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Mathematical Simulation and Validation of a Wastewater Treatment Plant
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Mathematical Simulation and Validation of a Wastewater Treatment Plant

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Wastewater Treatment and Reuse".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 August 2023) | Viewed by 6058

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Ioanna Vasiliadou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi, Greece
Interests: water and wastewater treatment; advanced bio-oxidation processes; sewage sludge management; resources and energy recovery from wastewater; soil and groundwater bioremediation; bio-electrochemical systems; mathematical modeling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Human activities lead to the increase and accumulation of many kinds of pollutants in the natural environment, which result in surface and groundwaters, via the effluent of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Therefore, the control, optimization and wise operation of WWTPs are of great importance, since effluent criteria are becoming more stringent. Scientific and technological interests have been focused on upgrading the existing chemical and biological processes in WWTPs and on implementing new technologies in order to improve activated sludge processes. The technological improvement of WWTPs, in combination with the ability to predict the operation of a WWTP, is an appreciated tool for efficient operating control under real conditions. This Special Issue aims to shed light on several modeling approaches that focus on the simulation of chemical and biological processes involved in WWTPs. The mathematical models are able to identify the key operating and environmental conditions, revealing those that lead to the best performance of the WWTP. In conclusion, the use of an aquaret mathematical tool for predicting the performance of a WWTP, under actual conditions, may lead to better control and design of the plant.

Dr. Ioanna Vasiliadou
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) operation
  • wastewater treatment
  • sewage sludge treatment
  • municipal wastewater treatment
  • industrial wastewater treatment
  • mathematical modeling of WWTP operation
  • model’s calibration and validation
  • activated sludge models
  • prediction tools
  • simulation under real operating conditions

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 6195 KiB  
Article
Three-Dimensional Numerical Analysis and Operational Optimization of High-Efficiency Sedimentation Tank
by Zhian Ye, Shaoxin Kang, Zhengjiang Wang, Qi Jiang, Jiangtao Zhang, Bin Zheng and Jinlei Wang
Water 2023, 15(20), 3656; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w15203656 - 18 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1089
Abstract
The high-efficiency sedimentation tank has a wide range of application prospects in industrial wastewater treatment due to its small footprint, strong resistance to shock loads, and high efficiency. However, the complex flow field distribution inside significantly affects the treatment performance of the high-efficiency [...] Read more.
The high-efficiency sedimentation tank has a wide range of application prospects in industrial wastewater treatment due to its small footprint, strong resistance to shock loads, and high efficiency. However, the complex flow field distribution inside significantly affects the treatment performance of the high-efficiency tank. In this study, a three-dimensional geometric model of the high-efficiency sedimentation tank was constructed based on an engineering prototype. The corresponding solid–liquid two-phase, whole-process computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model for the high-efficiency sedimentation tank was established using the realizable k-ε turbulent model and the multiple reference frame (MRF) method. The internal structures of the flocculation zone, plug-flow zone, and clarification zone were optimized, and then the influence of operational process conditions on the flocculation treatment performance was investigated. The results indicate that, for the given engineering model, the average turbulent kinetic energy k in the flocculation zone exhibits a trend that initially increases and then decreases with the increase in the diameter and height of the draft tube. The optimal hydraulic conditions for the flocculation zone are achieved when the diameter of the draft tube is 2.5 m and the height is 3.5 m. The average turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate in the plug-flow/clarification zone tends to decrease first and then increase as the height of the water tunnel and water-retaining weir increases. The optimal hydraulic conditions for the plug-flow and clarification zones are achieved when the height of the water tunnel is 1.0 m and the height of the water-retaining weir is 1.6 m. Under optimal operating conditions (dosage of dense media particles: 40 mg/L, stirring rate: 30 rpm, and inlet velocity: 0.72 m/s), satisfactory overall hydraulic conditions can be achieved throughout the entire high-efficiency sedimentation tank. Comparisons between a high-efficiency settling tank and a conventional clarifier for the treatment of circulating water sewage in a practical implementation reveals that the ballasted high-efficiency settling tank has advantages in terms of high hydraulic loading, high removal efficiency of hardness, small footprint, and low doses of flocculant. This research will provide reference values for the design and operation optimization of high-efficiency sedimentation tanks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mathematical Simulation and Validation of a Wastewater Treatment Plant)
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20 pages, 3205 KiB  
Article
An Effective Standalone Solar Air Gap Membrane Distillation Plant for Saline Water Desalination: Mathematical Model, Optimization
by Nawel Mibarki, Zakaria Triki, Abd-Elmouneïm Belhadj, Hichem Tahraoui, Meriem Zamouche, Mohammed Kebir, Abdeltif Amrane, Jie Zhang and Lotfi Mouni
Water 2023, 15(6), 1141; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15061141 - 15 Mar 2023
Viewed by 2213
Abstract
Several drinking water production techniques are being established to respond immediately to the growing needs of the population. The system of air gap membrane distillation (AGMD) is the best attractive option for the process of water desalination. This thermal process is characterized by [...] Read more.
Several drinking water production techniques are being established to respond immediately to the growing needs of the population. The system of air gap membrane distillation (AGMD) is the best attractive option for the process of water desalination. This thermal process is characterized by its potential to provide drinking water at low energy costs when combined with solar energy. In this paper, the AGMD brackish water desalination unit potentialities coupled with solar energy were investigated. Ghardaïa of the south region has been considered as the field of our study. Mathematical modeling is investigated by employing MATLAB software to develop the prediction of the permeate flux related to the phenomena of heat and mass transfer. Herein, flat plate solar collectors (SFPC) were exploited as a source for heating saline water through free solar energy conversion. The further model validation of a flat solar collector made it possible for following the instantaneous evolution of the collector outlet temperature depending on the feed water temperature and the flow rate. Furthermore, it is interesting to note that the results prove the possibility to produce water by the solar AGMD process with a maximum permeate flux of 8 kg·m−2·h−1 achieved at 68 °C, a feed temperature. Moreover, gained output ratio (GOR) of the unit of thermal solar desalination was estimated to be about 4.6, which decreases with increasing hot water flow and temperature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mathematical Simulation and Validation of a Wastewater Treatment Plant)
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12 pages, 1837 KiB  
Article
Simulation of an Oxic-Settling-Anaerobic Pilot Plant Operated under Real Conditions Using the Activated Sludge Model No.2d
by Rosa Vitanza, Angelo Cortesi, Vittorino Gallo, Maria E. De Arana and Ioanna A. Vasiliadou
Water 2021, 13(23), 3383; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w13233383 - 01 Dec 2021
Viewed by 1831
Abstract
Oxic-settling-anaerobic (OSA) process has been introduced into the treatment line of wastewater in order to upgrade activated sludge processes and to reduce the production of excess sludge. The aim of the present study was to simulate the performance of an OSA pilot plant [...] Read more.
Oxic-settling-anaerobic (OSA) process has been introduced into the treatment line of wastewater in order to upgrade activated sludge processes and to reduce the production of excess sludge. The aim of the present study was to simulate the performance of an OSA pilot plant by implementing the Activated Sludge Model No.2d (ASM2d) into a mathematical modelling software (BioWin). The stepwise calibration, performed both by off-line experiments and software dynamic calibration, was carried out in a heuristic way, adjusting the parameters values that showed a major influence to the effluent and internal concentrations. All the reduction factors introduced into ASM2d to simulate the processes occurring in anoxic and anaerobic conditions were lowered in order to reproduce the concentrations of interest. In addition, the values of parameters of the PAOs (polyphosphate accumulating organisms)-related process (namely qPHA and YPO4) were found lower than those usually adopted. In general, theoretical results were in good agreement with the experimental data obtained from plant’s operation, showing an accurate predictive capacity of the model. Good performance was achieved considering the phosphorus removal related process, while some failures were detected in COD and ammonia simulations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mathematical Simulation and Validation of a Wastewater Treatment Plant)
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