PI3K–AKT Signaling Activation and Icariin: The Potential Effects on the Perimenopausal Depression-Like Rat Model
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Effects of Icariin on Behavioral Changes in the Perimenopausal Depression Rats
2.2. Effects of Icariin on Serum Biochemical Indicators in the Perimenopausal Depression Rats
2.3. Effects of Icariin on Serum Biochemical Indicators in the Perimenopausal Depression Rats
2.4. Effects of Icariin on Visceral Tissue in the Perimenopausal Depression Rats
2.5. Effects of Icariin on the Pathological Changes of Ovary in the Perimenopausal Depression Rats
2.6. Effects of Icariin on the Expression of Hypothalamus ER and ERα in the Perimenopausal Depression Rats
2.7. Effects of Icariin on the Expression of Ovary Bax and Bcl-2 in the Perimenopausal Depression Rats
2.8. Effects of Icariin on the Expression of Ovaries p-AKT/AKT, PI3K (110 kd) and PI3K (85 kd) in the Perimenopausal Depression Rats
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Animals
4.2. Drugs and Chemicals
4.3. Experimental Design
4.4. Surgery
4.5. CUMS
4.6. Behavioral Assessments
4.7. Western Blot Analysis
4.8. Histopathological Examination and Immunofluorescence
4.9. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
4.10. Data Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Availability: Samples of the compounds are available from the authors. |
Stressor | Details |
---|---|
Food deprivation | Rats were subjected to 24 h of food deprivation. Food was provided immediately after the end of the fasting period. |
Water deprivation | Rats were subjected to 24 h of water deprivation. Water was provided immediately after the end of the fasting period. |
Overnight illumination | Lights on for 24 h starting 20:30 |
Wet sawdust bedding | 1 mL of water per 1 g of sawdust bedding for 20 h. Immediately after the stress, rats were removed from the cage and towel dried before being placed back in their home cage. |
Heat environment | 45 °C for 5 min |
Cold water swimming | Rats were placed for 5 min in a cylindrical clear plastic tank (46 cm high (H) × 20 cm diameter (D) filled with water (4 ± 1 °C) to a depth of 30 cm. Immediately after the swim, rats were removed from the tank and towel dried before being placed back in their home cage. |
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Cao, L.-H.; Qiao, J.-Y.; Huang, H.-Y.; Fang, X.-Y.; Zhang, R.; Miao, M.-S.; Li, X.-M. PI3K–AKT Signaling Activation and Icariin: The Potential Effects on the Perimenopausal Depression-Like Rat Model. Molecules 2019, 24, 3700. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules24203700
Cao L-H, Qiao J-Y, Huang H-Y, Fang X-Y, Zhang R, Miao M-S, Li X-M. PI3K–AKT Signaling Activation and Icariin: The Potential Effects on the Perimenopausal Depression-Like Rat Model. Molecules. 2019; 24(20):3700. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules24203700
Chicago/Turabian StyleCao, Li-Hua, Jing-Yi Qiao, Hui-Yuan Huang, Xiao-Yan Fang, Rui Zhang, Ming-San Miao, and Xiu-Min Li. 2019. "PI3K–AKT Signaling Activation and Icariin: The Potential Effects on the Perimenopausal Depression-Like Rat Model" Molecules 24, no. 20: 3700. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules24203700