Construction and Demolition Waste in Romania: The Route from Illegal Dumping to Building Materials
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Construction and Demolition Waste Management Activities in Romania
3.1. Illegal Dumping of C&DW (Stage I)
3.2. C&DW Collection and Disposal in Urban Landfills (Stage II)
3.3. C&DW Treatment and Reuse in Civil Construction (Stage III)
3.4. C&DW Management Activities in Neamt County—A Regional Case Study
3.4.1. Urban Areas
3.4.2. Rural Areas
4. Pathways for Sustainability in C&D Waste Management in Romania
4.1. Development of Recycling and Recovery Centers in Urban Areas (Stage IV)
- The C&DW are screened at the weighing system in order to record the waste fractions, which are accepted for crushing plant.
- The wastes are disposed into a temporary storage area;
- The recyclables are sorted (wood, paper, and cardboard, metals, glass, plastics, tiles, etc.);
- Cutting beams and other large reinforced concrete elements;
- Primary crushing with the jaw crusher;
- Magnetic separation of metals;
- The pick secondary crushing;
- Manual selection of wood, plastic, paper, and cables;
- Sieving by particle size fractions;
- Granulometric classification (0/10 mm, 10/30 mm, >30 mm);
- Removal of the tiny particles by filtration, washing;
4.2. Extension of Waste Co-Processing Activities in Cement Industry (Stage V)
4.3. Development of Recycled Aggregates Sector (Stage V)
4.4. Regional Approach of Sustainable C&D Waste Management System (Stage III–V)
- Nine special storage areas for C&DW located in urban areas (Brad, Petrosani, Calan, Orastie, Petrila, Lupeni, Uricani, Aninoasa)
- central storage near the municipal integrated waste management system located in Bircea Mare where a mobile crushing facility (20 t/h) is operational with the mention that this facility could be transported to above urban storage areas if requested
- Special storage sites for rural localities with recommended areas about 20 m × 20 m, which must be enclosed
- Several special containers (capacity-7 m3) in urban areas and one in each commune
- One container (1.1 mc) located in each village beside municipal waste bins
5. Conclusions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Urban Areas | Pop. 2011 (Census) | Private Buildings 2012 (Nr) | New Buildings (2004–2012) | Usable Floor Areas (sq.m) | CW Generated (t) | C&DW Collected (t) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Piatra-Neamt | 85,055 | 42,919 | 858 | 159,660 | 3413.53 | 78,614.6 |
Roman | 50,713 | 25,774 | 576 | 87,569 | 1872.23 | 6486.06 |
Bicaz | 6543 | 3417 | 279 | 31,349 | 670.24 | 100 |
Roznov | 8593 | 3546 | 401 | 51,763 | 1106.69 | 0 |
Targu Neamt | 18,695 | 7732 | 496 | 85,156 | 1820.64 | 117 |
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Mihai, F.-C. Construction and Demolition Waste in Romania: The Route from Illegal Dumping to Building Materials. Sustainability 2019, 11, 3179. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su11113179
Mihai F-C. Construction and Demolition Waste in Romania: The Route from Illegal Dumping to Building Materials. Sustainability. 2019; 11(11):3179. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su11113179
Chicago/Turabian StyleMihai, Florin-Constantin. 2019. "Construction and Demolition Waste in Romania: The Route from Illegal Dumping to Building Materials" Sustainability 11, no. 11: 3179. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su11113179