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Water
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The Occurrence, Physics and Impact of Wave–Ice Interaction
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The Occurrence, Physics and Impact of Wave–Ice Interaction

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Hydraulics and Hydrodynamics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 11044

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Franz von Bock und Polach

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Ship Structural Design and Analysis, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
Interests: performance of ships in ice; ice loads; wave–ice interaction; ship vibrations; fatigue of materials and marine structures; model testing and scaling; ice mechanics; data science; numerical modeling; ocean dynamics in a changing climate; wave–ice–structure interaction
Dr. Marco Klein

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Hamburg University of Technology
Interests: wave–ice interaction; nonlinear waves; extreme waves; wave–structure interaction

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is our pleasure to announce the launch of a new Special Issue in the MDPI journal Water on the topic of the occurrence, physics, and impact of wave–ice interaction. The field of wave–ice interaction is a topic gaining increasing attention as those effects are relevant but not limited to shipping and climate. Wave progression in ice experiences the mutual impact of waves on ice by breaking it up and the impact of ice on the wave by damping it. Ice has many forms of occurrence and may be solid (level ice), broken (marginal ice zone), a combination of both, or it may even contain other features, such as ridges. All those parameters play a different role in wave–ice interaction and are partly not well understood yet. Furthermore, this SI seeks to address the impact of a changing climate on the interaction beween waves and ice. The changing climate appears to affect air and ocean dynamics leading to storms, large waves, ice break-up, and/or increased ice dynamics. The combined occurrence of waves and ice also affects loading scenarios on harbor, offshore or ship structures. All these topics as well as those related to them are welcome to this SI.

We would like to invite you to submit your research to this Special Issue of Water on The Occurrence, Physics, and Impact of Wave–Ice Interaction. Please find the topics considered in the summary and please contact us if you would like to submit a topic that is not explicitly mentioned here.

Dr. Franz von Bock und Polach
Dr. Marco Klein
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Wave–ice interaction
  • Climate change in icy waters
  • Wave progression in ice
  • Marginal ice zone
  • Wave–ice–structure interaction
  • Ocean dynamics in ice-covered waters

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 1265 KiB  
Article
A New Model Ice for Wave-Ice Interaction
by Franz von Bock und Polach, Marco Klein and Moritz Hartmann
Water 2021, 13(23), 3397; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w13233397 - 01 Dec 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2190
Abstract
The interaction of waves and ice is of significant relevance for engineers, oceanographers and climate scientists. In-situ measurements are costly and bear uncertainties due to unknown boundary conditions. Therefore, physical laboratory experiments in ice tanks are an important alternative to validate theories or [...] Read more.
The interaction of waves and ice is of significant relevance for engineers, oceanographers and climate scientists. In-situ measurements are costly and bear uncertainties due to unknown boundary conditions. Therefore, physical laboratory experiments in ice tanks are an important alternative to validate theories or investigate particular effects of interest. Ice tanks use model ice which has down-scaled sea ice properties. This model ice in ice tanks holds disadvantages due to its low stiffness and non-linear behavior which is not in scale to sea ice, but is of particular relevance in wave-ice interactions. With decreasing stiffness steeper waves are required to reach critical stresses for ice breaking, while the non-linear, respectively non-elastic, deformation behavior is associated with high wave damping. Both are scale effects and do not allow the direct transfer of model scale test results to scenarios with sea ice. Therefore, the alternative modeling approach of Model Ice of Virtual Equivalent Thickness (MIVET) is introduced. Its performance is tested in physical experiments and compared to conventional model ice. The results show that the excessive damping of conventional model ice can be reduced successfully, while the scaling of the wave induced ice break-up still requires research and testing. In conclusion, the results obtained are considered a proof of concept of MIVET for wave-ice interaction problems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Occurrence, Physics and Impact of Wave–Ice Interaction)
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21 pages, 2718 KiB  
Article
Note on the Application of Transient Wave Packets for Wave–Ice Interaction Experiments
by Marco Klein, Moritz Hartmann and Franz von Bock und Polach
Water 2021, 13(12), 1699; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w13121699 - 19 Jun 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2496
Abstract
This paper presents the transient wave packet (TWP) technique as an efficient method for wave–ice interaction experiments. TWPs are deterministic wave groups, where both the amplitude spectrum and the associated phases are tailor-made and manipulated, being well established for efficient wave–structure interaction experiments. [...] Read more.
This paper presents the transient wave packet (TWP) technique as an efficient method for wave–ice interaction experiments. TWPs are deterministic wave groups, where both the amplitude spectrum and the associated phases are tailor-made and manipulated, being well established for efficient wave–structure interaction experiments. One major benefit of TWPs is the possibility to determine the response amplitude operator (RAO) of a structure in a single test run compared to the classical approach by investigating regular waves of different wave lengths. Thus, applying TWPs for wave–ice interaction offers the determination of the RAO of the ice at specific locations. In this context, the determination of RAO means that the ice characteristics in terms of wave damping over a wide frequency range are obtained. Besides this, the wave dispersion of the underlying wave components of the TWP can be additionally investigated between the specific locations with the same single test run. For the purpose of this study, experiments in an ice tank, capable of generating tailored waves, were performed with a solid ice sheet. Besides the generation of one TWP, regular waves of different wave lengths were generated as a reference to validate the TWP results for specific wave periods. It is shown that the TWP technique is not only applicable for wave–ice interaction investigations, but is also an efficient alternative to investigations with regular waves. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Occurrence, Physics and Impact of Wave–Ice Interaction)
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34 pages, 16266 KiB  
Article
Laboratory Investigations of the Bending Rheology of Floating Saline Ice and Physical Mechanisms of Wave Damping in the HSVA Hamburg Ship Model Basin Ice Tank
by Aleksey Marchenko, Andrea Haase, Atle Jensen, Ben Lishman, Jean Rabault, Karl-Ulrich Evers, Mark Shortt and Torsten Thiel
Water 2021, 13(8), 1080; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w13081080 - 14 Apr 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3013
Abstract
An experimental investigation of flexural-gravity waves was performed in the Hamburg Ship Model Basin HSVA ice tank. Physical characteristics of the water-ice system were measured in several locations of the tank with a few sensors deployed in the water and on the ice [...] Read more.
An experimental investigation of flexural-gravity waves was performed in the Hamburg Ship Model Basin HSVA ice tank. Physical characteristics of the water-ice system were measured in several locations of the tank with a few sensors deployed in the water and on the ice during the tests. The three-dimensional motion of ice was measured with the optical system Qualisys; water pressure was measured by several pressure sensors mounted on the tank wall, in-plane deformations of the ice and the temperatures of the ice and water were measured by fiber optic sensors; and acoustic emissions were recorded with compressional crystal sensors. The experimental setup and selected results of the tests are discussed in this paper. Viscous-elastic model (Burgers material) is adopted to describe the dispersion and attenuation of waves propagating below the ice. The elastic modulus and the coefficient of viscosity are calculated using the experimental data. The results of the measurements demonstrated the dependence of wave characteristics from the variability of ice properties during the experiment caused by the brine drainage. We showed that the cyclic motion of the ice along the tank, imitating ice drift, and the generation of under ice turbulence cause an increase of wave damping. Recorded acoustic emissions demonstrated cyclic microcracking occurring with wave frequencies and accompanying bending deformations of the ice. This explains the viscous and anelastic rheology of the model ice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Occurrence, Physics and Impact of Wave–Ice Interaction)
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19 pages, 1462 KiB  
Article
Wave Interaction and Overwash with a Flexible Plate by Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics
by Thien Tran-Duc, Michael H. Meylan, Ngamta Thamwattana and Bishnu P. Lamichhane
Water 2020, 12(12), 3354; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w12123354 - 30 Nov 2020
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2087
Abstract
The motion of a flexible elastic plate under wave action is simulated, and the well–known phenomena of overwash is investigated. The fluid motion is modelled by smoothed particle hydrodynamics, a mesh-free solution method which, while computationally demanding, is flexible and able to simulate [...] Read more.
The motion of a flexible elastic plate under wave action is simulated, and the well–known phenomena of overwash is investigated. The fluid motion is modelled by smoothed particle hydrodynamics, a mesh-free solution method which, while computationally demanding, is flexible and able to simulate complex fluid flows. The freely floating plate is modelled using linear thin plate elasticity plus the nonlinear rigid body motions. This assumption limits the elastic plate motion to be small but is valid for many cases both in geophysics and in the laboratory. The principal conclusion is that the inclusion of flexural motion causes significantly less overwash than that which occurs for a rigid plate. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Occurrence, Physics and Impact of Wave–Ice Interaction)
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