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Water
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Microbial Processing of Dissolved Organic Matter in Streams and Rivers
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Microbial Processing of Dissolved Organic Matter in Streams and Rivers

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Water Quality and Contamination".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2021) | Viewed by 18271

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Norbert Kamjunke

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
River Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung, Leipzig, Germany
Interests: river ecology; dissolved organic carbon; microbiology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Fluvial networks are globally relevant for the processing of dissolved organic matter (DOM). However, the molecular change of DOM quality and diversity along river courses has only been described in a few studies so far, and the role of bacteria in the transformation of specific components is not fully understood. Thus, I invite papers that investigate DOM along the flow stretch of streams and rivers using high resolution methods, and that are related to measures of bacterial activity such as biomass production, enzyme activity, metabolism, or transcriptomics. Alternatively, experiments on the transformation of fluvial DOM are welcome. The goal is to obtain information from many waters with different hydrology, and of land use of the catchement, season, or latitude. These results will improve our understanding of organic matter conversion in running waters.

Dr. Norbert Kamjunke
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • DOM
  • molecular composion
  • diversity
  • high-resolution mass spectrometry
  • bacteria
  • enzyme
  • transcriptomics
  • hydrology
  • land use
  • carbon cycle

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 5109 KiB  
Article
New Insights into the Seasonal Variation of DOM Quality of a Humic-Rich Drinking-Water Reservoir—Coupling 2D-Fluorescence and FTICR MS Measurements
by Christin Wilske, Peter Herzsprung, Oliver J. Lechtenfeld, Norbert Kamjunke, Jürgen W. Einax and Wolf von Tümpling
Water 2021, 13(12), 1703; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w13121703 - 19 Jun 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2896
Abstract
Long-term changes in dissolved organic matter (DOM) quality, especially in humic-rich raw waters, may lead to intensive adaptions in drinking-water processing. However, seasonal DOM quality changes in standing waters are poorly understood. To fill this gap, the DOM quality of a German drinking [...] Read more.
Long-term changes in dissolved organic matter (DOM) quality, especially in humic-rich raw waters, may lead to intensive adaptions in drinking-water processing. However, seasonal DOM quality changes in standing waters are poorly understood. To fill this gap, the DOM quality of a German drinking water reservoir was investigated on a monthly basis by Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR MS) measurements and 2D fluorescence for 18 months. FTICR MS results showed seasonal changes of molecular formula (MF) intensities, indicating photochemical transformation of DOM as a significant process for DOM quality variation. For an assessment of the two humic-like components, identified by parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) of excitation–emission matrices (EEM), their loadings were Spearman’s rank-correlated with the intensities of the FTICR MS-derived MF. One of the two PARAFAC components correlated to oxygen-rich and relatively unsaturated MF identified as easily photo-degradable, also known as coagulants in flocculation processes. The other PARAFAC component showed opposite seasonal fluctuations and correlated with more saturated MF identified as photo-products with some of them being potential precursors of disinfection byproducts. Our study indicated the importance of elucidating both the chemical background and seasonal behavior of DOM if raw water-quality control is implemented by bulk optical parameters. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microbial Processing of Dissolved Organic Matter in Streams and Rivers)
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12 pages, 2363 KiB  
Article
Quality of Dissolved Organic Matter Driven by Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Microbial Processes in a Large River
by Norbert Kamjunke, Oliver J. Lechtenfeld and Peter Herzsprung
Water 2020, 12(6), 1577; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w12061577 - 31 May 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2738
Abstract
Rivers are regarded as important sites for processing of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from terrestrial sources on its way to the ocean. However, little is known about the longitudinal change of DOM molecular composition in large rivers. Here we performed a Lagrangian sampling [...] Read more.
Rivers are regarded as important sites for processing of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from terrestrial sources on its way to the ocean. However, little is known about the longitudinal change of DOM molecular composition in large rivers. Here we performed a Lagrangian sampling in the lower part of the Middle Elbe at low discharge conditions to test how DOM composition changes along the river stretch and how this is related to microbial processes. The concentration of dissolved organic carbon and fluorescence indices showed only subtle longitudinal differences. In contrast, ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis of riverine DOM detected pronounced changes in molecular composition. Also, chlorophyll a concentration, bacterial abundance, and bacterial production all increased downstream. The three microbial parameters were positively related to intensities of CHO and CHNO molecular formulas with high hydrogen/carbon and low oxygen/carbon ratios but negatively to several CHOS surfactants. To disentangle the role of autotrophic and heterotrophic processes, we developed a new approach and compared slopes from linear regression of DOM compound intensities versus chlorophyll a concentration and bacteria abundance. As a result, most of the positive related DOM compounds were produced by bacteria. In conclusion, longitudinal changes of river DOM seemed to be largely driven by microbial processes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microbial Processing of Dissolved Organic Matter in Streams and Rivers)
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21 pages, 3025 KiB  
Article
Photochemically Induced Changes of Dissolved Organic Matter in a Humic-Rich and Forested Stream
by Christin Wilske, Peter Herzsprung, Oliver J. Lechtenfeld, Norbert Kamjunke and Wolf von Tümpling
Water 2020, 12(2), 331; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w12020331 - 23 Jan 2020
Cited by 32 | Viewed by 3792
Abstract
Photochemical processing is an important way to transform terrestrial dissolved organic matter (DOM) but was rarely investigated by ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry. We performed an irradiation experiment with water from a shaded forest stream flowing into a lit reservoir. Bacterial activity explained only [...] Read more.
Photochemical processing is an important way to transform terrestrial dissolved organic matter (DOM) but was rarely investigated by ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry. We performed an irradiation experiment with water from a shaded forest stream flowing into a lit reservoir. Bacterial activity explained only 1% of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) decline in a combined bacterial and photodegradation approach. Photodegradation decreased the DOC concentration by 30%, the specific ultraviolet (UV) absorption by 40%–50%, and fluorescence intensity by 80% during six days. The humification index (HIX) decreased whereas the fluorescence index (FI) did not change. Two humic-like components identified by parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) of excitation–emission matrices followed the decrease of fluorescent DOM. Changes of relative peak intensities of Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectroscopy (FT-ICR MS) elemental formula components as a function of cumulated radiation were evaluated both by Spearman’s rank correlation and linear regression. The FT-ICR MS intensity changes indicate that high aromatic material was photochemically converted into smaller non-fluorescent molecules or degraded by the release of CO2. This study shows the molecular change of terrestrial DOM before the preparation of drinking water from reservoirs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microbial Processing of Dissolved Organic Matter in Streams and Rivers)
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19 pages, 3126 KiB  
Article
staRdom: Versatile Software for Analyzing Spectroscopic Data of Dissolved Organic Matter in R
by Matthias Pucher, Urban Wünsch, Gabriele Weigelhofer, Kathleen Murphy, Thomas Hein and Daniel Graeber
Water 2019, 11(11), 2366; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w11112366 - 12 Nov 2019
Cited by 124 | Viewed by 8045
Abstract
The roles of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in microbial processes and nutrient cycles depend on its composition, which requires detailed measurements and analyses. We introduce a package for R, called staRdom (“spectroscopic analysis of DOM in R”), to analyze DOM spectroscopic data (absorbance [...] Read more.
The roles of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in microbial processes and nutrient cycles depend on its composition, which requires detailed measurements and analyses. We introduce a package for R, called staRdom (“spectroscopic analysis of DOM in R”), to analyze DOM spectroscopic data (absorbance and fluorescence), which is key to deliver fast insight into DOM composition of many samples. staRdom provides functions that standardize data preparation and analysis of spectroscopic data and are inspired by practical work. The user can perform blank subtraction, dilution correction, Raman normalization, scatter removal and interpolation, and fluorescence normalization. The software performs parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) of excitation–emission matrices (EEMs), including peak picking of EEMs, and calculates fluorescence indices, absorbance indices, and absorbance slope indices from EEMs and absorbance spectra. A comparison between PARAFAC solutions by staRdom in R compared with drEEM in MATLAB showed nearly identical solutions for most datasets, although different convergence criteria are needed to obtain similar results and interpolation of missing data is important when working with staRdom. In conclusion, staRdom offers the opportunity for standardized multivariate decomposition of spectroscopic data without requiring software licensing fees and presuming only basic R knowledge. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microbial Processing of Dissolved Organic Matter in Streams and Rivers)
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