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Viruses
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Henipaviruses
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Henipaviruses

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Animal Viruses".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2021) | Viewed by 18017

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Hector Aguilar-Carreno

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Research Tower T8016A, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
Interests: entry; egress; interactions of enveloped viruses with host cells; emerging zoonotic paramyxoviruses; vaccines; antiviral strategies

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Henipaviruses are one of the newest genera within the important Paramyxoviridae family of viruses, which includes measles, mumps, human parainfluenza viruses, Newcastle disease virus, etc. The henipaviruses Nipah (NiV) and Hendra (HeV) viruses are the only known zoonotic paramyxoviruses, and NiV and HeV cause high mortality rates in humans and livestock. Additionally, approximately 20 novel henipaviruses have been discovered in recent years, primarily in bat populations. Thus, henipaviruses offer an excellent model to understand viral zoonosis and spillovers into human populations. This issue aims to review the most important aspects of viral pathogenesis, epidemiology, and attempts for vaccine and therapeutic development against these pathogens.

Assoc. Prof. Hector Aguilar-Carreno (publication name Hector C. Aguilar)
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Viruses is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Nipah virus
  • Hendra virus
  • henipavirus
  • paramyxovirus
  • pathogenesis
  • epidemiology
  • vaccine development
  • antivirals

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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23 pages, 2818 KiB  
Article
The Ecology of Nipah Virus in Bangladesh: A Nexus of Land-Use Change and Opportunistic Feeding Behavior in Bats
by Clifton D. McKee, Ausraful Islam, Stephen P. Luby, Henrik Salje, Peter J. Hudson, Raina K. Plowright and Emily S. Gurley
Viruses 2021, 13(2), 169; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/v13020169 - 23 Jan 2021
Cited by 33 | Viewed by 8188
Abstract
Nipah virus is a bat-borne paramyxovirus that produces yearly outbreaks of fatal encephalitis in Bangladesh. Understanding the ecological conditions that lead to spillover from bats to humans can assist in designing effective interventions. To investigate the current and historical processes that drive Nipah [...] Read more.
Nipah virus is a bat-borne paramyxovirus that produces yearly outbreaks of fatal encephalitis in Bangladesh. Understanding the ecological conditions that lead to spillover from bats to humans can assist in designing effective interventions. To investigate the current and historical processes that drive Nipah spillover in Bangladesh, we analyzed the relationship among spillover events and climatic conditions, the spatial distribution and size of Pteropus medius roosts, and patterns of land-use change in Bangladesh over the last 300 years. We found that 53% of annual variation in winter spillovers is explained by winter temperature, which may affect bat behavior, physiology, and human risk behaviors. We infer from changes in forest cover that a progressive shift in bat roosting behavior occurred over hundreds of years, producing the current system where a majority of P. medius populations are small (median of 150 bats), occupy roost sites for 10 years or more, live in areas of high human population density, and opportunistically feed on cultivated food resources—conditions that promote viral spillover. Without interventions, continuing anthropogenic pressure on bat populations similar to what has occurred in Bangladesh could result in more regular spillovers of other bat viruses, including Hendra and Ebola viruses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Henipaviruses)
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Review

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27 pages, 28876 KiB  
Review
Drivers and Distribution of Henipavirus-Induced Syncytia: What Do We Know?
by Amandine Gamble, Yao Yu Yeo, Aubrey A. Butler, Hubert Tang, Celine E. Snedden, Christian T. Mason, David W. Buchholz, John Bingham, Hector C. Aguilar and James O. Lloyd-Smith
Viruses 2021, 13(9), 1755; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/v13091755 - 02 Sep 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4406
Abstract
Syncytium formation, i.e., cell–cell fusion resulting in the formation of multinucleated cells, is a hallmark of infection by paramyxoviruses and other pathogenic viruses. This natural mechanism has historically been a diagnostic marker for paramyxovirus infection in vivo and is now widely used for [...] Read more.
Syncytium formation, i.e., cell–cell fusion resulting in the formation of multinucleated cells, is a hallmark of infection by paramyxoviruses and other pathogenic viruses. This natural mechanism has historically been a diagnostic marker for paramyxovirus infection in vivo and is now widely used for the study of virus-induced membrane fusion in vitro. However, the role of syncytium formation in within-host dissemination and pathogenicity of viruses remains poorly understood. The diversity of henipaviruses and their wide host range and tissue tropism make them particularly appropriate models with which to characterize the drivers of syncytium formation and the implications for virus fitness and pathogenicity. Based on the henipavirus literature, we summarized current knowledge on the mechanisms driving syncytium formation, mostly acquired from in vitro studies, and on the in vivo distribution of syncytia. While these data suggest that syncytium formation widely occurs across henipaviruses, hosts, and tissues, we identified important data gaps that undermined our understanding of the role of syncytium formation in virus pathogenesis. Based on these observations, we propose solutions of varying complexity to fill these data gaps, from better practices in data archiving and publication for in vivo studies, to experimental approaches in vitro. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Henipaviruses)
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12 pages, 5343 KiB  
Review
From Protein to Pandemic: The Transdisciplinary Approach Needed to Prevent Spillover and the Next Pandemic
by Raina K. Plowright and Peter J. Hudson
Viruses 2021, 13(7), 1298; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/v13071298 - 02 Jul 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4399
Abstract
Pandemics are a consequence of a series of processes that span scales from viral biology at 10−9 m to global transmission at 106 m. The pathogen passes from one host species to another through a sequence of events that starts with [...] Read more.
Pandemics are a consequence of a series of processes that span scales from viral biology at 10−9 m to global transmission at 106 m. The pathogen passes from one host species to another through a sequence of events that starts with an infected reservoir host and entails interspecific contact, innate immune responses, receptor protein structure within the potential host, and the global spread of the novel pathogen through the naive host population. Each event presents a potential barrier to the onward passage of the virus and should be characterized with an integrated transdisciplinary approach. Epidemic control is based on the prevention of exposure, infection, and disease. However, the ultimate pandemic prevention is prevention of the spillover event itself. Here, we focus on the potential for preventing the spillover of henipaviruses, a group of viruses derived from bats that frequently cross species barriers, incur high human mortality, and are transmitted among humans via stuttering chains. We outline the transdisciplinary approach needed to prevent the spillover process and, therefore, future pandemics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Henipaviruses)
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