Sport Injuries among Amateur Women and Young Intermediate Level Female Handball Players: A Preliminary Investigation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Participants
2.3. Data Collection
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Number of Players | Senior n = 34 | Juvenile n = 33 | Cadet n = 47 | Total n = 114 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 21.76 ± 2.34 | 17.23 ± 0.49 | 15.04 ± 0.48 | 18.01 ± 1.1 |
Height (cm) | 168 ± 0.04 | 167 ± 0.03 | 164 ± 0.04 | 166.33 ± 0.03 |
Weight (kg) | 66.86 ± 4.57 | 63.86 ± 5.28 | 59.5 ± 4.75 | 64.40 ± 4.86 |
Age Range | ||||
Under-18 | 12(7.02%) | |||
Under-17 | 21(18.42%) | |||
Under-16 | 22(19,30%) | |||
Under-15 | 25(21.93%) | |||
Experience years | 8.79 ± 3.55 | 7.5 ± 2.27 | 6.73 ± 1.48 | 7.67 ± 2.43 |
Player Position | ||||
Goalkeeper | 4(3.51%) | 2(1.75%) | 7(6.14%) | 13(11.40%) |
Center Back | 7(6.14%) | 5(4.39%) | 8(7.02%) | 20(17.54%) |
Left/Right Back | 8(7.02%) | 11(9.65%) | 13(11.40%) | 32(28.07%) |
Left/Right Wing | 9(7.89%) | 11(9.65%) | 10(8.77%) | 30(26.32%) |
Pivot | 6(5.26%) | 4(3,51%) | 9(7.89%) | 19(16.67%) |
Total of injuries registered | ||||
Injuries registered by category | 43(42.57%) | 32(31.68%) | 26(25.74%) | n = 101 |
Number of Players sustaining at least one injury | 31(40.25%) | 26(33.76%) | 20(25.97%) | n = 77 |
Number of players who were not injured | 3(8.11%) | 7(18.91%) | 27(72.97%) | n = 37 |
Variable | Category | Total Number of Injuries Registered n = 101 | Total Number of Injuries in Senior n = 26 | Total Number of Injuries in Juvenile n = 32 | Total Number of Injuries in Cadet n = 43 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Injury mechanism | |||||
Overuse | 32(31.68%) | 13(30.23%) | 11(34.38%) | 8(31%) | |
Traumatic | 69(68.31%) | 30(69.77%) | 21(65.63%) | 18(69%) | |
Contact/No contact | Contact | 53(52.47%) | 20(46.51%) | 18(56.25%) | 15(58%) |
No contact | 48(47.52%) | 23(53.49%) | 14(46.75%) | 11(42%) | |
Type of injury | |||||
Sprain | 31(30.69%) | 13(30.23) | 11(34.38%) | 7(26.92%) | |
Musculoskeletal | 28(27.72%) | 9(20.93%) | 10(31.25%) | 9(3.62%) | |
Tendonitis | 21(20.79%) | 7(16.28%) | 6(18.75%) | 8(30.77%) | |
Other | 21(20.79%) | 14(32.55%) | 5(15.64%) | 2(7.70%) | |
Type of Play Action | Change direction | 58(57.42%) | 23(53.49%) | 19(57.38%) | 16(61.54%) |
Jump/landing | 27(26.73%) | 13(30.23%) | 9(28.13%) | 5(19.23%) | |
Throw | 6(5.94%) | 2(4.65%) | 1(3.13%) | 3(11.54%) | |
Running | 7(6.93%) | 3(6.98%) | 3(9.38%) | 1(3.85%) | |
Stopped | 3(2.97%) | 2(4.65%) | 0(0%) | 1(3.85%) | |
Playing surface | |||||
Cement/wood | 71(70.29%) | 34(79.06) | 17(53.13%) | 20(77%) | |
Synthetic/wood | 8(7.92%) | 8(25%) | |||
Synthetic | 6(5.94%) | 6(23%) | |||
Cement/synthetic | 16(15.84%) | 9(20.93%) | 7(21.88%) | ||
Period of the season | |||||
Preseason | 35(34.65%) | 13(30.23) | 15(46.88%) | 7(26.92%) | |
Season (1st round) | 34(33.66%) | 17(39.53%) | 9(28.13%) | 8(30.77%) | |
Season (2nd round) | 32(31.68%) | 13(30.23) | 8(25%) | 11(42.31%) | |
Recurrent Injury | |||||
No | 82(81.18%) | 31(72.09%) | 30(96.88%) | 21(80.77%) | |
Yes | 19(18.81) | 12(27.91) | 2(3.22%) | 5(19.23%) | |
Severity | |||||
Minor | 2(1.98%) | 1(2.33%) | 1(3.12%) | 0(0%) | |
Moderate | 53(52.47%) | 18(41.86%) | 19(59.37%) | 16(61.54%) | |
Major | 46(45.54%) | 24(55.81%) | 12(3.50%) | 10(38.46%) | |
Absent time | |||||
Weeks | 3.52 ± 1.12 | 3.67 ± 1.30 | 3.66 ± 0.99 | 3.24 ± 1.09 | |
Training sessions | 11.03 ± 4.16 | 12.81 ± 4.67 | 10.60 ± 3.42 | 9.68 ± 4.39 | |
Competitions | 2.67 ± 0.87 | 2.93 ± 1.07 | 2.46 ± 0.73 | 2.64 ± 0.81 | |
Physical education sessions | 3.93 ± 1.24 | 5.83 ± 1.86 | 5.96 ± 1.88 |
Location | Body Region | Total Injuries Registered = 101 | % of the Total Injuries Registered | Total Injuries Registered in Senior n = 26 | Total Injuries Registered in Juvenile n = 32 | Total Injuries Registered in Cadet n = 43 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower limb | 51 | 50.50% | 17(39.53%) | 16(50%) | 18(69.23%) | |
Hip/pelvis | 2 | 1.98% | 1(2.33%) | 1(3.13%) | 0(0%) | |
Knee | 14 | 13.86% | 5(11.63%) | 4(12.50%) | 5(19.23%) | |
Ankle | 19 | 18.81% | 7(16.28%) | 5(15.63%) | 7(26.92%) | |
Thigh | 6 | 5.94% | 1(2.33%) | 1(3.13%) | 4(15.38%) | |
Leg | 11 | 10.89% | 3(6.98%) | 5(15.63%) | 2(8.33%) | |
Feet/toes | 0 | 0.00% | 0(0%) | 0(0%) | 0(0%) | |
Upper limb | 48 | 47.52% | 26(60.47%) | 15(46.88%) | 7(26.92%) | |
Shoulder | 9 | 8.91% | 8(18.60%) | 0(0%) | 1(3.85%) | |
Elbow | 7 | 6.93% | 2(4.65%) | 5(15.63%) | 0(0%) | |
Wrist | 10 | 9.90% | 4(9.30%) | 4(12.50%) | 2(7.69%) | |
Arm | 3 | 2.97% | 2(4.65%) | 0(0%) | 1(3.85%) | |
Forearm | 4 | 3.96% | 2(4.65%) | 1(3.13%) | 1(3.85%) | |
Hand/finger | 15 | 14.85% | 8(18.60%) | 5(15.63%) | 2(7.69%) | |
Trunk | 2 | 1.98% | 0(0%) | 1(3.13%) | 1(3.85%) | |
Breastbone/ribs | 2 | 1.98% | 0(0%) | 1(3.13%) | 1(3.85%) |
Senior n = 34 | Juvenile n = 33 | Cadet n = 43 | |
---|---|---|---|
Average training length (minutes) | 109.88 ± 7.02 | 117 ± 6 | 90 |
Training exposure (h) | 5152 | 5110 | 5712 |
Number of Matches | 38 | 40 | 76 |
Total Exposure (h) | 5418 | 5390 | 6244 |
Value | 95% Confidence Interval | ||
---|---|---|---|
Lower | Upper | ||
Odds Ratio for category (senior/cadet) | 13.950 | 3.732 | 52.149 |
For cohort Injury | 2.143 | 1.513 | 3.035 |
For cohort no injury | 0.154 | 0.51 | 0.465 |
N of valid cases | 81 | ||
Lower | Upper | ||
Odds Ratio for category (juvenile/cadet) | 6.075 | 2.111 | 17.749 |
For cohort Injury | 1.923 | 1.329 | 2.781 |
For cohort no injury | 0.316 | 0.147 | 0.680 |
N of valid cases | 80 |
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Sanchez-Lastra, M.A.; Vila, P.V.; Ledo, A.D.; Ayán, C. Sport Injuries among Amateur Women and Young Intermediate Level Female Handball Players: A Preliminary Investigation. Medicina 2021, 57, 565. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/medicina57060565
Sanchez-Lastra MA, Vila PV, Ledo AD, Ayán C. Sport Injuries among Amateur Women and Young Intermediate Level Female Handball Players: A Preliminary Investigation. Medicina. 2021; 57(6):565. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/medicina57060565
Chicago/Turabian StyleSanchez-Lastra, Miguel A., Pedro Vicente Vila, Arón Díaz Ledo, and Carlos Ayán. 2021. "Sport Injuries among Amateur Women and Young Intermediate Level Female Handball Players: A Preliminary Investigation" Medicina 57, no. 6: 565. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/medicina57060565