Performance of an On-Site Wastewater Treatment System Using Reactive Filter Media and a Sequencing Batch Constructed Wetland
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Site and Description of Wastewater Treatment System
2.2. Sampling and Water Quality Analyses
2.3. Analysis of P and N Removal Efficiency
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Overall P, N, BOD, and Bacteria Removal Capacity of the On-site System
3.1.1. Phosphorus Removal
3.1.2. Nitrogen Removal
3.1.3. BOD and Bacteria Removal
3.2. Retained P in the On-Site System
3.3. Influence of Physical-Chemical Conditions
3.3.1. Water Temperature
3.3.2. Electrical Conductivity
3.3.3. pH
3.3.4. Dissolved Oxygen
4. Discussion
4.1. Nitrogen and Phosphorus—Transformation, Removal, Retention
4.2. Influence of Physical-Chemical Parameters on Nutrient Removal
4.3. The SBCW as a pH Reducer for the Alkaline Effluent and a P Post-Precipitation Step
4.4. Operation and Design Considerations of the SBCW
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Septic Tank | P-filter | SBCW | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
July | Sept. | Dec. | July | Sept. | Dec. | July | Sept. | Dec. | |
BOD7 (mg L−1) | 91.2 | 95.1 | 101.5 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.9 | <1.0 | <1.0 | 2.4 |
E. coli (cfu/100 mL) | 79000 | 82000 | 96000 | 91 | 113 | 500 | 2 | 2 | 73 |
Intestinal enterococci (cfu/100 mL) | 39000 | 36000 | 37000 | 210 | 241 | 2050 | 5 | 5 | 135 |
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Hamisi, R.; Renman, A.; Renman, G. Performance of an On-Site Wastewater Treatment System Using Reactive Filter Media and a Sequencing Batch Constructed Wetland. Sustainability 2019, 11, 3172. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su11113172
Hamisi R, Renman A, Renman G. Performance of an On-Site Wastewater Treatment System Using Reactive Filter Media and a Sequencing Batch Constructed Wetland. Sustainability. 2019; 11(11):3172. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su11113172
Chicago/Turabian StyleHamisi, Rajabu, Agnieszka Renman, and Gunno Renman. 2019. "Performance of an On-Site Wastewater Treatment System Using Reactive Filter Media and a Sequencing Batch Constructed Wetland" Sustainability 11, no. 11: 3172. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su11113172