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Emerging Solutions for Active Water Governance: Intellectual Decision and Smart Control

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A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Water Resources Management, Policy and Governance".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (21 October 2022) | Viewed by 14106

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Yizi Shang

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Guest Editor

State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycles in River Basins, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, China
Interests: hydrology; water resources engineering; hydraulics; river dynamics; electrical engineering and automation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Yongping Wei

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Guest Editor

School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
Interests: earth and environmental science
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Ling Shang

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Guest Editor

School of Network and Communication, Nanjing Vocational College of Informaiton Technolgoy, Nanjing, China
Interests: hydro-informatics; super computing; automation

Prof. Dr. Akiyuki Kawasaki

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Guest Editor

Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Interests: disaster risk reduction; flood; river basin; hydropower plant; planning poverty; GIS

Prof. Dr. Yuchuan Wang

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Guest Editor

College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest Agricalture and Forest University, Xianyang, China
Interests: water conservancy machinery

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Water, as the source of all life, is essential to human life and production activities. Water governance refers to the regulation and allocation of water and water areas in nature through various measures, in order to develop, utilize and protect water resources while preventing floods and droughts for the needs of human survival and development. In primitive society, human beings did not have the ability to change the natural environment due to low productivity. People lived where water and grass were available, with hills to protect them from floods. Living by fishing, hunting, gathering, and nomadism, people could only seek benefits from natural water while avoiding hazards. Such passive adaptation is regarded as passive water governance. In slave society and feudal society, iron tools enabled people to develop agriculture on both sides of rivers, giving rise to villages and towns. Active water governance came into view to meet the needs of flood control, drainage, irrigation, shipping, and urban water supply.

Following the industrial revolution, the rapid development of production technology and economy in various countries was accompanied by the excessive exploitation or ineffective protection of natural resources in some places, which had caused bad results. In these areas, human activities have occupied an unduly high proportion in the water cycle, exceeding the carrying capacity of natural resources. This posed many new challenges to active water governance. Water shortage associated with water resources, water structures, and water quality existed to varying degrees among regions. Ecological problems also emerged in some regions, such as river and lake dry-up, wetland shrinkage, and land subsidence. In this period, new theories such as system theory, cybernetics, and information theory, and new information technologies such as microcomputers, remote sensing, and microwave communications came into being. In the 21st century, new smart and intelligent technologies have been applied to the development, utilization, protection, allocation, and dispatch of water resources, such as cloud computing, big data, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, water models, and sensors. These theories and methods provide strong scientific and technological support for us to dig deep to pinpoint the root cause of water problems and take proactive, targeted, and pragmatic water governance strategies to completely solve water problems. At present, considerable progress has been made in the intensive and economical use and strict management of water resources, the optimal strategic pattern of water resources, and the protection and governance of rivers and lakes.

This Special Issue intends to present innovative applications of new methods and new technologies in the development, utilization, protection, allocation, and dispatch of water resources. Suitable research papers for this topic can include, but not be limited to, the following:

(1) Intellectual decision for active water governance

Theory and practice in interconnected river (lake and reservoir) system network;
Resilient urban water system construction and adaptive planning;
Planning and layout of soil and water conservation and check dam system;
Layout optimization of wired and wireless sensor nodes;
Water conservancy big data, digital twin, and intelligent simulation;
Dispatch decision theory, model, and empirical analysis.

(2) Smart control for active water governance

Flow pattern analysis and hydraulic control of water delivery via channels and pipelines;
Transition process analysis and transient flow control of pump station and units;
Multi-dimensional safe scheduling and risk control of cascade hydropower stations and reservoir groups;
Joint regulation and automatic control of sluice-dam-pump water quantity and water quality;
Reservoir water-sediment joint optimized scheduling and artificial disturbance of water and sediment regulation.

(3) Development model, governance experience and policy implications

Optimal allocation of water resources in river basins and regions with balanced time and space;
Capacity configuration and scheduling of multi-energy complementary system of hydropower and wind and solar power;
Industrial, agricultural and domestic water conservation and assessment of potential water savings;
Water environmental protection and ecological restoration of river basins and regions (cities, irrigation areas);
Virtual water, water rights, water market, and innovative management concepts.

Prof. Dr. Yizi Shang
Prof. Dr. Yongping Wei
Prof. Dr. Ling Shang
Prof. Dr. Akiyuki Kawasaki
Prof. Dr. Yuchuan Wang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

water resources planning and management
smart water grid
water transfer project
dynamic monitoring system
intellectual decision
smart flow control
gates
pumping stations
reserviors
water ecology and water enviroment
water saving

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 1531 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Predictive Analysis Method of Shafting Vibration for the Hydraulic-Turbine Generator Unit

by Wuchang Wang, Yizi Shang and Zhifeng Yao

Water 2022, 14(17), 2714; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w14172714 - 31 Aug 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2432

Abstract

The shafting vibration for the Hydraulic-Turbine Generator Unit (HGU) inevitably affects the safe and stable operation of the Units. Excessive shafting vibration could cause fatigue damage of materials, which eventually leads to malfunction of HGU and even results in damage accidents in serious cases. Generally speaking, the vibration is mainly generated from the high-speed rotation of the shafting, and mechanical, hydraulic, and electrical factors as the vibration exciting sources may be coupled all to cause a vibration of the HGU, so it is necessary to take the whole shafting as a specific object of study. In recent years, many scholars have conducted much research on them and their results are focused more on how to control the influence of external excitation sources of vibration, but still lack consideration of the shafting’s internal mechanism of vibration. In this paper, a predictive analysis method is proposed to reveal the internal mechanism of vibration. Starting from the analysis of natural vibration characteristics of the shafting, this study establishes the finite element calculation model of the shafting of the HGU based on the finite element analysis method. By selecting appropriate research methods and calculation procedures, the modal analysis of the dynamic characteristics of the shafting structure is carried out. Finally, the first ten-order natural vibration characteristics and critical rotational speed of the shafting structure are successfully calculated, and the results conform to the basic laws of shafting vibration. In addition, by comparing the relationship between rotational frequency such as the rated speed, runaway speed, and critical speed of the shafting, the possibility of resonance of the HGU is analyzed and predicted, and then some suggestions for optimization design such as increasing the shafting’s stiffness and balancing its mass distribution are proposed. Therefore, this study provides a basis for guiding the structural design and optimization of the shaft system in engineering, and avoids the resonance caused by the excitation source such as rotational frequency, thereby ensuring the safe and stable operation of the HGU. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Solutions for Active Water Governance: Intellectual Decision and Smart Control)

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12 pages, 2136 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

CME-YOLOv5: An Efficient Object Detection Network for Densely Spaced Fish and Small Targets

by Jianyuan Li, Chunna Liu, Xiaochun Lu and Bilang Wu

Water 2022, 14(15), 2412; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w14152412 - 03 Aug 2022

Cited by 24 | Viewed by 4269

Abstract

Fish are indicative species with a relatively balanced ecosystem. Underwater target fish detection is of great significance to fishery resource investigations. Traditional investigation methods cannot meet the increasing requirements of environmental protection and investigation, and the existing target detection technology has few studies on the dynamic identification of underwater fish and small targets. To reduce environmental disturbances and solve the problems of many fish, dense, mutual occlusion and difficult detection of small targets, an improved CME-YOLOv5 network is proposed to detect fish in dense groups and small targets. First, the coordinate attention (CA) mechanism and cross-stage partial networks with 3 convolutions (C3) structure are fused into the C3CA module to replace the C3 module of the backbone in you only look once (YOLOv5) to improve the extraction of target feature information and detection accuracy. Second, the three detection layers are expanded to four, which enhances the model’s ability to capture information in different dimensions and improves detection performance. Finally, the efficient intersection over union (EIOU) loss function is used instead of the generalized intersection over union (GIOU) loss function to optimize the convergence rate and location accuracy. Based on the actual image data and a small number of datasets obtained online, the experimental results showed that the mean average precision ([email protected]) of the proposed algorithm reached 94.9%, which is 4.4 percentage points higher than that of the YOLOv5 algorithm, and the number of fish and small target detection performances was 24.6% higher. The results show that our proposed algorithm exhibits good detection performance when applied to densely spaced fish and small targets and can be used as an alternative or supplemental method for fishery resource investigation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Solutions for Active Water Governance: Intellectual Decision and Smart Control)

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28 pages, 2009 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Long-, Medium-, and Short-Term Nested Optimized-Scheduling Model for Cascade Hydropower Plants: Development and Practical Application

by Ling Shang, Xiaofei Li, Haifeng Shi, Feng Kong, Ying Wang and Yizi Shang

Water 2022, 14(10), 1586; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w14101586 - 16 May 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1913

Abstract

This paper presents a nested approach for generating long-term, medium-term, and short-term reservoir scheduling models, which is based on the actual needs of the scheduling operation of the Three Gorges–Gezhouba (TG-GZB) cascade reservoirs. The approach has established a five-tier optimal scheduling model in which the time interval of the scheduling plan prepared by the model can be as short as 15 min, meeting the real-time scheduling requirements of the cascade hydropower station system. This study also presents a comparatively comprehensive introduction to all solving algorithms that have ever been adopted in the multi-time scale coordinated and optimized scheduling model. Based on that, some practical and efficient solving algorithms are developed for the characteristics of the scheduling model, including the coupled iterative method of alternating reservoirs (CIMAR)—the improved dynamic programming (IDP) algorithm and the improved genetic algorithm (IGA). In addition, optimized-scheduling solutions were generated by each of the three algorithms and were compared in terms of their convergence rate, calculation time, electric energy generated, and standard deviation of the algorithm. The results based on the Cascade Scheduling and Communication System (CSCS) of Three Gorges–Gezhouba, China, which includes two interlinked mega-scale reservoir projects, show that scheduling models have better efficiency and good convergence, and more importantly, the maximization of the power generation benefits of the hydropower plants has been achieved without violating any of the reservoir scheduling regulations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Solutions for Active Water Governance: Intellectual Decision and Smart Control)

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15 pages, 2506 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Development of Method for Assessing Water Footprint Sustainability

by Ziyao Xu, Jijian Lian, Ran Wang, Ying Qiu, Tianhua Song and Kaixun Hua

Water 2022, 14(5), 694; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w14050694 - 22 Feb 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1718

Abstract

Large scale production of water-intensive industrial products can intensify water scarcity, resulting in potential unsustainable water use at local and regional scales. This study proposes a methodological framework for assessing the WF sustainability of multiple interdependent products in a system, and one of China’s four major large modern coal chemical industry bases is used as a case study. A Mixed-Unit Input-Output (MUIO) model was applied to calculate the blue water footprint (WF) for 19 major coal-based energy and chemicals in the study area, based on which the WF sustainability of production of the products were assessed using different indicators. Technical coefficient matrix and direct water consumption vector of the products were constructed based a database that were built by field research in the study area. Accounting result indicates that the blue WF of the coal-based products range from 2.5 × 10⁻⁴ m³/kWh for coal-fired power to 55.25 m³/t for Polytetrahydrofuran. The sustainability assessment reveals that the blue WF of all products produced in the study area are sustainable at both product and regional levels, while over half of them have reached the advanced level. However, the blue WF of a few products with large production capacities has just crossed the sustainable thresholds, posing potential threat to the local environment. This paper concludes with a discussion on the choice of blue WF accounting approach, methods to promote WF sustainability of coal-based products, and suggestions for the WF management in general. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Solutions for Active Water Governance: Intellectual Decision and Smart Control)

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Other

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16 pages, 11274 KiB

Open AccessTechnical Note

Flood Disaster Monitoring and Emergency Assessment Based on Multi-Source Remote Sensing Observations

by Tianjie Lei, Jiabao Wang, Xiangyu Li, Weiwei Wang, Changliang Shao and Baoyin Liu

Water 2022, 14(14), 2207; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w14142207 - 13 Jul 2022

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2858

Abstract

Flood disasters are one of the most serious meteorological disasters in China. With the rapid development of information technology, individual monitoring tools could not meet the need for flood disaster monitoring. Therefore, a new integrated air-space-ground method, based on combined satellite remote sensing, unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing and field measurement technology, has been proposed to monitor and assess flood disasters caused by a dam failure in Poyang County, Jiangxi Province. In this paper, based on an air-space-ground investigation system, the general flooded areas, severely affected areas, and more severely affected areas were 53.18 km², 12.61 km² and 6.98 km², respectively. The size of the dam break gap was about 65 m and 34.7 m on 22 and 23 June. The assessment precision was better than 98%, and the root mean square error (RMSE) was 0.86 m. The method could meet the needs for flood disaster information at different spatiotemporal scales, such as macro scale, medium scale and local small scale. The integrated monitoring of flood disasters was carried out to provide the whole process and all-round information on flood evolution dynamics, the disaster development process for flood disaster monitoring and emergency assessment, and holographic information for emergency rescue and disaster reduction, as well as to meet the need for different temporal and spatial scales of information in the process of disaster emergencies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Solutions for Active Water Governance: Intellectual Decision and Smart Control)

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