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Integrated Modeling of Emerging Contaminants in the Surface Water: Monitoring, Projections and Risk Analysis

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A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Water Quality and Contamination".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2022) | Viewed by 14309

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Alessandra Marzadri

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Guest Editor

Università degli Studi di Trento, Trento, Italy
Interests: Interaction between surface and subsurface riverine environments; Nutrient and contaminants transport along rivers; Climate Change; Greenhouse gas emissions from river networks; Hydrological processes; Chemical processes; Chemical reactions; Fluid mechanics; Physical processes

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Among the multitude of pressures introduced by human activities, special attention needs to be given also to the fate of a vast number of chemical products: from pharmaceuticals and personal care products to pesticides, manufactured nanomaterials, microplastics and other products that are used daily and that will be created in the near future. All these chemical products are known as Emerging Contaminants and they may have potential adverse effects on human and environmental health. Understanding how these emerging contaminants move in surface waters is a fundamental step to predict their fate and advance methods and approaches used for estimating the hazards due to their exposure. This Water Special Issue is designed to publish high-quality papers that will explore these topics. The aim of the Special Issue is to improve existing modeling approaches by combining them with monitoring measurements in order to quantitatively predict their fate and improve the approaches and methods used for assessing risks. We are particularly interested in receiving manuscripts that review experimental, theoretical and computational studies.

Dr. Alessandra Marzadri
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Emerging Contaminants
Surface water
Integrated Modeling Approaches
Measurements
Detection techniques
Risk assessments

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 2275 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Families Due to Chronic Consumption of Nitrate-Contaminated Water in Rural Areas with Intensive Livestock and Agricultural Practices in Durango, Mexico

by Edgar García-Torres, Rebeca Pérez-Morales, Alberto González-Zamora and Esperanza Yasmín Calleros-Rincón

Water 2022, 14(3), 282; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w14030282 - 18 Jan 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2283

Abstract

Nitrate is a widely disseminated water pollutant and has been linked to health disorders, including hypothyroidism. Here, we evaluated the relationship between thyroid function and chronic exposure to nitrates in rural zone families, in addition to the genetic and autoimmune factors. Exposure and effect biomarkers, thyroid hormones, and autoantibodies of tiroperoxidase were measured, as well the presence of two FOXE1 polymorphisms (rs965513, rs1867277). Pearson’s correlation, principal component analysis, Kruskal–Wallis, and chi-squared tests were used for statistical analysis. A total of 102 individuals were analyzed; 45% presented subclinical hypothyroidism, a negative correlation was observed between methemoglobin and the total T3 (r = −0.43, p = 0.001) and free T3 levels (r = −0.34, p = 0.001), as well as between TSH and the free T4 (r = −0.41, p = 0.0001) and total T4 (r = −0.36, p = 0.0001). A total of 15.7% had positive antithyroid ab-TPO, while the polymorphic genotype (AA) represented only 3% (rs965513) and 4% (rs1867277) among subjects with subclinical hypothyroidism. The high frequency of subclinical hypothyroidism in the population under study could be related, mainly, to chronic exposure through the consumption of nitrate-contaminated water. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Modeling of Emerging Contaminants in the Surface Water: Monitoring, Projections and Risk Analysis)

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19 pages, 3229 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Modeling and Simulation of Source Separation in Sanitation Systems for Reducing Emissions of Antimicrobial Resistances

by Jörg Londong, Marcus Barth and Heinrich Söbke

Water 2021, 13(23), 3342; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w13233342 - 25 Nov 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2190

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the top ten threats to public health worldwide. In addition to public health, AMR also poses a major threat to food security and economic development. Current sanitation systems contribute to the emergence and spread of AMR and lack effective AMR mitigation measures. This study assesses source separation of blackwater as a mitigation measure against AMR. A source-separation-modified combined sanitation system with separate collection of blackwater and graywater is conceptually described. Measures taken at the source, such as the separate collection and discharge of material flows, were not considered so far on a load balance basis, i.e., they have not yet been evaluated for their effectiveness. The sanitation system described is compared with a combined system and a separate system regarding AMR emissions by means of simulation. AMR is represented in the simulation model by one proxy parameter each for antibiotics (sulfamethoxazole), antibiotic-resistant bacteria (extended-spectrum beta-lactamase E. Coli), and antibiotic resistance genes (blaTEM). The simulation results suggest that the source-separation-based sanitation system reduces emissions of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes into the aquatic environment by more than six logarithm steps compared to combined systems. Sulfamethoxazole emissions can be reduced by 75.5% by keeping blackwater separate from graywater and treating it sufficiently. In summary, sanitation systems incorporating source separation are, to date, among the most effective means of preventing the emission of AMR into the aquatic environment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Modeling of Emerging Contaminants in the Surface Water: Monitoring, Projections and Risk Analysis)

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Review

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34 pages, 1499 KiB

Open AccessReview

Insights into Gastrointestinal Virome: Etiology and Public Exposure

by Islam Nour, Atif Hanif, Martin Ryan and Saleh Eifan

Water 2021, 13(19), 2794; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w13192794 - 08 Oct 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2579

Abstract

Recycled wastewater is widely used owing to the potential shortage of water resources for drinking purposes, recreational activities, and irrigation. However, gut microbiomes of both human beings and animals negatively affect this water quality. Wastewater contamination is continuously monitored, using fecal contamination indicators or microbial source tracking approaches, to oppose arising enteric infections. Viral gastroenteritis is considered a principal manifestation of waterborne pathogenic virome-mediated infections, which are mainly transmitted via the fecal-oral route. Furthermore, acquired enteric viromes are the common cause of infantile acute diarrhea. Moreover, public exposure to wastewater via wastewater discharge or treated wastewater reuse has led to a significant surge of public health concerns. In this review, we discussed the etiology of waterborne enteric viromes, notably gastrointestinal virus infections, and public exposure to municipal wastewater. Conclusively, the early human virome is affected mainly by birth mode, dietary behavior, and maternal health, and could provide a signature of disease incidence, however, more virome diversification is acquired in adulthood. A multi-phase treatment approach offered an effective means for the elimination of wastewater reuse mediated public risks. The insights highlighted in this paper offer essential information for defining probable etiologies and assessing risks related to exposure to discharged or reused wastewater. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Modeling of Emerging Contaminants in the Surface Water: Monitoring, Projections and Risk Analysis)

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Graphical abstract

30 pages, 2881 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Review of Current and Emerging Approaches for Water Pollution Monitoring

by Nurhasliza Zolkefli, Siti Suhailah Sharuddin, Mohd Zulkhairi Mohd Yusoff, Mohd Ali Hassan, Toshinari Maeda and Norhayati Ramli

Water 2020, 12(12), 3417; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w12123417 - 04 Dec 2020

Cited by 22 | Viewed by 6365

Abstract

The aquatic ecosystem is continuously threatened by the infiltration and discharge of anthropogenic wastewaters. This issue requires the unending improvement of monitoring systems to become more comprehensive and specific to targeted pollutants. This review intended to elucidate the overall aspects explored by researchers in developing better water pollution monitoring tools in recent years. The discussion is encircled around three main elements that have been extensively used as the basis for the development of monitoring methods, namely the dissolved compounds, bacterial indicator, and nucleic acids. The latest technologies applied in wastewater and surface water mapped from these key players were reviewed and categorized into physicochemical and compound characterizations, biomonitoring, and molecular approaches in taxonomical and functional analyses. Overall, researchers are continuously rallying to enhance the detection of causal source for water pollution through either conventional or mostly advanced approaches focusing on spectrometry, high-throughput sequencing, and flow cytometry technology among others. From this review’s perspective, each pollution evaluation technology has its own advantages and it would be beneficial for several aspects of pollutants assessments to be combined and established as a complementary package for better aquatic environmental management in the long run. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Modeling of Emerging Contaminants in the Surface Water: Monitoring, Projections and Risk Analysis)

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