Co-infections and Superinfections in the Respiratory Tract

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 10194

Special Issue Editors

Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France
Interests: respiratory viruses; influenza viruses; respiratory syncytial virus; virus–host interactions; co-infections; superinfections; transcriptional profiling; host-targeted approaches; drug repurposing
Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France
Interests: respiratory viruses; influenza viruses; respiratory syncytial virus; virus–host interactions; co-infections; superinfections; transcriptional profiling; host-targeted approaches; drug repurposing

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Acute respiratory infections, particularly pneumonia, remain one of the leading causes of death worldwide, with viruses and/or bacteria being the main culprits. The upper respiratory tract is the gateway for many different pathogenic viruses, but it is also home to commensal and potentially pathogenic bacterial communities. Microbial interactions can be numerous and complex, with antagonistic and synergistic effects and consequences involving the evolution and sometimes aggravation of respiratory diseases. Interactions between viruses and bacteria have been the subject of numerous in vitro and in vivo studies, mainly focusing on synergistic interactions between influenza viruses and specific bacteria such as S. pneumoniae or S. aureus. However, much remains to be discovered in this field today.

This Special Issue proposes to bring together reviews and studies that are more broadly devoted to microbial interactions in the respiratory tract, whether between different viruses, between bacteria, or between bacteria and viruses. The aim is to bring together various studies, focusing on viral, viral/bacterial co-infections, or superinfections using different approaches and experimental models. Other areas of interest include studies on the host response, biomarker identification, and the development of therapeutic strategies.

Dr. Olivier Terrier
Dr. Justine Oliva
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • respiratory viruses
  • influenza viruses
  • Respiratory Syncytial Virus
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • virus–host interactions
  • co-infections
  • superinfections
  • pathogenic bacteria
  • Staphylococcus aureus
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 622 KiB  
Article
Transient Neutropenia in Immunocompetent Infants with Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
by Tatsuya Korematsu and Hiroshi Koga
Viruses 2021, 13(2), 301; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/v13020301 - 15 Feb 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1850
Abstract
The incidence of neutropenia and the association between neutropenia and severity of respiratory symptoms among infants with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections remain to be elucidated. This single-center, retrospective study included immunocompetent infants (<10 months old) with laboratory-confirmed RSV infection admitted to our [...] Read more.
The incidence of neutropenia and the association between neutropenia and severity of respiratory symptoms among infants with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections remain to be elucidated. This single-center, retrospective study included immunocompetent infants (<10 months old) with laboratory-confirmed RSV infection admitted to our center between January 2012 and December 2019. Incidence of neutropenia (<1.0 × 109/L) within 10 days of onset and risk factors associated with subsequent neutropenia were evaluated. Among the 292 infants with RSV infection, including 232 (79%) with mild infection, neutropenia was observed in 31 (11%), with severe neutropenia (<0.5 × 109/L) in 3 (1.0%). No neutropenic infants developed serious infection or hematological disorder. Infants without neutropenia showed age <3 months at onset in 34%, C-reactive protein level <1.0 mg/L in 27%, and nasopharyngeal microbiota composition with any of Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or Haemophilus influenzae in 63%. In comparison, infants with neutropenia showed age <3 months at onset in 74% (relative risk [RR] 2.15; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.65–2.81), C-reactive protein level <1.0 mg/L in 55% (RR 2.02; 95% CI 1.38–2.94), and microbiota including Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or Haemophilus influenzae in 15% (RR 0.24; 95% CI 0.10–0.61). Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that younger age at onset and absence of that nasopharyngeal microbiota profile were associated with development of neutropenia. In conclusion, age and airway microbiota are considered as risk factors for the development of transient neutropenia among infants with RSV infection. However, the neutropenia seems not to develop serious infection or hematological disorder. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Co-infections and Superinfections in the Respiratory Tract)
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Review

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21 pages, 2059 KiB  
Review
Viral and Bacterial Co-Infections in the Lungs: Dangerous Liaisons
by Justine Oliva and Olivier Terrier
Viruses 2021, 13(9), 1725; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/v13091725 - 30 Aug 2021
Cited by 32 | Viewed by 7428
Abstract
Respiratory tract infections constitute a significant public health problem, with a therapeutic arsenal that remains relatively limited and that is threatened by the emergence of antiviral and/or antibiotic resistance. Viral–bacterial co-infections are very often associated with the severity of these respiratory infections and [...] Read more.
Respiratory tract infections constitute a significant public health problem, with a therapeutic arsenal that remains relatively limited and that is threatened by the emergence of antiviral and/or antibiotic resistance. Viral–bacterial co-infections are very often associated with the severity of these respiratory infections and have been explored mainly in the context of bacterial superinfections following primary influenza infection. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the mechanisms underlying these co-infections between respiratory viruses (influenza viruses, RSV, and SARS-CoV-2) and bacteria, at both the physiological and immunological levels. This review also explores the importance of the microbiome and the pathological context in the evolution of these respiratory tract co-infections and presents the different in vitro and in vivo experimental models available. A better understanding of the complex functional interactions between viruses/bacteria and host cells will allow the development of new, specific, and more effective diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Co-infections and Superinfections in the Respiratory Tract)
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