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Viruses
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Involvement of Body Fluids in SARS-CoV-2 Infection
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Involvement of Body Fluids in SARS-CoV-2 Infection

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2022) | Viewed by 2962

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Janis Müller

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
Interests: emerging viruses; virus transmission; virus inhibition; extracellular vesicles

Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

SARS-CoV-2 RNA, or infectious virions, have been detected in various body fluids and secretions such as respiratory aerosols, saliva, bronchoalveolar lavage, plasma, breast milk or feces. Whether or not virus transmissions via all of these body fluids can occur is not entirely understood, but might be dependent on the virus origin and titers in the respective fluid. Furthermore, components in the body fluid might directly impact virus infectivity and prevent or foster transmission.

In this Special Issue of Viruses, we want to explore how SARS-CoV-2 enters and behaves in different body fluids or how the different body fluids impact SARS-CoV-2 infectivity. Biological fluids might contain antiviral activities that are based on peptides, proteins, lipids, or extracellular vesicles. Such entities might directly influence virus stability and infectivity and thus transmissibility. The understanding of what environment virus transmissions are likely, or why some transmission routes can be excluded, might reveal points of vulnerability of SARS-CoV-2 and lead to the development of new antiviral strategies. Thus, we here want to accumulate data on virus-interfering or -promoting substances in body fluids and drive the development of antiviral strategies crucially required to fight this and future pandemics.

Dr. Janis Müller
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Viruses is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • emerging viruses
  • virus transmission
  • virus inhibition
  • virucidal

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

17 pages, 2769 KiB  
Article
COVID-19 in Elderly, Immunocompromised or Diabetic Patients—From Immune Monitoring to Clinical Management in the Hospital
by Korbinian Wünsch, Olympia E. Anastasiou, Mira Alt, Leonie Brochhagen, Maxim Cherneha, Laura Thümmler, Lukas van Baal, Rabea J. Madel, Monika Lindemann, Christian Taube, Oliver Witzke, Hana Rohn, Adalbert Krawczyk and Sarah Jansen
Viruses 2022, 14(4), 746; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/v14040746 - 01 Apr 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2347
Abstract
The novel, highly transmissible severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has triggered a pandemic of acute respiratory illness worldwide and remains a huge threat to the healthcare system’s capacity to respond to COVID-19. Elderly and immunocompromised patients are at increased risk for [...] Read more.
The novel, highly transmissible severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has triggered a pandemic of acute respiratory illness worldwide and remains a huge threat to the healthcare system’s capacity to respond to COVID-19. Elderly and immunocompromised patients are at increased risk for a severe course of COVID-19. These high-risk groups have been identified as developing diminished humoral and cellular immune responses. Notably, SARS-CoV-2 RNA remains detectable in nasopharyngeal swabs of these patients for a prolonged period of time. These factors complicate the clinical management of these vulnerable patient groups. To date, there are no well-defined guidelines for an appropriate duration of isolation for elderly and immunocompromised patients, especially in hospitals or nursing homes. The aim of the present study was to characterize at-risk patient cohorts capable of producing a replication-competent virus over an extended period after symptomatic COVID-19, and to investigate the humoral and cellular immune responses and infectivity to provide a better basis for future clinical management. In our cohort, the rate of positive viral cultures and the sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 antigen tests correlated with higher viral loads. Elderly patients and patients with diabetes mellitus had adequate cellular and humoral immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection, while immunocompromised patients had reduced humoral and cellular immune responses. Our patient cohort was hospitalized for longer compared with previously published cohorts. Longer hospitalization was associated with a high number of nosocomial infections, representing a potential hazard for additional complications to patients. Most importantly, regardless of positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection, no virus was culturable beyond a cycle threshold (ct) value of 33 in the majority of samples. Our data clearly indicate that elderly and diabetic patients develop a robust immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and may be safely de-isolated at a ct value of more than 35. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Involvement of Body Fluids in SARS-CoV-2 Infection)
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