-reactive to multiple influenza virus strains. Antigen-specific tissue-resident memory T cells in the lung were increased after IN boosting with Fos47, indicating that IN-Fos47 established tissue-resident T cells. Furthermore, IN-Fos47 induced systemic cross-reactive IgG antibody titers comparable to those of IM-Fos47. Neither local nor systemic reactogenicity or adverse effects were observed after IN delivery of Fos47. Collectively, these results indicate that the IM/IN regimen with Fos47 is safe and provides both local and systemic anti-influenza immune responses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Studies on Strategies for Enhancing Vaccine Immunogenicity)
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