Lymphoma in Animals

A special issue of Veterinary Sciences (ISSN 2306-7381).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 28998

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Guest Editor
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary University Hospital, University of Teramo, Piano d'Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy
Interests: clinical pathology; hematology and hemato-oncology; transfusion medicine
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The theme of this Special Issue of Veterinary Sciences is Lymphoma.

Lymphoma represents the most frequent hematopoietic cancer in animals and it shows significant overlap with the human disease. Its classification and grading schemes tend to reflect the analogous in people, by grouping lymphomas according to their cytological, clinical and morphological characteristics. Moreover, in human and veterinary medicine, the World Health Organization (WHO) classification system integrates knowledge of not only topography but also immunophenotype, genetic features and molecular aspects.

The scope of this Special Issue is to provide a source for the publication of articles, reviews, case reports, and case studies covering all aspects of this common neoplasm. Particularly, we encourage improving the knowledge and comparative aspects regarding diagnosis, prognosis and therapy in course of Lymphoma between different mammalian species, including humans. This Special Issue should encourage good contact between clinicians, pathologists, and oncologists to support daily work, scientific research, increase knowledge, and to facilitate coordination of clinical research in all species.

Constant work by experts in this area of interest is important so that knowledge can be extended both in terms of early and accurate laboratory diagnoses of these lymphoproliferative diseases and in terms of new comparative prognostic and therapeutic aspects with human diseases.

Dr. Arianna Miglio
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • lymphoma
  • dog
  • cat
  • horse
  • ruminant
  • diagnosis
  • treatment
  • prognosis

Published Papers (6 papers)

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15 pages, 1268 KiB  
Article
Detection of Lymphoid Markers (CD3 and PAX5) for Immunophenotyping in Dogs and Cats: Comparison of Stained Cytology Slides and Matched Cell Blocks
by Filipe Sampaio, Carla Marrinhas, Luísa Fonte Oliveira, Fernanda Malhão, Célia Lopes, Hugo Gregório, Carla Correia-Gomes, Ricardo Marcos, Mario Caniatti and Marta Santos
Vet. Sci. 2023, 10(2), 157; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/vetsci10020157 - 15 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2488
Abstract
Immunolabeling on Romanowsky-stained cytology (RSC) slides can be used, although there is limited evidence of its suitability for phenotyping canine and feline lymphomas. A comparison with matched cell blocks (CB) is missing. Immunolabeling on RSC and CB was compared for lymphoid markers (CD3 [...] Read more.
Immunolabeling on Romanowsky-stained cytology (RSC) slides can be used, although there is limited evidence of its suitability for phenotyping canine and feline lymphomas. A comparison with matched cell blocks (CB) is missing. Immunolabeling on RSC and CB was compared for lymphoid markers (CD3 and PAX5) in 53 lymphomas and 4 chylous effusions from dogs and cats. The influence of pre-analytical variables (species, time of archive, type of specimens and coverslipping) and the interobserver agreement among the 2 observers was assessed. Fewer CD3+ lymphocytes were identified in RSC, while the PAX5 positivity by RSC and CB had a substantial agreement. Immunodetection of CD3 and the diagnosis of a T-cell population on RSC was more difficult. Lower intensity and higher background were noted in RSC. Immunophenotyping was inconclusive in 54% RSC and 19% CB. The interobserver reproducibility of immunophenotyping on CB was substantial, being higher than in RSC. The immunolabeling performance on the RSC of effusion and feline samples was unsatisfactory. The detection of lymphoid markers, especially membranous antigens in retrospective RSC, is affected by the pre-analytical variables: species, time of the archive, and type of specimens. CB are a more consistent type of sample for immunophenotyping purposes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lymphoma in Animals)
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9 pages, 1085 KiB  
Article
Microbiome Profile of Dogs with Stage IV Multicentric Lymphoma: A Pilot Study
by Feriel Yasmine Mahiddine, Inhwan You, Heekee Park and Min Jung Kim
Vet. Sci. 2022, 9(8), 409; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/vetsci9080409 - 04 Aug 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1987
Abstract
Changes in the gut microbiome can be associated with diseases and affect the overall health of an individual. In the current study, the gut microbiome profile of dogs diagnosed with advanced stages of multicentric lymphoma was compared with that of healthy dogs and [...] Read more.
Changes in the gut microbiome can be associated with diseases and affect the overall health of an individual. In the current study, the gut microbiome profile of dogs diagnosed with advanced stages of multicentric lymphoma was compared with that of healthy dogs and analyzed. For this purpose, dogs from veterinary hospitals diagnosed with lymphoma were selected and were further narrowed down to cases of stage IV multicentric lymphoma. Fecal samples from the selected sick and healthy dogs were collected and analyzed using MiSeq sequencing. The gut microbiota in the two groups of dogs was statistically analyzed and compared. The results revealed significant differences in the microbial populations present in sick and healthy dogs. Phylum Actinobacteria and two species (Corynebacterium amycolatum and Streptococcus lutetiensis) were found in high proportions in sick dogs and may be considered as potential biomarkers for canine stage IV multicentric lymphoma. Further investigations need to be conducted to understand the mechanisms they might be involved in. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lymphoma in Animals)
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16 pages, 3346 KiB  
Article
Feline and Canine Cutaneous Lymphocytosis: Reactive Process or Indolent Neoplastic Disease?
by Francesco Albanese, Francesca Abramo, Michele Marino, Maria Massaro, Laura Marconato, Lucia Minoli, Valeria Martini and Luca Aresu
Vet. Sci. 2022, 9(1), 26; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/vetsci9010026 - 11 Jan 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 8717
Abstract
Cutaneous lymphocytosis (CL) is an uncommon and controversial lymphoproliferative disorder described in dogs and cats. CL is generally characterized by a heterogeneous clinical presentation and histological features that may overlap with epitheliotropic lymphoma. Therefore, its neoplastic or reactive nature is still debated. Here, [...] Read more.
Cutaneous lymphocytosis (CL) is an uncommon and controversial lymphoproliferative disorder described in dogs and cats. CL is generally characterized by a heterogeneous clinical presentation and histological features that may overlap with epitheliotropic lymphoma. Therefore, its neoplastic or reactive nature is still debated. Here, we describe clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, and clonality features of a retrospective case series of 19 cats and 10 dogs with lesions histologically compatible with CL. In both species, alopecia, erythema, and scales were the most frequent clinical signs. Histologically, a dermal infiltrate of small to medium-sized lymphocytes, occasionally extending to the subcutis, was always identified. Conversely, when present, epitheliotropism was generally mild. In cats, the infiltrate was consistently CD3+; in dogs, a mixture of CD3+ and CD20+ lymphocytes was observed only in 4 cases. The infiltrate was polyclonal in all cats, while BCR and TCR clonal rearrangements were identified in dogs. Overall, cats had a long-term survival (median overall survival = 1080 days) regardless of the treatment received, while dogs showed a shorter and variable clinical course, with no evident associations with clinicopathological features. In conclusion, our results support a reactive nature of the disease in cats, associated with prolonged survival; despite a similar histological picture, canine CL is associated with a more heterogeneous lymphocytic infiltrate, clonality results, and response to treatment, implying a more challenging discrimination between CL and CEL in this species. A complete diagnostic workup and detailed follow-up information on a higher number of cases is warrant for dogs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lymphoma in Animals)
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11 pages, 2641 KiB  
Article
Prognostic Value of PD-L1, PD-1 and CD8A in Canine Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Detected by RNAscope
by Luca Aresu, Laura Marconato, Valeria Martini, Antonella Fanelli, Luca Licenziato, Greta Foiani, Erica Melchiotti, Arturo Nicoletti and Marta Vascellari
Vet. Sci. 2021, 8(7), 120; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/vetsci8070120 - 29 Jun 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4333
Abstract
Immune checkpoints are a set of molecules dysregulated in several human and canine cancers and aberrations of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis are often correlated with a worse prognosis. To gain an insight into the role of immune checkpoints in canine diffuse large B-cell lymphoma [...] Read more.
Immune checkpoints are a set of molecules dysregulated in several human and canine cancers and aberrations of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis are often correlated with a worse prognosis. To gain an insight into the role of immune checkpoints in canine diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (cDLBCL), we investigated PD-L1, PD-1 and CD8A expression by RNAscope. Results were correlated with several clinico-pathological features, including treatment, Ki67 index and outcome. A total of 33 dogs treated with chemotherapy (n = 12) or chemoimmunotherapy with APAVAC (n = 21) were included. PD-L1 signal was diffusely distributed among neoplastic cells, whereas PD-1 and CD8A were localized in tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. However, PD-1 mRNA was also retrieved in tumor cells. An association between PD-L1 and PD-1 scores was identified and a higher risk of relapse and lymphoma-related death was found in dogs treated with chemotherapy alone and dogs with higher PD-L1 and PD-1 scores. The correlation between PD-L1 and PD-1 is in line with the mechanism of immune checkpoints in cancers, where neoplastic cells overexpress PD-L1 that, in turn, binds PD-1 receptors in activated TIL. We also found that Ki67 index was significantly increased in dogs with the highest PD-L1 and PD-1 scores, indirectly suggesting a role in promoting tumor proliferation. Finally, even if the biological consequence of PD-1+ tumor cells is unknown, our findings suggest that PD-1 intrinsic expression in cDLBCL might contribute to tumor growth escaping adaptive immunity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lymphoma in Animals)
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13 pages, 2174 KiB  
Case Report
Non Epitheliotropic B-Cell Lymphoma with Plasmablastic Differentiation vs. Cutaneous Plasmacytosis in a 12-Years-Old Beagle: Case Presentation and Clinical Review
by Maria Teresa Antognoni, Ambra Lisa Misia, Chiara Brachelente, Luca Mechelli, Andrea Paolini and Arianna Miglio
Vet. Sci. 2021, 8(12), 317; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/vetsci8120317 - 09 Dec 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 6706
Abstract
Cutaneous lymphoid neoplasms and cutaneous plasmacytosis are rare in the dog; in human and in veterinary medicine, these have many clinical, cytological, histological, and phenotypic similarities, and a diagnosis of certainty is not easy. The aim of this study is to describe a [...] Read more.
Cutaneous lymphoid neoplasms and cutaneous plasmacytosis are rare in the dog; in human and in veterinary medicine, these have many clinical, cytological, histological, and phenotypic similarities, and a diagnosis of certainty is not easy. The aim of this study is to describe a case of cutaneous non epitheliotropic B-cell lymphoma (CNEBL) with plasmablastic differentiation vs. multiple cutaneous plasmacytosis (CP) in a dog, since the scarce bibliographic data on these topics. A 12-year-old male Beagle dog was presented for multiple, nodular, cutaneous, and subcutaneous, indolent masses disseminated on the whole body. Cytological, histological, flow cytometric, and immunohistochemical examinations, as well as complete radiographic evaluation, echocardiography, and abdominal ultrasound were performed. Cytology, histopathology, flow cytometric, and immunohistochemical examination, performed on the skin lesions, revealed a B-cell phenotype with plasmablastic differentiation. Nevertheless, a final diagnosis could not be achieved and it was categorized as a case of borderline CNEBL with plasmablastic differentiation versus CP. The dog was treated with a COP chemotherapeutic protocol. Total remission was obtained and relapse occurred 120 days later. To our knowledge, specific markers are actually unavailable to certainly differentiate CNEBL and CP in the dog and future studies are needed to improve knowledge on these pathologies in veterinary medicine, since prognosis and therapy are different. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lymphoma in Animals)
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10 pages, 2397 KiB  
Case Report
Bilateral Renal Large B Cell Lymphoma in a Dog: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
by Emmanouela P. Apostolopoulou, Ioannis Vlemmas, Dimitra Pardali, Katerina K. Adamama-Moraitou, Theofilos Poutahidis, Paraskevi L. Papadopoulou and Georgia D. Brellou
Vet. Sci. 2021, 8(11), 258; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/vetsci8110258 - 01 Nov 2021
Viewed by 3474
Abstract
Canine lymphoma is a commonly reported neoplasia and, in most dogs, arises from lymph nodes before spreading to other organs. Renal lymphoma rarely occurs, and kidneys usually are a secondary site of origin. Primary renal lymphoma is infrequently described in the veterinary literature. [...] Read more.
Canine lymphoma is a commonly reported neoplasia and, in most dogs, arises from lymph nodes before spreading to other organs. Renal lymphoma rarely occurs, and kidneys usually are a secondary site of origin. Primary renal lymphoma is infrequently described in the veterinary literature. In this study, we present a rare case of primary renal lymphoma in a dog and a review of similar cases. A 3-year-old male dog was admitted due to anorexia, weakness and vomiting. Clinical examination revealed bilaterally enlarged kidneys. Imaging demonstrated the presence of multiple renal masses. Cytology of abdominal fluid and kidneys led to the diagnosis of large cell lymphoma. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry on tissue samples taken from the kidneys confirmed the cytological diagnosis of lymphoma and categorized it as primary bilateral renal large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lymphoma in Animals)
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