An Investigation into the Interaction between Double Hydroxide-Based Antioxidant Benzophenone Derivatives and Cyclooxygenase 2
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Biolayer Interferometry Studies
2.2. Molecular Docking Studies
2.3. Fluorescence Spectral Studies
2.3.1. Fluorescence Quenching Mechanisms
2.3.2. Binding Constants and Number of Binding Sites
2.3.3. Thermodynamic Parameters
2.3.4. Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Studies
2.3.5. Conformational Studies
2.4. Biological Activities
2.4.1. In Vitro Antioxidant Activity
2.4.2. Cytotoxocity of Compound SC2
2.4.3. Effects of Oxidative Stress-Related Factors
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Biolayer Interferometry Studies
4.2. Molecular Docking
4.3. Fluorescence Spectrum Measurement
4.4. Pharmacological/Biological Assays
4.4.1. Cell Lines and Cell Culture
4.4.2. Establishment of the Oxidative Damage Model
4.4.3. Protective Effect of Target Compounds on Oxidative Damage
4.4.4. Activity Assessment of LDH, MDA, SOD and ROS In Vitro
4.5. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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Compound | T (K) | Ksv (×104 L∙mol−1) | Kq (×1012 L∙mol−1∙S−1) | Ra | KA (L∙mol−1) | n | Rb |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DB2 | 298 | 1.43 ± 0.188 | 1.43 ± 0.188 | 0.994 | 35,432 ± 4052.5 ** | 1.10 ± 0.0208 | 0.994 |
310 | 1.14 ± 0.380 | 1.14 ± 0.380 | 0.972 | 13,677 ± 2797.7 * | 1.03 ± 0.0633 | 0.986 | |
SC2 | 298 | 2.31 ± 0.988 | 2.31 ± 0.988 | 0.991 | 23,955 ± 2224.7 ** | 1.01 ± 0.0469 | 0.996 |
310 | 2.07 ± 1.03 | 2.07 ± 1.03 | 0.978 | 21,881 ± 4951.0 ** | 1.02 ± 0.0731 | 0.987 | |
YB2 | 298 | 3.49 ± 1.69 | 3.49 ± 1.69 | 0.995 | 63,827 ± 2612.1 ** | 1.07 ± 0.0551 | 0.993 |
310 | 2.58 ± 0.562 | 2.58 ± 0.562 | 0.995 | 46,411 ± 5519.0 ** | 1.07 ± 0.0306 | 0.995 | |
Control compound | 298 | 1.71 ± 0.297 | 1.71 ± 0.297 | 0.990 | 4436.3 ± 718.24 | 0.947 ± 0.116 | 0.982 |
310 | 1.05 ± 0.157 | 1.05 ± 0.157 | 0.981 | 1417.0 ± 92.261 | 0.785 ± 0.0195 | 0.992 |
Compound | T (K) | ΔH (kJ∙mol−1) | ΔS (J∙K−1) | ΔG (kJ∙mol−1) | J (×10−13 cm3∙L∙mol−1) | r (nm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DB2 | 298 | −61.6 ± 8.20 | −120 ± 28.1 | −25.9 ± 0.280 | 1.64 | 6.42 |
310 | −24.6 ± 0.561 | |||||
SC2 | 298 | −6.74 ± 9.11 | 61.2 ± 31.3 | −25.0 ± 0.229 | 1.55 | 6.62 |
310 | −25.7 ± 0.599 | |||||
YB2 | 298 | −20.7 ± 6.48 | 22.6 ± 21.9 | −27.4 ± 0.101 | 1.72 | 6.47 |
310 | −27.7 ± 0.318 |
System | Peak | Peak Position λex/λem (nm/nm) | Relative Intensity (I) |
---|---|---|---|
COX2 | 1 | 272/338 | 874 |
2 | 230/337 | 775 | |
COX2-DB2 | 1 | 272/336.5 | 665 |
2 | 236/337 | 153 | |
COX2-SC2 | 1 | 275/332.5 | 395 |
2 | 236/333 | 82.9 | |
COX2-YB2 | 1 | 272/334.5 | 472 |
2 | 236/336 | 103 |
Compound | Protective Rate (%) a,b | EC50 (nM) a,b |
---|---|---|
DB1 | 52.70 ± 2.021 ##, * | 7080 ± 92.56 |
DB2 | 59.12 ± 5.571 ## | 1360 ± 463.4 |
DC1 | 60.30 ± 7.399 ## | 3310 ± 242.5 |
DC2 | 67.34 ±6.136 | 1550 ± 924.4 |
SB1 | 75.83 ±7.060 | 12.01 ± 4.805 |
SB2 | 76.91 ± 7.558 | 25.22 ± 12.16 |
SC1 | 80.62 ± 3.605 | 1910 ± 521.3 |
SC2 | 90.02 ± 5.410 ** | 6.254 ± 0.4153 |
YB1 | 54.73 ± 1.900 ##, * | 8510 ± 956.8 |
YB2 | 69.32 ± 6.164 | 417.5 ± 24.56 |
YC1 | 55.20 ± 3.665 ## | 1910 ± 823.4 |
YC2 | 67.01 ± 7.390 | 3850 ± 925.3 |
Fenofibrate | 78.22 ± 9.861 | 6920 ± 610.2 |
Quereetin | 69.53 ± 3.284 | 7980 ± 1230 |
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Qiao, Y.; Qin, Y.; Liu, L.; Chen, X.; Li, Y.; Li, Q. An Investigation into the Interaction between Double Hydroxide-Based Antioxidant Benzophenone Derivatives and Cyclooxygenase 2. Molecules 2021, 26, 6622. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules26216622
Qiao Y, Qin Y, Liu L, Chen X, Li Y, Li Q. An Investigation into the Interaction between Double Hydroxide-Based Antioxidant Benzophenone Derivatives and Cyclooxygenase 2. Molecules. 2021; 26(21):6622. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules26216622
Chicago/Turabian StyleQiao, Yanan, Yuxi Qin, Lihua Liu, Xi Chen, Yunlan Li, and Qingshan Li. 2021. "An Investigation into the Interaction between Double Hydroxide-Based Antioxidant Benzophenone Derivatives and Cyclooxygenase 2" Molecules 26, no. 21: 6622. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules26216622