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Water
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Advanced Technologies for Sustainable Water Treatment
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Advanced Technologies for Sustainable Water Treatment

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Wastewater Treatment and Reuse".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 December 2021) | Viewed by 23612

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jinxing Ma

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
University of New South Wales (UNSW) Australia, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sydney, Australia
Interests: membrane-based advanced technologies for water treatment and wastewater reclamation, including (i) electrochemical membrane bioreactor, (ii) capacitive deionization (redox-active flow-electrode CDI), (iii) electrochemical membrane filtration, etc
Prof. Dr. Chia-Hung Hou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National Taiwan University, Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, Taipei, Taiwan
Interests: water–energy sustainable technologies, including synthesis of novel nanoporous carbon materials, analytical techniques of voltametric properties, capacitive deionization for desalination, potential applications of nanomaterials for water purification, and systemic integrated approach to environmental sustainability

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the past century, conventional technologies such as coagulation, sedimentation, and chlorine disinfection have played an important role in water treatment and disposal. However, the world is now facing more challenges in this field as a result of the rapid population growth, the changing environment, and stricter regulation on discharge. This Special Issue of Water on “Advanced Technologies for Sustainable Water Treatment” therefore seeks original research and review articles on advanced technologies addressing the center, emerging challenges at the nexus of water, energy, and health.

 

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

  • Selective removal of (micro-)pollutants for water reclamation, including the design of nano-engineering materials and optimization of integrated processes;
  • Novel processes and troubleshooting for brackish water desalination, including the development of energy-efficient systems and sustainable management of the concentrate and waste streams;
  • Zero-liquid-discharge technologies for industrial water treatment, including reliable processes for organic removal from complicated matrices;
  • New insights to resource recovery (such as noble metals and nutrients) during water treatment.

Dr. Jinxing Ma
Prof. Chia-Hung Hou
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Selective removal of (micro-)pollutants
  • Nano-engineering materials
  • Brackish water desalination
  • Management of the concentrate
  • Zero-liquid-discharge
  • Resource recovery
  • Nexus of water, energy, and health

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 1935 KiB  
Article
Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling of Hollow Membrane Filtration for Concentration Polarization
by Zhou Yu, Xinmin Wang, Weiying Li and Sheng Chen
Water 2021, 13(24), 3605; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w13243605 - 15 Dec 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2647
Abstract
Based on CFD and film theory, filtration’s two-dimensional CFD model of the hollow membrane was established by integrating the mass transformation and the hydrodynamic transportation. Parameters of concentration polarization in the membrane channel (i.e., solute mass concentration, concentration polarization factors, and concentration polarization [...] Read more.
Based on CFD and film theory, filtration’s two-dimensional CFD model of the hollow membrane was established by integrating the mass transformation and the hydrodynamic transportation. Parameters of concentration polarization in the membrane channel (i.e., solute mass concentration, concentration polarization factors, and concentration polarization layer thickness) were estimated under different hydraulic conditions. In addition, the algorithm for the thickness of the concentration polarization layer has been improved. The results showed that decreasing the feed Reynolds number or increasing the transmembrane pressure can enhance the concentration polarization phenomena. Concentration polarization parameters increased sharply at the initial place (X/H < 25, where H is the entrance width, X is the distance from entrance) and then flatten out (X/H > 25) along the membrane channel; solute concentration and concentration polarization factors were arranged in a U-shape in the membrane channel’s cross-section. The improved algorithm could match well with cross section data, δ2H at X/H = 1, 25, and 200 are 0.038, 0.11, and 0.25, respectively, which can reasonably reflect the distribution of the concentration polarization phenomenon in the membrane channel. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies for Sustainable Water Treatment)
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12 pages, 3795 KiB  
Article
Recovery of Alkaline Earth Metals from Desalination Brine for Carbon Capture and Sodium Removal
by Cheng-Han Lee, Pin-Han Chen and Wei-Sheng Chen
Water 2021, 13(23), 3463; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w13233463 - 06 Dec 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3090
Abstract
Because carbon dioxide adsorbs the radiation from the Sun and the Earth’s surface, global warming has become a severe problem in this century. Global warming causes many environmental problems such as heatwave, desertification, and erratic rainfall. Above all, erratic rainfall makes people have [...] Read more.
Because carbon dioxide adsorbs the radiation from the Sun and the Earth’s surface, global warming has become a severe problem in this century. Global warming causes many environmental problems such as heatwave, desertification, and erratic rainfall. Above all, erratic rainfall makes people have insufficient freshwater. To solve this problem, desalination technology has been developed in many countries. Although desalination technology can provide freshwater, it produces brine as well (producing 1 L of freshwater would result in 1 L of brine). The brine will decrease the dissolved oxygen in the sea and affect the organism’s habitat. In this study, magnesium and calcium from desalination brine were recovered in the form of magnesium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide by adjusting the pH value for carbon capture and sodium removal. Magnesium hydroxide would turn into magnesium carbonate through contacting CO2 in saturated amine carriers. Calcium hydroxide was added to the brine and reacted with CO2 (modified Solvay process). Sodium in brine would then be precipitated in the form of sodium bicarbonate. After removing sodium, brine can be released back into the ocean, or other valuable metals can be extracted from brine without the side effect of sodium. The results revealed that 288 K of 3-Amino-1-propanol could capture 15 L (26.9 g) of CO2 and that 25 g/L of Ca(OH)2 at 288 K was the optimal parameter to remove 7000 ppm sodium and adsorb 16 L (28.7 g) of CO2 in the modified Solvay process. In a nutshell, this research aims to simultaneously treat the issue of CO2 emission and desalination brine by combining the amines carrier method and the modified Solvay process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies for Sustainable Water Treatment)
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23 pages, 4655 KiB  
Article
Household Water Filtration Technology to Ensure Safe Drinking Water Supply in the Langat River Basin, Malaysia
by Minhaz Farid Ahmed, Mazlin Bin Mokhtar and Nuriah Abd Majid
Water 2021, 13(8), 1032; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w13081032 - 09 Apr 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4257
Abstract
Populations in the Langat River Basin, Malaysia, frequently experience water supply disruption due to the shutdown of water treatment plants (WTPs) mainly from the chemical pollution as well as point and non-point sources of pollution. Therefore, this study investigated the aluminium (Al), arsenic [...] Read more.
Populations in the Langat River Basin, Malaysia, frequently experience water supply disruption due to the shutdown of water treatment plants (WTPs) mainly from the chemical pollution as well as point and non-point sources of pollution. Therefore, this study investigated the aluminium (Al), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and lead (Pb) concentrations in the drinking water supply chain at the basin because of its prolonged persistence and toxic characteristics in the aquatic environment. Three replicates of water samples were collected from the river, outlets of WTPs, household tap and filtered water, respectively, in 2015, for analysis by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Higher concentration of these metals was found in household tap water than in the treated water at the WTPs; however, the concentration of these metals at the four stages of the drinking water supply chain conformed to the drinking water quality standard set by the World Health Organization. The Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests also found that metal concentration removal significantly varied among the eight WTPs as well as the five types of household water filtration systems. With regards to the investigated household filtered water, the distilled filtration system was found to be more effective in removing metal concentration because of better management. Therefore, a two-layer water filtration system could be introduced in the Langat River Basin to obtain safe drinking water supply at the household level. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies for Sustainable Water Treatment)
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13 pages, 2078 KiB  
Article
Nitrate Removal and Dynamics of Microbial Community of A Hydrogen-Based Membrane Biofilm Reactor at Diverse Nitrate Loadings and Distances from Hydrogen Supply End
by Minmin Jiang, Yuanyuan Zhang, Yuhang Yuan, Yuchao Chen, Hua Lin, Junjian Zheng, Haixiang Li and Xuehong Zhang
Water 2020, 12(11), 3196; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w12113196 - 15 Nov 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2012
Abstract
The back-diffusion of inactive gases severely inhibits the hydrogen (H2) delivery rate of the close-end operated hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor (H2-based MBfR). Nevertheless, less is known about the response of microbial communities in H2-based MBfR to the [...] Read more.
The back-diffusion of inactive gases severely inhibits the hydrogen (H2) delivery rate of the close-end operated hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor (H2-based MBfR). Nevertheless, less is known about the response of microbial communities in H2-based MBfR to the impact of the gases’ back-diffusion. In this research, the denitrification performance and microbial dynamics were studied in a H2-based MBfR operated at close-end mode with a fixed H2 pressure of 0.04 MPa and fed with nitrate (NO3−) containing influent. Results of single-factor and microsensor measurement experiments indicate that the H2 availability was the decisive factor that limits NO3− removal at the influent NO3− concentration of 30 mg N/L. High-throughput sequencing results revealed that (1) the increase of NO3− loading from 10 to 20–30 mg N/L resulted in the shift of dominant functional bacteria from Dechloromonas to Hydrogenophaga in the biofilm; (2) excessive NO3− loading led to the declined relative abundance of Hydrogenophaga and basic metabolic pathways as well as counts of most denitrifying enzyme genes; and (3) in most cases, the decreased quantity of N metabolism-related functional bacteria and genes with increasing distance from the H2 supply end corroborates that the microbial community structure in H2-based MBfR was significantly impacted by the gases’ back-diffusion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies for Sustainable Water Treatment)
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16 pages, 5653 KiB  
Article
Development of an Electrochemical Ceramic Membrane Bioreactor for the Removal of PPCPs from Wastewater
by Kangquan Qi, Mei Chen, Ruobin Dai, Qiang Li, Miaoju Lai and Zhiwei Wang
Water 2020, 12(6), 1838; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w12061838 - 26 Jun 2020
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3138
Abstract
The removal of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) from water and wastewater is of great significance for eco-system safety. In this study, an electrochemical ceramic membrane bioreactor (ECMBR) was developed for removing seven groups (24 kinds in total) of PPCPs from real [...] Read more.
The removal of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) from water and wastewater is of great significance for eco-system safety. In this study, an electrochemical ceramic membrane bioreactor (ECMBR) was developed for removing seven groups (24 kinds in total) of PPCPs from real wastewater. In the presence of an electric field (2 V/cm), the ECMBR could enhance the removal efficiencies for most targeted PPCPs without having adverse impacts on conventional pollutant removal and membrane filtration. The ECMBR achieved higher removal efficiencies for fluoroquinolones (82.8%), β-blockers (24.6%), and sulfonamides (41.0%) compared to the control (CMBR) (52.9%, 4.6%, and 36.4%). For trimethoprim, ECMBR also significantly increased the removal to 66.5% compared to 15.6% in CMBR. Furthermore, the exertion of an electric field did not cause significant changes in microbial communities, suggesting that the enhanced removal of PPCPs should be attributed to the electrochemical oxidation of the built-in electrodes in the ECMBR. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies for Sustainable Water Treatment)
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8 pages, 539 KiB  
Perspective
Making Waves: Zero Liquid Discharge for Sustainable Industrial Effluent Management
by Yinglin Liang, Xin Lin, Xiangtong Kong, Qiushi Duan, Pan Wang, Xiaojie Mei and Jinxing Ma
Water 2021, 13(20), 2852; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w13202852 - 13 Oct 2021
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 7386
Abstract
Zero liquid discharge (ZLD) aims to minimize liquid waste generation whilst extend water supply, and this industrial strategy has attracted renewed interest worldwide in recent years. In spite of the advantages such as reduced water pollution and resource recovery from waste, there are [...] Read more.
Zero liquid discharge (ZLD) aims to minimize liquid waste generation whilst extend water supply, and this industrial strategy has attracted renewed interest worldwide in recent years. In spite of the advantages such as reduced water pollution and resource recovery from waste, there are several challenges to overcome prior to wider applications of ZLD. This study will examine the main processes involved in ZLD, and analyze their limitations and potential solutions. This study also differs from past reviews on the subject, by providing a summary of the challenges that were found light of in prevalent studies. To fulfill the sustainable vision, future research that can bridge the gap between the theoretical study and industrial practice is highlighted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies for Sustainable Water Treatment)
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