The Impact of the Ionic Cross-Linking Mode on the Physical and In Vitro Dexamethasone Release Properties of Chitosan/Hydroxyapatite Beads
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Beads Morphology
2.2. ATR-FTIR Analysis
2.3. XRD Analysis
2.4. In Vitro Drug Release
2.5. Kinetics of Release
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Materials
3.2. Preparation of Chitosan/Hydroxyapatite Beads (CS/HA)
3.3. Preparation of Chitosan/Hydroxyapatite/Dexamethasone Beads (CS/HA/DEX)
3.4. Characterization of the Beads
3.4.1. Optical Microscopy (OM)
3.4.2. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
3.4.3. Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) Analysis
3.4.4. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)
3.4.5. In Vitro Drug Release
3.4.6. Release Kinetics
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Availability: Samples of the chitosan/hydroxyapatite beads loaded with dexamethasone are available from the authors. |
Sample | Diameter (mm) | Sphericity |
---|---|---|
CS-TPP9 | 3.40 A | 1.61 A |
CS/HA-TPP9 | 2.78 AB | 1.20 BC |
CS/DEX-TPP9 | 2.74ABC | 1.32 B |
CS/HA/DEX-TPP9 | 2.07 CD | 1.66 A |
CS-TPP6 | 2.06 CD | 1.08 C |
CS/HA-TPP6 | 2.49 BCD | 1.12 BC |
CS/DEX-TPP6 | 1.96 D | 1.09 C |
CS/HA/DEX-TPP6 | 2.38 BCD | 1.13 BC |
Sample | Assignment | Wavenumbers (cm−1) |
---|---|---|
Chitosan (CS) | OH stretching | 3440 |
NH2 symmetric stretching | 3362 | |
NH2 asymmetric stretching | 3294 | |
−CH asymmetric stretching | 2875 | |
−C=O stretching (amide I) | 1650 | |
−NH2 bending (amide I) | 1585 | |
−NH2 bending (amide II) | 1380 | |
−C−O asymmetric stretching | 1030 | |
Sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) | P = O stretching | 1210 |
PO2 symmetric stretching | 1127 | |
PO3 symmetric stretching | 1093 | |
P–O–P asymmetric bending | 881 | |
Hydroxyapatite (HA) | P–O symmetric stretching | 961 |
P–O asymmetric stretching | 1020, 1093 | |
Dexamethasone (DEX) | OH stretching | 3400–3675 |
−CH symmetric stretching | 3020–3055 | |
−CH asymmetric stretching | 2850–3000 | |
−C=O stretching | 1745–1723 | |
−C=O stretching (carbonyl C20) | 1700 | |
−C=O stretching (carbonyl C3) | 1600 | |
−C=C stretching | 1620 | |
−C–OH bending | 1130 |
Sample | Zero-Order | Higuchi | Peppas–Sahlin | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
r2 | AIC | MSC | r2 | AIC | MSC | r2 | AIC | MSC | |
CS/DEX-TPP9 | 0.72 | 75.35 | −1.42 | 0.90 | 64.96 | −0.13 | 0.99 | 52.55 | 1.42 |
CS/DEX-TPP6 | 0.68 | 59.60 | −1.51 | 0.86 | 49.70 | −0.27 | 0.99 | 30.90 | 2.08 |
CS/HA/DEX-TPP9 | 0.64 | 63.10 | −1.82 | 0.80 | 55.01 | −1.00 | 0.99 | 33.21 | 1.16 |
CS/HA/DEX-TPP6 | 0.72 | 55.72 | −1.36 | 0.90 | 45.14 | −0.04 | 0.99 | 29.84 | 1.87 |
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L. Dantas, M.J.; F. dos Santos, B.F.; A. Tavares, A.; Maciel, M.A.; Lucena, B.d.M.; L. Fook, M.V.; de L. Silva, S.M. The Impact of the Ionic Cross-Linking Mode on the Physical and In Vitro Dexamethasone Release Properties of Chitosan/Hydroxyapatite Beads. Molecules 2019, 24, 4510. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules24244510
L. Dantas MJ, F. dos Santos BF, A. Tavares A, Maciel MA, Lucena BdM, L. Fook MV, de L. Silva SM. The Impact of the Ionic Cross-Linking Mode on the Physical and In Vitro Dexamethasone Release Properties of Chitosan/Hydroxyapatite Beads. Molecules. 2019; 24(24):4510. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules24244510
Chicago/Turabian StyleL. Dantas, Maria Jucélia, Bárbara Fernanda F. dos Santos, Albaniza A. Tavares, Matheus A. Maciel, Breno de Medeiros Lucena, Marcus Vinícius L. Fook, and Suédina Maria de L. Silva. 2019. "The Impact of the Ionic Cross-Linking Mode on the Physical and In Vitro Dexamethasone Release Properties of Chitosan/Hydroxyapatite Beads" Molecules 24, no. 24: 4510. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules24244510