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Water
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Numerical Modeling on Hydraulic Structures Flow Associated with Urban and...
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Numerical Modeling on Hydraulic Structures Flow Associated with Urban and Environmental Engineering

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Hydraulics and Hydrodynamics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2022) | Viewed by 9756

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Rita F. Carvalho

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Marine and Environmental Sciences Center, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
Interests: hydraulic structures; physical models; flow behaviour; flow patterns measurement equipment; CFD; numerics; OpenFOAM
Prof. Dr. Corrado Gisonni

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Hydraulic Engineering, Department of Engineering, Università della Campania, Aversa, Italy
Interests: sewer hydraulics; water supply systems; urban hydraulics; supercritical open channel flows; river training techniques; fluvial hydraulics and river engineering; flood risk assessment and mitigation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Future scenarios predict an increase in the frequency of extreme storm events wherein meteorological phenomena become destructive and, in most cases, associated with significant entrainment of air, sediment, or other components. An impact in the operation of discharge structures, flood control measures, and water body quality is expected with implications for the urban infrastructures, heritage, and environment.

The analysis of flow behaviour and features in different hydraulic structures, as well as the characterization of hydrodynamic actions is of upmost importance, in order to ascertain the general behaviour of existing hydraulic structures and their resilience to extreme operating conditions.

This Special Issue will focus on effective contributions with theoretical bases and numerical modeling, in addition to Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), for the study of flows in accomplishing the aims of urban and environmental hydraulic engineering, aiming to understand the flow features, and the modeling and improved predicting of general performance of existing/conceptual structures, including quantity and quality aspects.

It welcomes papers on topics such as (but not limited to) the following:

  • Modelling flows associated with stuctures, such as water intakes, hydraulic circuits, weirs, spillways, outlets, transitions, reservoirs and retention basins, water treatment and hydraulic dissipation units;
  • Optimization of specific projects such as studies of the structures geometry or appurtenances to achieve improved hydraulic structures, increasing their efficiency, economy and safety;
  • Different numerical approaches for the analysis and characterization of flows, considering the complexity of some flows requiring high computation demands and the availability of computing nowadays.

Prof. Dr. Rita F. Carvalho
Prof. Dr. Corrado Gisonni
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Hydraulic structures
  • Urban / Environmental hydraulics
  • Fluid dynamics
  • Flow patterns / features
  • Supercritical flow
  • Free-Surface / Multi-phase
  • Turbulence
  • Numerical approaches / Simulation / Modelling
  • Saint-Venant, Navier-Stokes, RAS, LES equations
  • CFD: OpenFOAM / Flow 3d / Ansys-Fluent

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 14452 KiB  
Article
CFD Model of the Density-Driven Bidirectional Flows through the West Crack Breach in the Great Salt Lake Causeway
by Michael Rasmussen, Som Dutta, Bethany T. Neilson and Brian Mark Crookston
Water 2021, 13(17), 2423; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w13172423 - 03 Sep 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2904
Abstract
Stratified flows and the resulting density-driven currents occur in the natural environment and commonly in saline lakes. In the Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA, the northern and southern portions of the lake are divided by an east-to-west railroad causeway that disrupts natural lake [...] Read more.
Stratified flows and the resulting density-driven currents occur in the natural environment and commonly in saline lakes. In the Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA, the northern and southern portions of the lake are divided by an east-to-west railroad causeway that disrupts natural lake currents and significantly increases salt concentrations in the northern section. To support management efforts focused on addressing rising environmental and economic concerns associated with varied saltwater densities throughout the lake, the causeway was recently modified to include a new breach. The purpose of this new breach is to enhance salt exchange between the northern and southern sections of the lake. Since construction, it typically exhibits a strong density-driven bidirectional flow pattern, but estimating flows and salt exchange has proven to be difficult. To obtain much needed insights into the ability of this hydraulic structure to exchange water and salt between the two sections of the lake, a field campaign coupled with CFD modeling was undertaken. Results from this study indicate that the vertical velocity profile in the breach is sensitive to density differences between flow layers along with breach geometry and water surface elevations. The CFD model was able to accurately represent the bidirectional flows through the breach and provides for improved estimates of water and salt exchanges between the north and south sections of the lake. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Modeling on Hydraulic Structures Flow Associated with Urban and Environmental Engineering)
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18 pages, 4265 KiB  
Article
Modelling Weirs in Two-Dimensional Shallow Water Models
by Gonzalo García-Alén, Olalla García-Fonte, Luis Cea, Luís Pena and Jerónimo Puertas
Water 2021, 13(16), 2152; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w13162152 - 05 Aug 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3024
Abstract
2D models based on the shallow water equations are widely used in river hydraulics. However, these models can present deficiencies in those cases in which their intrinsic hypotheses are not fulfilled. One of these cases is in the presence of weirs. In this [...] Read more.
2D models based on the shallow water equations are widely used in river hydraulics. However, these models can present deficiencies in those cases in which their intrinsic hypotheses are not fulfilled. One of these cases is in the presence of weirs. In this work we present an experimental dataset including 194 experiments in nine different weirs. The experimental data are compared to the numerical results obtained with a 2D shallow water model in order to quantify the discrepancies that exist due to the non-fulfillment of the hydrostatic pressure hypotheses. The experimental dataset presented can be used for the validation of other modelling approaches. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Modeling on Hydraulic Structures Flow Associated with Urban and Environmental Engineering)
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27 pages, 7704 KiB  
Article
Is the Volume-of-Fluid Method Coupled with a Sub-Grid Bubble Equation Efficient for Simulating Local and Continuum Aeration?
by Lourenço Sassetti Mendes, Javier L. Lara and Maria Teresa Viseu
Water 2021, 13(11), 1535; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w13111535 - 29 May 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2554
Abstract
Air entrainment is common in free surface flows in large hydraulic structures (e.g., spillways, chutes, energy dissipation structures) and must be considered to assure an effective and safe operation. Due to the large size of the prototype structures, it is infeasible to model [...] Read more.
Air entrainment is common in free surface flows in large hydraulic structures (e.g., spillways, chutes, energy dissipation structures) and must be considered to assure an effective and safe operation. Due to the large size of the prototype structures, it is infeasible to model individual air bubbles. Therefore, using the OpenFOAM toolbox, an efficient simulation model for aerated flows is developed for engineering purposes. The Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations and the volume-of-fluid method are coupled with a sub-grid bubble population model that simulates entrainment and transport. A comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness, computational cost, and reliability is performed. Local and continuum bubble entrainment are evaluated in two distinct flows: an impinging jet and along a spillway chute. Aeration is induced, respectively, by a shear flow and by the thickening of the turbulent boundary layer. Moreover, a detailed sensitivity analysis of the model’s parameters is conducted. Calibration and validation are performed against experimental and prototype data. Among the analyzed entrainment formulations, the one depending exclusively on the turbulent kinetic energy is the only applicable to different flow types. Good accuracy is found, meeting engineering standards, and the additional computation cost is marginal. Results depend primarily on the volume-of-fluid method ability to reproduce the interface. Calibration is straightforward in self-aeration but more difficult for local aeration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Modeling on Hydraulic Structures Flow Associated with Urban and Environmental Engineering)
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