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Water
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Recent Progress of Constructed Wetland for Wastewater Treatment
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Recent Progress of Constructed Wetland for Wastewater Treatment

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Wastewater Treatment and Reuse".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2019) | Viewed by 21038

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Paula Maria Lima Castro

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF – Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, 172, 4200-374 Porto, Portugal
Interests: environmental biotechnology; biodegradation; wastewater treatment; phytotechnologies for water and soil; bioinoculation; ecosystem services
Dr. Cristina Sousa Coutinho Calheiros

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
2. Institute of Science and Environment, University of St. Joseph, Rua de Londres 106, Macao 999078, China
Interests: water and wastewater treatment; environmental biotechnology; environmental engineering; phytomanagement; bioremediation; phytoremediation; nature-based solutions; freshwater ecosystem conservation and restoration; education for sustainability
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We would like to invite you to contribute to an important Special Issue of Water focused on the advances in knowledge related to wastewater treatment with constructed wetlands.

Constructed wetlands have long been seen as a technology for wastewater treatment but their role in the ecosystems and water management far exceed the enhancement of water quality they provide. A range of other ecosystem services come along with the technology that integrates green and blue infrastructures strategies. The state of pollution of water bodies and the rate of exploitation of natural resources cannot be ignored, and the use of friendly systems for wastewater treatment, such as constructed wetlands, helps facing these issues. The extreme climate events occurring in many parts of the globe demand for rethinking of the water management as a challenge for sustainability. Economically feasible and ecologically conceived nature-based solutions are still on demand as integrated and holistic approaches.

Innovative research papers in this Special Issue are encouraged under the topics of i) water treatment by constructed wetlands as climate change adaption contribution, ii) solutions for water reuse and recycling, iii) multifunctional constructed wetlands, iv) removal of emergent contaminants, and v) latest trends on the extension for constructed wetlands as the basis for other nature-based solutions.

Prof. Dr. Paula Maria Lima Castro
Dr. Cristina Sousa Coutinho Calheiros
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • pollution
  • climate change
  • phytoremediation
  • constructed wetlands
  • water management
  • water quality
  • ecosystem services

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 2422 KiB  
Article
Toxicity Abatement of Wastewaters from Tourism Units by Constructed Wetlands
by Cristina S. C. Calheiros, Paula M. L. Castro, Ana Gavina and Ruth Pereira
Water 2019, 11(12), 2623; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w11122623 - 12 Dec 2019
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3402
Abstract
The present research intended to investigate the toxicity abatement of domestic wastewater after passing a biosystem composed of a constructed wetland (CW) followed by a pond. The wastewater was generated in a tourism house in a rural and mountainous context and passed through [...] Read more.
The present research intended to investigate the toxicity abatement of domestic wastewater after passing a biosystem composed of a constructed wetland (CW) followed by a pond. The wastewater was generated in a tourism house in a rural and mountainous context and passed through a septic tank before being diverted to a CW followed by a pond. A battery of ecotoxicological tests, comprising microalgae (Raphidocelis subcapitata), macrophytes (Lemna minor), cladocerans (Daphnia magna), and bacteria (Aliivibrio fischeri), was used to assess the toxicity of the wastewater collected before and after the CW and the water of the pond. Physicochemical parameters (pH, conductivity, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, phosphates, ammonium, and nitrate) were also determined. The CW was able to remove carbon and nutrients from the water with a concomitant reduction of its toxicity. This study, reinforced the added value of using toxicity tests as a complement to CW operational monitoring to validate the solution and to analyze possible readjustments that may be required to improve efficiency. This study lends further support to the claim that CWs can be a sustainable solution for treating small volumes of domestic wastewater in a rural context. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress of Constructed Wetland for Wastewater Treatment)
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10 pages, 1229 KiB  
Article
Diverse Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) Communities Colonize Plants Inhabiting a Constructed Wetland for Wastewater Treatment
by Cristina S. C. Calheiros, Sofia I. A. Pereira, Albina R. Franco and Paula M. L. Castro
Water 2019, 11(8), 1535; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w11081535 - 25 Jul 2019
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 4839
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) are biological wastewater treatment systems that comprise several components where plants and associated organisms play an important role in water depuration. Microbial studies emphasize bacterial dynamics, whereas studies of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are scarce and the functional role of [...] Read more.
Constructed wetlands (CWs) are biological wastewater treatment systems that comprise several components where plants and associated organisms play an important role in water depuration. Microbial studies emphasize bacterial dynamics, whereas studies of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are scarce and the functional role of AMF in aquatic and wetland plants is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to analyze the AMF communities colonizing the roots of Canna indica, Canna flaccida, and Watsonia borbonica inhabiting a CW treating wastewater of a tourism unit. The dynamics of the AMF communities were evaluated by Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) of 18S rRNA gene amplification products along cold (C) and hot (H) seasons for three consecutive years. DGGE profiles allowed the estimation of AMF species richness (S), and Shannon-Wienner (H) and Pielou (J) indexes, for the different plant species, showing differences between species and along the years. Excised bands from DGGE were analyzed and identified through sequencing for arbuscular mycorrhiza, revealing the presence of AMF strains closely related to Glomus sp., Rhizophagus sp. and Acaulospora sp. genera. Concomitant water quality analyses showed that the system was effective in organic and nutrient removal during the sampling period. Findings from this study suggest that AMF diversity found in the CW is influenced by the water constituents, season, and plant species. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress of Constructed Wetland for Wastewater Treatment)
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12 pages, 1419 KiB  
Article
Effect of Aeration Modes and COD/N Ratios on Organic Matter and Nitrogen Removal in Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland Mesocosms
by Xin Chen, Hui Zhu, Yingying Xu, Brian Shutes, Baixing Yan and Qingwei Zhou
Water 2018, 10(11), 1530; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w10111530 - 27 Oct 2018
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3418
Abstract
A series of mesocosm-scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands (HSSF-CWs) were established. In Experiment 1, four artificial aeration (AA) modes, including pre-aeration at 24 h before the input of influent water (PA), aeration at 6 h (6AA) and 12 h (12AA) after the [...] Read more.
A series of mesocosm-scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands (HSSF-CWs) were established. In Experiment 1, four artificial aeration (AA) modes, including pre-aeration at 24 h before the input of influent water (PA), aeration at 6 h (6AA) and 12 h (12AA) after the input of influent water and non-aeration (NA), were tested to obtain an optimal aeration mode for chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) and nitrogen removal. The results showed that aeration after the input of influent water could improve the removal efficiencies of CODCr and ammonia-nitrogen (NH4⁺-N), but lead to an accumulation of nitrate-nitrogen (NO3−-N). The above observation demonstrated that a single aeration cannot create an ideal alternation of aerobic and anaerobic conditions for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. Therefore, HSSF-CWs with intermittent aeration (IA), after the input of influent water and NA were established to evaluate the combined effects of IA and influent COD/N ratios on pollutant removal in Experiment 2. The HSSF-CW with IA exhibited a better performance in CODCr and nitrogen removal compared to HSSF-CW with NA. The highest removal percentages of CODCr (90.1%), NH4+-N (99.8%) and total nitrogen (TN, 99.5%) were achieved at a COD/N ratio of 9.3 in HSSF-CW with IA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress of Constructed Wetland for Wastewater Treatment)
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16 pages, 2418 KiB  
Article
Removal Processes of Carbamazepine in Constructed Wetlands Treating Secondary Effluent: A Review
by Xinhan Chen, Zhen Hu, Yijin Zhang, Linlan Zhuang, Jian Zhang, Jing Li and Hongying Hu
Water 2018, 10(10), 1351; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w10101351 - 28 Sep 2018
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 4178
Abstract
It is widely believed that constructed wetlands (CWs) own great potentiality as polishing wastewater treatment methods for removing carbamazepine (CBZ). Although the typical CBZ removal efficiencies in CWs are quite low, the CBZ removal performance could be improved to some extend by optimizing [...] Read more.
It is widely believed that constructed wetlands (CWs) own great potentiality as polishing wastewater treatment methods for removing carbamazepine (CBZ). Although the typical CBZ removal efficiencies in CWs are quite low, the CBZ removal performance could be improved to some extend by optimizing the CW design parameters. A comparison of current relevant studies indicates that horizontal sub-surface flow CWs (HSSF-CWs) and hybrid wetlands are attracting more interest for the treatment of CBZ wastewater. According to CBZ’s physicochemical properties, substrate adsorption (25.70–57.30%) and macrophyte uptake (22.30–51.00%) are the two main CBZ removal pathways in CWs. The CBZ removal efficiency of CWs employing light expanded clay aggregate (LECA) as a substrate could reach values higher than 90%, and the most favorable macrophyte species is Iris sibirica, which has shown the highest total CBZ assimilation capacity. Several methods for enhancement have been proposed to optimize CBZ removal in CWs, including development of hydraulic models for optimization of CW operation, introduction of extra new CBZ removal ways into CW through substrate modification, design of combined/integrated CW, etc. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress of Constructed Wetland for Wastewater Treatment)
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Review

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27 pages, 339 KiB  
Review
The State of the Art of Clogging in Vertical Flow Wetlands
by Bernhard Pucher and Guenter Langergraber
Water 2019, 11(11), 2400; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w11112400 - 15 Nov 2019
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 4155
Abstract
Clogging in vertical flow (VF) wetlands is an important process influencing water purification processes. The main contributing factors are the growth of microorganisms within the filter media, the accumulation of suspended solids on top of the wetland, as well as within the filter [...] Read more.
Clogging in vertical flow (VF) wetlands is an important process influencing water purification processes. The main contributing factors are the growth of microorganisms within the filter media, the accumulation of suspended solids on top of the wetland, as well as within the filter media. Both processes lead to a decrease of the available pore space, hence changing the soil’s hydraulic properties. This will alter the water flow and cause malfunctioning of the system. This paper summarizes the state of the art of the prevailing physical, biological and chemical processes influencing clogging in VF wetlands. Different design and operational parameters are discussed to give a better understanding on their influence to prevent malfunctioning. Based on a literature review, a detailed overview on experimental as well as modelling studies carried out is presented. The main conclusions are that on the one hand, important insights on clogging processes in VF wetlands have been gained but, on the other hand, design parameters such as intermittent loading operation and the grain size of the filter media are not well represented in those studies. Clogging models use different conceptual approaches ranging from black box models to process based models. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress of Constructed Wetland for Wastewater Treatment)
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