Application of High-Resolution Geophysical Methods in Studying the Coastal Environment (Land and Sea)

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Oceans and Coastal Zones".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2022) | Viewed by 4428

Special Issue Editor

Department of Marine Geosciences, Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
Interests: marine geology; marine geophysics; coastal geology; shallow geophysical methods; neotectonics; geophysics and archaeology; science outreach
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue of Water will focus on the application of high-resolution geophysical methods in coastal areas. The broader goal is to examine how geophysical methods can be used to study the shallow subsurface to detect, analyze, and interpret Holocene-to-recent processes of tectonics and geology and their effect on human populations. These processes can include (but are not limited to) gas release from the seafloor and its contribution to global warming, tsunamis, neotectonics, and sea level rise. It is well known that the coast has been a focal point of human settlements for thousands of years. On the other hand, these areas are highly sensitive to natural processes that often cause conflict with those living nearby. Examining the ever-shifting interface between land and sea is of particular interest, as is the question of how ancient settlers shaped their natural environment and, in doing so, changed geological processes. Papers examining new scientific approaches as well as the development of unique and innovative methods or tools are also welcome.

Prof. Michael Lazar
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • high-resolution geophysics
  • coastal areas
  • human settlement
  • shallow water
  • geological processes

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

23 pages, 23230 KiB  
Article
Controls on Reservoir Heterogeneity of a Shallow-Marine Reservoir in Sawan Gas Field, SE Pakistan: Implications for Reservoir Quality Prediction Using Acoustic Impedance Inversion
by Umar Ashraf, Hucai Zhang, Aqsa Anees, Muhammad Ali, Xiaonan Zhang, Saiq Shakeel Abbasi and Hassan Nasir Mangi
Water 2020, 12(11), 2972; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w12112972 - 23 Oct 2020
Cited by 65 | Viewed by 3966
Abstract
The precise characterization of reservoir parameters is vital for future development and prospect evaluation of oil and gas fields. C-sand and B-sand intervals of the Lower Goru Formation (LGF) within the Lower Indus Basin (LIB) are proven reservoirs. Conventional seismic amplitude interpretation fails [...] Read more.
The precise characterization of reservoir parameters is vital for future development and prospect evaluation of oil and gas fields. C-sand and B-sand intervals of the Lower Goru Formation (LGF) within the Lower Indus Basin (LIB) are proven reservoirs. Conventional seismic amplitude interpretation fails to delineate the heterogeneity of the sand-shale facies distribution due to limited seismic resolution in the Sawan gas field (SGF). The high heterogeneity and low resolution make it challenging to characterize the reservoir thickness, reservoir porosity, and the factors controlling the heterogeneity. Constrained sparse spike inversion (CSSI) is employed using 3D seismic and well log data to characterize and discriminate the lithofacies, impedance, porosity, and thickness (sand-ratio) of the C- and B-sand intervals of the LGF. The achieved results disclose that the CSSI delineated the extent of lithofacies, heterogeneity, and precise characterization of reservoir parameters within the zone of interest (ZOI). The sand facies of C- and B-sand intervals are characterized by low acoustic impedance (AI) values (8 × 106 kg/m2s to 1 × 107 kg/m2s), maximum sand-ratio (0.6 to 0.9), and maximum porosity (10% to 24%). The primary reservoir (C-sand) has an excellent ability to produce the maximum yield of gas due to low AI (8 × 106 kg/m2s), maximum reservoir thickness (0.9), and porosity (24%). However, the secondary reservoir (B-sand) also has a good capacity for gas production due to low AI (1 × 107 kg/m2s), decent sand-ratio (0.6), and average porosity (14%), if properly evaluated. The time-slices of porosity and sand-ratio maps have revealed the location of low-impedance, maximum porosity, and maximum sand-ratio that can be exploited for future drillings. Rock physics analysis using AI through inverse and direct relationships successfully discriminated against the heterogeneity between the sand facies and shale facies. In the corollary, we proposed that pre-conditioning through comprehensive petrophysical, inversion, and rock physics analysis are imperative tools to calibrate the factors controlling the reservoir heterogeneity and for better reservoir quality measurement in the fluvial shallow-marine deltaic basins. Full article
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