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WEVJ
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Grid Integrated Electric Vehicles
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Grid Integrated Electric Vehicles

A special issue of World Electric Vehicle Journal (ISSN 2032-6653).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2020) | Viewed by 10902

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Sara Deilami

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Engineering/Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
Interests: smart grid and electric vehicle charging technology (V2G/G2V) integration; renewable energy; power system protection; power systems and power quality
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

Electric vehicles have become increasingly attractive due to their associated CO2 reduction and their environmental benefits. The transport sector is moving towards electric mobility and a green future, developing sustainable and efficient energy. Electric vehicle manufacturers have been continuously trying to introduce their latest electric vehicle generations to the smart grid. The large deployment of EVs and the integration of renewable energy resources into smart grids can lead to major issues for power system networks. This Special Issue explores the potential of electric vehicles to contribute to the transformation of transport; the required infrastructure for electric vehicle charging, addressing the major charging issues and providing future solutions and developments in the field of electric vehicle technology; economic concerns; energy efficiency; charging strategies; and public transportation. Prospective authors are invited to submit their articles with original contributions for review and possible publication in this Special Issue.

The topics of interest include (but are not limited to):

  • Smart charging;
  • Operation modes for the electric mobility (e.g., G2V, V2G, V2H, and V4G modes);
  • Electric vehicles and the integration of renewable energy sources;
  • Parking and space use (traffic and urban regulation);
  • Billing and sale of energy (economic regulation);
  • Power quality, reliability and security in smart grids;
  • Demand response programs including electric mobility;
  • Technologies for smart grids, smart homes, and smart cities as support of electric mobility;
  • New topologies of power electronics converters for on-board and off-board chargers;
  • Economic and environmental issues of electric mobility;
  • Technologies of battery electric vehicles;
  • Analysis of cost and emissions associated with electric mobility;
  • New technologies of on-board energy storage systems for electric mobility;
  • Options and issues for the electric mobility concerning end-of-life.

Dr. Sara Deilami
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. World Electric Vehicle Journal is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 2587 KiB  
Article
A Blockchain-Based Configuration for Balancing the Electricity Grid with Distributed Assets
by Tarek AlSkaif, Bart Holthuizen, Wouter Schram, Ioannis Lampropoulos and Wilfried van Sark
World Electr. Veh. J. 2020, 11(4), 62; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/wevj11040062 - 30 Sep 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3639
Abstract
This paper explores a future perspective to foster the provision of balancing services to the electricity grid by distributed assets. One recent test case, initiated by the Dutch Transmission System Operator (TSO), was to operate an Electric Vehicle (EV) fleet on the automatic [...] Read more.
This paper explores a future perspective to foster the provision of balancing services to the electricity grid by distributed assets. One recent test case, initiated by the Dutch Transmission System Operator (TSO), was to operate an Electric Vehicle (EV) fleet on the automatic Frequency Restoration Reserve (aFRR) market, which entails fast and automated reserves. To achieve that in a decentralised, automated and transparent manner, the role of blockchain technology for this specific application is explored. We propose a novel configuration that can serve as a basis for deploying distributed assets for aFRR markets using blockchain or any alternative Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT). Automation can be achieved via the deployment of smart contracts, which also results in transparency in the system. The blockchain configurations are designed for three phases in the aFRR market, namely: (i) Operational planning and scheduling by a balancing service provider (i.e., formulation and submission of aFRR bid), (ii) Real-time operations (i.e., activation and measurements), and (iii) Verification and settlement (i.e., imbalance correction and financial settlement). The paper concludes that the scalability of distributed assets that can participate in the system, combined with the large transaction times and energy consumption of some consensus mechanisms, could put limitations on the proposed architecture. Future research should address benchmarking studies of other alternatives (e.g., DLTs, such as the ones based on directed acyclic graphs, and non-DLT solutions) with the proposed blockchain solution. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Grid Integrated Electric Vehicles)
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15 pages, 783 KiB  
Article
Profitability of Frequency Regulation by Electric Vehicles in Denmark and Japan Considering Battery Degradation Costs
by Lisa Calearo and Mattia Marinelli
World Electr. Veh. J. 2020, 11(3), 48; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/wevj11030048 - 16 Jul 2020
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 6562
Abstract
This paper determines the profitability of the primary frequency regulation (FR) service considering the wear of the electric vehicle (EV) battery as a cost. To evaluate the profitability of the FR service, the cost of degradation from FR provision is separated from the [...] Read more.
This paper determines the profitability of the primary frequency regulation (FR) service considering the wear of the electric vehicle (EV) battery as a cost. To evaluate the profitability of the FR service, the cost of degradation from FR provision is separated from the degradation caused by driving usage. During FR, the power response is proportional to the frequency deviation with full activation power of 9.2 kW, when deviations are larger than 100 mHz. The degradation due to FR is found to be an additional 1–2% to the 7–12% capacity reduction of a 40 kWh Lithium-ion NMC battery pack over 5 years. The overall economic framework is applied in Denmark, both DK1 and DK2, and Japan, by considering historical frequencies. The DK2 FR market framework is taken as reference also for the Japanese and the DK1 cases. Electricity prices and charger efficiency are the two main parameters that affect the profitability of the service. Indeed, with domestic prices there is no profitability, whereas with industrial prices, despite differences between the frequencies, the service is similarly profitable with approx. 3500€ for a five-year period. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Grid Integrated Electric Vehicles)
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