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Water
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Wastewater Bio-Ecological Treatment
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Wastewater Bio-Ecological Treatment

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Wastewater Treatment and Reuse".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 August 2023) | Viewed by 11540

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Jibiao Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Yangpu 200433, China
Interests: advanced sewage treatment; ecological technology and engineering application

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The bio-ecological treatment technologies of sewage are more and more widely used in the world. In recent years, researchers can simultaneously purify gas or realize energy recovery while purifying sewage, which has attracted more and more attention. Also, the migration and transformation of emerging pollutants are deeply studied in the process of wastewater bio-ecological treatment. This topic will collect the latest research findings of researchers in this field, in order to point out the directions for new researches and provide technical parameters for engineering application.

Dr. Jibiao Zhang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Biological purification
  • Ecological restoration
  • Anaerobic and aerobic processes
  • Wetland treatment
  • Land Treatment
  • Biofilm

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 1559 KiB  
Article
Unsaturated Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland for Chlorothalonil Remediation with Target Application in Ethiopian Floriculture Industry
by Stan Wehbe, Feleke Zewge, Yoshihiko Inagaki, Wolfram Sievert, Tirumala Uday Kumar Nutakki and Akshay Deshpande
Water 2023, 15(18), 3282; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w15183282 - 17 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 906
Abstract
The Ethiopian floriculture industry produces large amounts of wastewater, which requires treatment systems with lower retention times, higher hydraulic flow, and higher hydraulic loading rates (HLRs). Unsaturated vertical flow constructed wetlands (UVF-CWs), which represent these characteristics, have not been studied in depth for [...] Read more.
The Ethiopian floriculture industry produces large amounts of wastewater, which requires treatment systems with lower retention times, higher hydraulic flow, and higher hydraulic loading rates (HLRs). Unsaturated vertical flow constructed wetlands (UVF-CWs), which represent these characteristics, have not been studied in depth for chlorothalonil remediation from wastewater. In this study, six UVF-CWs and nine pumping stations were organized into three experimental groups as three independent two-stage CW systems. The influent was pumped into the first vertical-flow stage, after which the effluent was collected and pumped into the second vertical-flow stage. The stage A and stage B effluents were tested for chlorothalonil removal at three different HLR of 50, 200, and 400 L d−1 m−2 and two influent chlorothalonil concentrations of 100 and 500 µg L−1. The chlorothalonil levels for the stage A effluent at an HLR of 50 L d−1 m−2 for both influent chlorothalonil concentrations were below the detection limit of 0.08 µg L−1. A maximum chlorothalonil concentration of 7.9 and 196 µg L−1 was observed in the stage A effluent for influent concentrations of 100 and 500 µg L−1, respectively. The chlorothalonil levels for the stage B effluent were all below the detection limit of 0.08 µg L−1. A final chlorothalonil removal efficiency of at least 99.9% was observed for both influent chlorothalonil concentrations at the three HLRs used. These results demonstrated that UVF-CWs represent a viable solution for chlorothalonil remediation in the Ethiopian floriculture industry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wastewater Bio-Ecological Treatment)
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14 pages, 4837 KiB  
Article
Partially Saturated Vertical Constructed Wetlands and Free-Flow Vertical Constructed Wetlands for Pilot-Scale Municipal/Swine Wastewater Treatment Using Heliconia latispatha
by José Antonio Fernández Viveros, Georgina Martínez-Reséndiz, Florentina Zurita, José Luis Marín-Muñiz, María Cristina López Méndez, Sergio Zamora and Luis Carlos Sandoval Herazo
Water 2022, 14(23), 3860; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w14233860 - 27 Nov 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1852
Abstract
Partially saturated vertical constructed wetlands (PSV-CWs) and free-flow vertical constructed wetlands (FFV-CWS) are treatment systems for which there is limited information on their operation in tropical climates and even scarcer information on their use for municipal/swine wastewater treatment. In this work, the removal [...] Read more.
Partially saturated vertical constructed wetlands (PSV-CWs) and free-flow vertical constructed wetlands (FFV-CWS) are treatment systems for which there is limited information on their operation in tropical climates and even scarcer information on their use for municipal/swine wastewater treatment. In this work, the removal of pollutants from municipal wastewater mixed with swine effluents was evaluated using PSV-CWs and FFV-CWs, at pilot scale, with the presence and absence of vegetation in a tropical climate. Six vertical flow CWs made up of polyvinyl chloride (1 m high and 0.5 m in diameter) were used; three were operated with free-flow conditions and three with partially saturated conditions. In each type of configuration, two reactors were planted with an individual of Heliconia latispatha, and one remained without vegetation. They were fed with municipal wastewater mixed with 50% of swine wastewater. Their ability to remove COD, TSS, TP, TN, N-NH4, and N-NO3 and plant development were evaluated. Heliconia latispatha registered better results of adaptation and vegetative development in the PSV-CWs in comparison with FFV-CWs measured as total biomass (5697.1 g/m2 and 5095.7 g/m2, respectively). PSV-CWs were slightly better for TSS elimination (4.21%), while FFV-CWs presented a better performance for TN removal (3.76%), N-NH4 (3.94%) and N-NO3 (4.76%) in the systems with vegetation; no significant difference (p ˃ 0.05) was found between the two types of CWs for the removal of COD and TP. However, significant differences (p ˂ 0.05) were found between the systems with vegetation and those without vegetation in both configurations. These results demonstrate that PSV-CWs represent a better option for the treatment of municipal/swine wastewater since their efficiency was slightly higher than, or similar to that of, FFV-CWs and allowed a better development of H. latispatha. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wastewater Bio-Ecological Treatment)
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11 pages, 2308 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Algicidal and Denitrifying Bacteria on the Vertical Distribution of Cyanobacteria and Nutrients
by Qing Zhou, Yan Wang, Xuezheng Wen, Haiqin Liu, Yingying Zhang and Zhiyong Zhang
Water 2022, 14(13), 2129; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w14132129 - 04 Jul 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1866
Abstract
Algicidal bacteria combined with the ability of aerobic denitrification is considered to be a promising way to control harmful cyanobacterial bloom and remove nitrogen. However, the effect of these bacteria on the vertical distribution of colonial cyanobacteria and nutrients remained unknown. In this [...] Read more.
Algicidal bacteria combined with the ability of aerobic denitrification is considered to be a promising way to control harmful cyanobacterial bloom and remove nitrogen. However, the effect of these bacteria on the vertical distribution of colonial cyanobacteria and nutrients remained unknown. In this study, two algicidal and denitrifying bacteria were respectively co-cultured with the colonial Microcystis aeruginosa to construct the microcosm systems, and then the cyanobacteria number, the ratio of bacterial to cyanobacterial abundance, the content of dissolved nitrogen, phosphorus and organic carbon in different water layers were investigated. The results showed that the distribution difference of Microcystis among the vertical water layers was further enlarged due to the short-term influence of algicidal bacteria Brevundimonas diminuta and Pseudomonas stutzeri. The number of Microcystis in the lower layer was further reduced by the inhibitory effect of the algicidal bacteria. However, there was a dramatic increase in the number of Microcystis in the upper layer, even when the ratio of algicidal bacteria to cyanobacteria increased significantly. B. diminuta and P. stutzeri both greatly promoted the removal of dissolved total nitrogen in the upper and middle layers of cyanobacteria blooming water, but they also boosted the release of dissolved phosphorus in all layers. These results enable us to better understand the possible limitations of algicidal bacteria in their application to control cyanobacteria blooms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wastewater Bio-Ecological Treatment)
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11 pages, 2038 KiB  
Article
Removal of Nutrients and Pesticides from Agricultural Runoff Using Microalgae and Cyanobacteria
by Miguel A. Castellanos-Estupiñan, Astrid M. Carrillo-Botello, Linell S. Rozo-Granados, Dorance Becerra-Moreno, Janet B. García-Martínez, Néstor A. Urbina-Suarez, Germán L. López-Barrera, Andrés F. Barajas-Solano, Samantha J. Bryan and Antonio Zuorro
Water 2022, 14(4), 558; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w14040558 - 12 Feb 2022
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3232
Abstract
The use of pesticides in agriculture has ensured the production of different crops. However, pesticides have become an emerging public health problem for Latin American countries due to their excessive use, inadequate application, toxic characteristics, and minimal residue control. The current project evaluates [...] Read more.
The use of pesticides in agriculture has ensured the production of different crops. However, pesticides have become an emerging public health problem for Latin American countries due to their excessive use, inadequate application, toxic characteristics, and minimal residue control. The current project evaluates the ability of two strains of algae (Chlorella and Scenedesmus sp.) and one cyanobacteria (Hapalosyphon sp.) to remove excess pesticides and other nutrients present in runoff water from rice production. Different concentrations of wastewater and carbon sources (Na2CO3 and NaHCO3) were evaluated. According to the results, all three strains can be grown in wastewater without dilution (100%), with a biomass concentration comparable to a synthetic medium. All three strains significantly reduced the concentration of NO3 and PO4 (95 and 85%, respectively), with no difference between Na2CO3 or NaHCO3. Finally, Chlorella sp. obtained the highest removal efficiency of the pesticide (Chlorpyrifos), followed by Scenedesmus and Hapalosyphon sp. (100, 75, and 50%, respectively). This work shows that it is possible to use this type of waste as an alternative source of nutrients to obtain biomass and metabolites of interest, such as lipids and carbohydrates, to produce biofuels. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wastewater Bio-Ecological Treatment)
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14 pages, 1754 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of the Light/Dark Cycle and Concentration of Tannery Wastewater in the Production of Biomass and Metabolites of Industrial Interest from Microalgae and Cyanobacteria
by Néstor A. Urbina-Suarez, Darly D. Ayala-González, Jennyfer D. Rivera-Amaya, Andrés F. Barajas-Solano and Fiderman Machuca-Martínez
Water 2022, 14(3), 346; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w14030346 - 25 Jan 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2852
Abstract
The tanning industry transforms animal skins into leather and produces liquid effluents with a high organic and inorganic pollutant load. This work evaluated the effect of the tannery wastewater (TWW) concentration and the light/dark cycle on the production of biomass, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, [...] Read more.
The tanning industry transforms animal skins into leather and produces liquid effluents with a high organic and inorganic pollutant load. This work evaluated the effect of the tannery wastewater (TWW) concentration and the light/dark cycle on the production of biomass, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and pigments (carotenoids and phycobiliproteins) on two microalgae (Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus sp.) and one cyanobacterium (Hapalosiphon sp.). A non-factorial central experimental design with a response surface was implemented using the STATISTICA 7.0 software. High removal percentages for nitrates (97%), phosphates (73.3%), and chemical oxygen demand (93.2%) were achieved with the three strains. The results also highlight that the use of a constant light regime (24:0) and the concentration of real TWW affect the biomass production, since the highest concentration of biomass recorded was 1.31 g L−1 of Hapalosiphon sp. with 100% undiluted wastewater. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wastewater Bio-Ecological Treatment)
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