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Water
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Atmospheric Water Resources Exploitation and Utilization
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Atmospheric Water Resources Exploitation and Utilization

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Hydrology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2023) | Viewed by 12764

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jun Qiu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Hydraulic and Hydrology Engineering Department, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
Interests: atmospheric water resource exploitation and utilization; acoustic precipitation enhancement; mechanical behavior of particles; two-phase flow; equipment development
Dr. Zhanyu Yao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
China Meteorological Administration Weather Modification Center, Beijing 100081, China
Interests: weather modification; catalytic cloud seeding; atmospheric water resources exploitation; cloud microphysical processes; effect evaluation of weather modification
Dr. Fang-Fang Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Interests: joint regulation of air–ground water resources; cloud intervention technology; optimal allocation of water resources; water–light energy complementation
Dr. Tamara V. Tulaikova

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
Interests: climate change; atmospheric physics; cloud physics; water science; precipitation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Global climate change has inevitably changed the global water cycle, led to a sharp change in the hydrological regimes of the river basins, and brought great uncertainty and regional differences to future water resource security. Against the background that the exploitive potential of land water resources is close to the limit, it is a far-sighted choice to focus on the exploitation and utilization of abundant atmospheric water resources. The traditional method of exploiting atmospheric water resources adopts weather modification technology with catalyst cloud seeding, the main purpose of which is to solve meteorological drought and alleviate water shortage. Relevant plans and programs have been implemented in many countries and regions around the world in recent decades, such as the United States, Israel, Russia, China, Australia, etc. In the context of global climate change, the goals of water resource security and carbon neutralization have given new meaning and challenges to the exploitation of atmospheric water resources. At the theoretical level, it is necessary to systematically describe the coupling between water vapor / hydrometeor transport and land surface processes, quantify water vapor transport and its temporal and spatial distribution and evolution law, reveal the weather and meteorological drivers of water vapor movement, investigate the coupling mechanism of air–ground water resources, and find the optimal temporal and spatial windows for the exploitation of atmospheric water resources. At the technical level, in addition to further study of traditional catalyst cloud seeding technology, it is also urgent to develop novel lower-cost, catalyst-free, and highly reliable artificial precipitation technologies, such as strong sound wave, atmospheric ionization, laser, etc. Regarding the effect evaluation of these artificial precipitation technologies, due to the large variability of the cloud precipitation process in nature, it is still a worldwide problem, which requires more scientific and sufficient field test verification. In addition, with the development of new materials and technologies, air/fog water collection technology is also a new growth point in the field of atmospheric water resource exploitation and utilization. The abovementioned novel theories, technologies, and methods related to the exploitation and utilization of atmospheric water resources would have a profound impact on the security of global water resources and the achievement of carbon neutralization.

This Special Issue aims to collect the most cutting-edge innovative theories, technologies, and engineering application cases in the field of atmospheric water resource exploitation and utilization, and provide transformative and subversive strategies to deal with the challenges of water resource security and carbon neutralization against the background of global climate change. Submissions will be peer-reviewed by independent reviewers. This Special Issue invites original research and review papers for publication.

Dr. Jun Qiu
Dr. Zhanyu Yao
Dr. Fang-Fang Li
Dr. Tamara V. Tulaikova
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • atmospheric water resources
  • global water vapor transport
  • atmospheric river
  • weather modification
  • acoustic precipitation enhancement
  • innovative precipitation enhancement technology
  • catalyst cloud seeding
  • aerial water extraction
  • fog water collection

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 2667 KiB  
Article
Potential Analysis of Atmospheric Water Harvesting Technologies from the Perspective of “Trading-in Energy for Water”
by Hou-Jun Li, Liang Cheng, Peng Sun, Fang-Fang Li and Jun Qiu
Water 2023, 15(5), 878; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w15050878 - 24 Feb 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3978
Abstract
An applicable, high-volume, and sustainable water uptake technology can alleviate freshwater shortages, improve the energy utilization rate and promote the development of energy technology. Traditional seawater desalination, fog water, and dew collection are limited by the geographical environment, and the water resource transportation [...] Read more.
An applicable, high-volume, and sustainable water uptake technology can alleviate freshwater shortages, improve the energy utilization rate and promote the development of energy technology. Traditional seawater desalination, fog water, and dew collection are limited by the geographical environment, and the water resource transportation cost is high, or the water uptake volume is limited, so they cannot be used on a large scale. There are potential safety problems with wastewater reuse and recycled water. Atmospheric water harvesting technology uses energy for direct condensation or uses adsorbent to absorb water, which is characterized by strong sustainability, high applicability, decentralization, and stable water uptake. This study summarizes the working principle of mainstream atmospheric water harvesting technologies, mainly including condensation, absorption, and desorption water harvesting, and some active dew and fog collection technologies. It also theoretically analyzes the energy consumption of condensation and adsorption and desorption water harvesting technologies. Aiming at the problems of difficult condensing for direct condensation and long adsorption/desorption cycle of adsorption and desorption water harvesting, it summarizes the countermeasures of multi-stage condensation and multi-cycle adsorption and desorption. The development prospect of atmospheric water harvesting technologies is also discussed Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atmospheric Water Resources Exploitation and Utilization)
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14 pages, 3154 KiB  
Article
Radar Quantitative Precipitation Estimation Algorithm Based on Precipitation Classification and Dynamical Z-R Relationship
by Wang Peng, Shuping Bao, Kan Yang, Jiahua Wei, Xudong Zhu, Zhen Qiao, Yongcan Wang and Qiong Li
Water 2022, 14(21), 3436; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w14213436 - 28 Oct 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1625
Abstract
The choice of Z-R relationship is an essential source of error in radar Quantitative Precipitation Estimation (QPE). A QPE algorithm combining the Optimization process of precipitation Classification and Dynamical adjustments (OCD) is proposed to improve the accuracy of QPE in Yinchuan city, China. [...] Read more.
The choice of Z-R relationship is an essential source of error in radar Quantitative Precipitation Estimation (QPE). A QPE algorithm combining the Optimization process of precipitation Classification and Dynamical adjustments (OCD) is proposed to improve the accuracy of QPE in Yinchuan city, China. A detailed evaluation and study of Z = 300R1.4 (fixed Z-R), Optimization Processing (OP), Optimization processing of Dynamical Adjustments (ODA) and OCD were performed using various evaluation metrics. The results show that ODA and OCD can significantly reduce the error of QPE, with OCD being the best estimator, reaching a correlation coefficient (CC) of 0.7 and reducing mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE) by 31% and 34%, respectively. OCD outperforms other algorithms in terms of MAE and RMSE for different rain rates (RR), and the various assessment metrics at hourly scales are also more concentrated in reasonable intervals. OP gives fair results at weaker rain rates (0.2 ≤ RR < 8 mm/h) but underestimates rainfall more incorrectly at stronger rain rates (8 mm/h ≤ RR). Both the OCD and ODA provide a more significant improvement in the estimation of the area and magnitude of strong rainfall, with the OCD providing a better description of the local characteristics of the rainfall distribution, further demonstrating the advantages of the ODA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atmospheric Water Resources Exploitation and Utilization)
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19 pages, 5428 KiB  
Article
Interaction between Strong Sound Waves and Aerosol Droplets: Numerical Simulation
by Fangfang Li, Han Cao, Yinghui Jia, Yu Guo and Jun Qiu
Water 2022, 14(10), 1661; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w14101661 - 23 May 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1805
Abstract
In this study, we attempted to eliminate atmospheric fog and aerosol particles by strong sound waves. The action of sound waves created an air disturbance, and the oscillation of the local air caused the micron-sized aerosol droplet particles to move. To provide guidance [...] Read more.
In this study, we attempted to eliminate atmospheric fog and aerosol particles by strong sound waves. The action of sound waves created an air disturbance, and the oscillation of the local air caused the micron-sized aerosol droplet particles to move. To provide guidance of the characteristics of the effective sound waves, this study numerically simulated aerosol droplet agglomeration under the action of sound waves, which was solved by coupling computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and discrete element methods (DEMs) as a typical two-phase flow problem in this study. The movements of aerosol droplet particles were simulated, as well as their agglomeration. The evolution process of the average particle size and the number of multimers were obtained, and the influence of different sound frequencies, sound pressure level (SPL), and particle spacing on agglomeration were studied. It was found that the promotion effect of low-frequency sound waves on aerosol droplet agglomeration was significantly higher than that of high-frequency sound waves, and the sound wave promotion effect of high SPLs was better than that of low SPL. In addition, the concept of the average agglomeration time required to quantify the acoustic agglomeration speed was proposed, and it was found to be positively correlated with sound frequency and particle spacing, while being negatively correlated with SPL. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atmospheric Water Resources Exploitation and Utilization)
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Review

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16 pages, 2131 KiB  
Review
Atmospheric Water Harvesting with Metal-Organic Frameworks and Their Composites: From Materials to Devices
by Xiuying Huang, Qin Qin, Qinglang Ma and Bo Wang
Water 2022, 14(21), 3487; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w14213487 - 01 Nov 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4328
Abstract
Clean water scarcity is deteriorating because of the growing population and water pollution. New methods to harvest freshwater from non-traditional water sources are urgently required to address this global issue. The atmosphere contains abundant water resources. Harvesting fresh water from the air has [...] Read more.
Clean water scarcity is deteriorating because of the growing population and water pollution. New methods to harvest freshwater from non-traditional water sources are urgently required to address this global issue. The atmosphere contains abundant water resources. Harvesting fresh water from the air has become an emerging and attractive approach, among which sorption-based atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) is the most promising method, as it demonstrates high water producibility, wide applicability and low energy consumption. Metal-organic frameworks (MOF) are a class of emerging porous materials characterized by their large specific surface area, adjustable pore structures and chemistry. Recently, hydrolytically stable MOFs have been used as sorbents in AWH, and several MOF-based prototyping devices have been demonstrated with great practical potential. In this review, we briefly summarize the recent progress on the MOFs and their derived composites as AWH sorbents. Then, we introduce several most representative devices using MOFs for practical applications. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of this emerging field are discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atmospheric Water Resources Exploitation and Utilization)
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