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Plant Viruses: Current and Emerging Threats to Agricultural Crop Production

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A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Viruses of Plants, Fungi and Protozoa".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 12216

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Aiming Wang

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Guest Editor

London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada
Interests: potyviruses; tobamoviruses; ilaviruses; molecular plant-virus interactions; viral replication; viral cell-to-cell movement; viral vector; genetic resistance
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Adrian A. Valli

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Guest Editor

Spanish National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Calle Darwin 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain
Interests: RNA virus; Plant-Virus Interaction; Plant-Virus co-evolution; RNA silencing; antiviral defense; Food Security; Plant Biotechnology

Prof. Dr. Hongguang Cui

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Avenue, HaiKou, 570228, China
Interests: Virus Identification; Virus clone; Pathogenicity; Potyviridae; Virus-Host Interactions

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The discovery of the first virus, tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), in the 1890’s led to the establishment of virology as a subject of science. Viruses infect all living organisms, from animals and plants to microorganisms. Viral spread may be accelerated by international trade, human mobility, and global warming. Viral infection can cause severe disease, death, and catastrophic losses. It is well known that a number of plant viruses are linked to devastating pathogens that impede crop production. These viruses include, but are not limited to, TMV, potato virus Y (PVY), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV), tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV), plum pox virus (PPV), brome mosaic virus (BMV), turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), citrus tristeza virus (CTV), sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV), papaya ringspot virus (PRSV), soybean mosaic virus (SMV), lettuce mosaic virus (LMV), potato virus X (PVX), bean common mosaic virus (BCMV), zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV), cassava brown streak virus (CBSV), and wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV). In addition, some newly emerging viruses also pose serious threats to agricultural production. The development of novel antiviral strategies relies on a better understanding of viruses themselves as pathogens and the viral infection process. This Special Issue of Viruses aims to publish state-of-the-art virology research on current and emerging plant viruses that threaten crop production.

We look forward to receiving your submissions for this Special Issue.

Dr. Aiming Wang
Dr. Adrian A. Valli
Prof. Dr. Hongguang Cui
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Viruses is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

viral pathogenicity
virus movement
replication
virus induced gene silencing
RNA silencing suppressor
molecular plant-virus interaction
genetic resistance
virus-vector interaction and transmission
autophagy
virus evolution

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 2815 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Fine Mapping the Soybean Mosaic Virus Resistance Gene in Soybean Cultivar Heinong 84 and Development of CAPS Markers for Rapid Identification

by Yong Li, Xinlei Liu, Wenjia Deng, Jiahui Liu, Yue Fang, Ye Liu, Tingshuai Ma, Ying Zhang, Yongguo Xue, Xiaofei Tang, Dan Cao, Zhifei Zhu, Xiaoyan Luan and Xiaofei Cheng

Viruses 2022, 14(11), 2533; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/v14112533 - 16 Nov 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1424

Abstract

Heinong 84 is one of the major soybean varieties growing in Northeast China, and is resistant to the infection of all strains of soybean mosaic virus (SMV) in the region including the most prevalent strain, N3. However, the resistance gene(s) in Heinong 84 and the resistant mechanism are still elusive. In this study, genetic and next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based bulk segregation analysis (BSA) were performed to map the resistance gene using a segregation population from the cross of Heinong 84 and a susceptible cultivar to strain N3, Zhonghuang 13. Results show that the resistance of Heinong 84 is controlled by a dominant gene on chromosome 13. Further analyses suggest that the resistance gene in Heinong 84 is probably an allele of Rsv1. Finally, two pairs of single-nucleotide-polymorphism (SNP)-based primers that are tightly cosegregated with the resistance gene were designed for rapidly identifying resistant progenies in breeding via the cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) assay. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Viruses: Current and Emerging Threats to Agricultural Crop Production)

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15 pages, 2030 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Prospective Alternate Hosts of an Emerging Polerovirus in Cotton Landscapes in the Southeastern United States

by Sudeep Pandey, Sudeep Bag, Phillip Roberts, Kassie Conner, Kipling S. Balkcom, Andrew J. Price, Alana L. Jacobson and Rajagopalbabu Srinivasan

Viruses 2022, 14(10), 2249; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/v14102249 - 13 Oct 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2400

Abstract

The identification of alternate hosts that can act as virus inoculum sources and vector reservoirs in the landscape is critical to understanding virus epidemics. Cotton leafroll dwarf virus (CLRDV) is a serious pathogen in cotton production and is transmitted by the cotton/melon aphid, Aphis gossypii, in a persistent, circulative, and non-propagative manner. CLRDV was first reported in the United States in Alabama in 2017, and thereafter in several cotton-producing states. CLRDV has since established itself in the southeastern United States. The role of alternate hosts in CLRDV establishment is not clear. Fourteen common plant species in the landscape, including crops, weeds, and ornamentals (cotton, hollyhock, marshmallow, country mallow, abutilon, arrowleaf sida, okra, hibiscus, squash, chickpea, evening primrose, henbit, Palmer amaranth, and prickly sida) were tested as potential alternate hosts of CLRDV along with an experimental host (Nicotiana benthamiana) via aphid-mediated transmission assays. CLRDV was detected following inoculation in hibiscus, okra, N. benthamiana, Palmer amaranth, and prickly sida by RT-PCR, but not in the others. CLRDV accumulation determined by RT-qPCR was the highest in N. benthamiana compared with cotton and other hosts. However, aphids feeding on CLRDV-infected prickly sida, hibiscus, and okra alone were able to acquire CLRDV and back-transmit it to non-infected cotton seedlings. Additionally, some of the alternate CLRDV hosts supported aphid development on par with cotton. However, in a few instances, aphid fitness was reduced when compared with cotton. Overall, this study demonstrated that plant hosts in the agricultural landscape can serve as CLRDV inoculum sources and as aphid reservoirs and could possibly play a role in the reoccurring epidemics of CLRDV in the southeastern United States. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Viruses: Current and Emerging Threats to Agricultural Crop Production)

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27 pages, 1269 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Mathematical Modeling Suggests Cooperation of Plant-Infecting Viruses

by Joshua Miller, Tessa M. Burch-Smith and Vitaly V. Ganusov

Viruses 2022, 14(4), 741; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/v14040741 - 31 Mar 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1925

Abstract

Viruses are major pathogens of agricultural crops. Viral infections often start after the virus enters the outer layer of a tissue, and many successful viruses, after local replication in the infected tissue, are able to spread systemically. Quantitative details of virus dynamics in plants, however, are poorly understood, in part, because of the lack of experimental methods which allow the accurate measurement of the degree of infection in individual plant tissues. Recently, a group of researchers followed the kinetics of infection of individual cells in leaves of Nicotiana tabacum plants using Tobacco etch virus (TEV) expressing either Venus or blue fluorescent protein (BFP). Assuming that viral spread occurs from lower to upper leaves, the authors fitted a simple mathematical model to the frequency of cellular infection by the two viral variants found using flow cytometry. While the original model could accurately describe the kinetics of viral spread locally and systemically, we found that many alternative versions of the model, for example, if viral spread starts at upper leaves and progresses to lower leaves or when virus dissemination is stopped due to an immune response, fit the data with reasonable quality, and yet with different parameter estimates. These results strongly suggest that experimental measurements of the virus infection in individual leaves may not be sufficient to identify the pathways of viral dissemination between different leaves and reasons for viral control. We propose experiments that may allow discrimination between the alternatives. By analyzing the kinetics of coinfection of individual cells by Venus and BFP strains of TEV we found a strong deviation from the random infection model, suggesting cooperation between the two strains when infecting plant cells. Importantly, we showed that many mathematical models on the kinetics of coinfection of cells with two strains could not adequately describe the data, and the best fit model needed to assume (i) different susceptibility of uninfected cells to infection by two viruses locally in the leaf vs. systemically from other leaves, and (ii) decrease in the infection rate depending on the fraction of uninfected cells which could be due to a systemic immune response. Our results thus demonstrate the difficulty in reaching definite conclusions from extensive and yet limited experimental data and provide evidence of potential cooperation between different viral variants infecting individual cells in plants. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Viruses: Current and Emerging Threats to Agricultural Crop Production)

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Review

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20 pages, 1518 KiB

Open AccessReview

Manipulation of the Cellular Membrane-Cytoskeleton Network for RNA Virus Replication and Movement in Plants

by Rongrong He, Yinzi Li, Mark A. Bernards and Aiming Wang

Viruses 2023, 15(3), 744; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/v15030744 - 14 Mar 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1996

Abstract

Viruses infect all cellular life forms and cause various diseases and significant economic losses worldwide. The majority of viruses are positive-sense RNA viruses. A common feature of infection by diverse RNA viruses is to induce the formation of altered membrane structures in infected host cells. Indeed, upon entry into host cells, plant-infecting RNA viruses target preferred organelles of the cellular endomembrane system and remodel organellar membranes to form organelle-like structures for virus genome replication, termed as the viral replication organelle (VRO) or the viral replication complex (VRC). Different viruses may recruit different host factors for membrane modifications. These membrane-enclosed virus-induced replication factories provide an optimum, protective microenvironment to concentrate viral and host components for robust viral replication. Although different viruses prefer specific organelles to build VROs, at least some of them have the ability to exploit alternative organellar membranes for replication. Besides being responsible for viral replication, VROs of some viruses can be mobile to reach plasmodesmata (PD) via the endomembrane system, as well as the cytoskeleton machinery. Viral movement protein (MP) and/or MP-associated viral movement complexes also exploit the endomembrane-cytoskeleton network for trafficking to PD where progeny viruses pass through the cell-wall barrier to enter neighboring cells. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Viruses: Current and Emerging Threats to Agricultural Crop Production)

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29 pages, 899 KiB

Open AccessReview

Decades of Genetic Research on Soybean mosaic virus Resistance in Soybean

by Mariola Usovsky, Pengyin Chen, Dexiao Li, Aiming Wang, Ainong Shi, Cuiming Zheng, Ehsan Shakiba, Dongho Lee, Caio Canella Vieira, Yi Chen Lee, Chengjun Wu, Innan Cervantez and Dekun Dong

Viruses 2022, 14(6), 1122; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/v14061122 - 24 May 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3264

Abstract

This review summarizes the history and current state of the known genetic basis for soybean resistance to Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), and examines how the integration of molecular markers has been utilized in breeding for crop improvement. SVM causes yield loss and seed quality reduction in soybean based on the SMV strain and the host genotype. Understanding the molecular underpinnings of SMV–soybean interactions and the genes conferring resistance to SMV has been a focus of intense research interest for decades. Soybean reactions are classified into three main responses: resistant, necrotic, or susceptible. Significant progress has been achieved that has greatly increased the understanding of soybean germplasm diversity, differential reactions to SMV strains, genotype–strain interactions, genes/alleles conferring specific reactions, and interactions among resistance genes and alleles. Many studies that aimed to uncover the physical position of resistance genes have been published in recent decades, collectively proposing different candidate genes. The studies on SMV resistance loci revealed that the resistance genes are mainly distributed on three chromosomes. Resistance has been pyramided in various combinations for durable resistance to SMV strains. The causative genes are still elusive despite early successes in identifying resistance alleles in soybean; however, a gene at the Rsv4 locus has been well validated. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Viruses: Current and Emerging Threats to Agricultural Crop Production)

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