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Water
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Numerical Modeling of Water Flow, Nutrients and Sediment Transport
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Numerical Modeling of Water Flow, Nutrients and Sediment Transport

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Water Erosion and Sediment Transport".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 August 2022) | Viewed by 8541

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Peiling Yang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
Interests: irrigation; water-saving technologies; ecological irrigation district; soil quality improvement; simulation of water movement; crop nutrition
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Renkuan Liao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Irrigation and Drainage, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, China
Interests: agricultural water management; soil and water environment restoration; environmental tracer technology; root water uptake model; water transport model
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Anthropogenic or natural activities, such as agricultural irrigation or natural rainfall, cause the movement of water, nutrients, and sediment. This may have a negative impact on environmental quality. Assessing the potential impacts of water flow and nutrients and sediment tranpsort on soil and water systems is essential for the development of scientific environmental protection strategies. The establishment of the numerical model provides a robust tool for accurately quantifying the movement of water, nutrients, and sediment, which will provide critical assistance for the prediction of environmental adverse effects under rapidly changing environmental conditions.

The aim of this Special Issue is to publish recent advances in the numerical modeling of environmental factor transport processes that contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms by which anthropogenic or natural activities affect water, nutrients and sediment movement, as well as possible environmental impacts. We welcome original research or review articles on the numerical modeling of water, nutrient, and sediment movement at various scales, including soil column, artificial slope, field slope, soil profile, surface water, vadose zone, and groundwater.

Prof. Dr. Peiling Yang
Dr. Renkuan Liao
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • numerical simulation
  • numerical modeling
  • agricultural irrigation
  • natural rainfall
  • water flow
  • water infiltration
  • nutrients transport
  • root water and nutrients uptake
  • soil water and nutrients management
  • sloping land erosion

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 58725 KiB  
Article
Numerical Simulation of Boulder Fluid–Solid Coupling in Debris Flow: A Case Study in Zhouqu County, Gansu Province, China
by Fei Wang, Jiading Wang, Xiaoqing Chen, Shaoxiong Zhang, Haijun Qiu and Canyun Lou
Water 2022, 14(23), 3884; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w14233884 - 28 Nov 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1853
Abstract
Boulders mixed with debris flows roll downstream under interactions with debris flow slurry, which poses a great threat to the people, houses, bridges, and other infrastructure encountered during their movement. The catastrophic debris flow in Zhouqu County, which occurred on 7 August 2010, [...] Read more.
Boulders mixed with debris flows roll downstream under interactions with debris flow slurry, which poses a great threat to the people, houses, bridges, and other infrastructure encountered during their movement. The catastrophic debris flow in Zhouqu County, which occurred on 7 August 2010, was used as an example to study the motion and accumulation characteristics of boulders in debris flows. In this study, a fluid–solid coupling model utilizing the general moving objects collision model and the renormalization group turbulent model was used in the FLOW-3D software, treating boulders with different shapes in the Zhouqu debris flow as rigid bodies and the debris flow as a viscous flow. Numerical simulation results show that this method can be used to determine the motion parameters of boulders submerged in debris flows at different times, such as the centroid velocity, angular velocity, kinetic energy, and motion coordinates. The research method employed herein can provide a reference for studying debris flow movement mechanisms, impact force calculations, and aid in designing engineering control structures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Modeling of Water Flow, Nutrients and Sediment Transport)
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23 pages, 2323 KiB  
Article
Agricultural Productive Carrying Capacity Improve and Water Optimal Allocation under Uncertainty Based on Remote Sensing Data in Lancang County, Southwest China
by Yunquan Zhang and Peiling Yang
Water 2022, 14(22), 3641; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w14223641 - 11 Nov 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1280
Abstract
Through the reasonable calculation of water resources, evaluating the irrigation carrying capacity of farmland under the constraints of water resources is crucial for optimizing the spatial distribution of agricultural production and ecology and rationally adjusting the scale of agricultural production. This paper proposes [...] Read more.
Through the reasonable calculation of water resources, evaluating the irrigation carrying capacity of farmland under the constraints of water resources is crucial for optimizing the spatial distribution of agricultural production and ecology and rationally adjusting the scale of agricultural production. This paper proposes an optimization framework based on Type 2 fuzzy chance-constrained programming (T2FCCP) to solve the problem of regional water resources optimal allocation and evaluation of farmland irrigation carrying capacity under uncertain conditions. To illustrate the applicability of the proposed framework, this paper conducts a case study on Lancang County, Puer City, Yunnan Province. Methods, such as watershed harmony evaluation method, remote sensing data, and shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs), are applied and integrated into the proposed optimization framework to systematically deal with uncertainties in water resource systems and agricultural systems. The results include the costs and benefits of regional water and soil resources systems, water resources optimal allocation, and crop planting structure results under different SSPs in Lancang County, Puer City. The results also show that the total cost under T2FCCP is about 5% lower than that under fuzzy chance-constrained programming (FCCP) and about 17% lower than that under chance-constrained programming (CCP). By 2025, the water resources carrying capacity of different tributaries in Lancang County, Puer City will increase, and based on the evaluation results of agricultural production irrigation carrying capacity, suggestions are given to ensure agricultural production carrying capacity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Modeling of Water Flow, Nutrients and Sediment Transport)
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25 pages, 15339 KiB  
Article
How Heterogeneous Pore Scale Distributions of Wettability Affect Infiltration into Porous Media
by Jonas Bentz, Ravi A. Patel, Pascal Benard, Alice Lieu, Adrian Haupenthal and Eva Kroener
Water 2022, 14(7), 1110; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w14071110 - 30 Mar 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2166
Abstract
Wettability is an important parameter that significantly determines hydrology in porous media, and it especially controls the flow of water across the rhizosphere—the soil-plant interface. However, the influence of spatially heterogeneous distributions on the soil particles surfaces is scarcely known. Therefore, this study [...] Read more.
Wettability is an important parameter that significantly determines hydrology in porous media, and it especially controls the flow of water across the rhizosphere—the soil-plant interface. However, the influence of spatially heterogeneous distributions on the soil particles surfaces is scarcely known. Therefore, this study investigates the influence of spatially heterogeneous wettability distributions on infiltration into porous media. For this purpose, we utilize a two-phase flow model based on Lattice-Boltzmann to numerically simulate the infiltration in porous media with a simplified geometry and for various selected heterogeneous wettability coatings. Additionally, we simulated the rewetting of the dry rhizosphere of a sandy soil where dry hydrophobic mucilage depositions on the particle surface are represented via a locally increased contact angle. In particular, we can show that hydraulic dynamics and water repellency are determined by the specific location of wettability patterns within the pore space. When present at certain locations, tiny hydrophobic depositions can cause water repellency in an otherwise well-wettable soil. In this case, averaged, effective contact angle parameterizations such as the Cassie equation are unsuitable. At critical conditions, when the rhizosphere limits root water uptake, consideration of the specific microscale locations of exudate depositions may improve models of root water uptake. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Modeling of Water Flow, Nutrients and Sediment Transport)
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19 pages, 6548 KiB  
Article
Effect of Different Water Treatments in Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Continuum Based on Intelligent Weighing Systems
by Hairong Gao, Rui Guo, Kaili Shi, Huanfang Yue, Shaoying Zu, Zhiwei Li and Xin Zhang
Water 2022, 14(4), 673; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w14040673 - 21 Feb 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2293
Abstract
In order to meet the needs of dynamic continuous monitoring of soil-plant-atmosphere continuum (SPAC), a new soil, plant, atmosphere analysis system has been established based on an intelligent weighing system (IWS). Four types of irrigation treatments (90%, 80%, 70%, and 60% of field [...] Read more.
In order to meet the needs of dynamic continuous monitoring of soil-plant-atmosphere continuum (SPAC), a new soil, plant, atmosphere analysis system has been established based on an intelligent weighing system (IWS). Four types of irrigation treatments (90%, 80%, 70%, and 60% of field capacity (FC)) were conducted on lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. ramosa Hort.) for two-season planting experiments. Regarding the soil, the relative system weight of IWS showed a significant linear correlation with the soil volumetric moisture content (SWC) (R2 = 0.64–0.94). When the SWC increased by 1.00%, the soil weight increased by 56–62 g. Regarding plants, the IWS also clearly reflected the changes in plant weight gain, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance at different growth stages. After verification, the relative errors of the transpiration rate and stomatal conductance measured by the IWS were −9.60–22.30% and −7.20–22.20%, respectively. Regarding the atmospheric environment, the variation trend of the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) based on the IWS and the reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) calculated with meteorological parameters were consistent. However, the numerical difference was in the uncertainty of the crop coefficient (Kc). The ETc of lettuce under the 80% FC treatment was the highest. Accordingly, a daily online measurement method for Kc was established. The Kc values of lettuce at different growth stages were 0.88, 1.22, and 2.43, respectively. The growth, yield, and water use efficiency (WUE) of crops under 80% FC treatment compared with other treatments significantly increased by 11.07–21.05%, 0.91–9.89%, and 2.16–15.80%, respectively. Therefore, the 80% FC was adopted as the irrigation low limit of potted lettuce. The experimental results provide a theoretical basis for further guiding crop irrigation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Modeling of Water Flow, Nutrients and Sediment Transport)
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