Agricultural Practices Modulate the Beneficial Activity of Bacterial-Feeding Nematodes for Plant Growth and Nutrition: Evidence from an Original Intact Soil Core Technique
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Selection of Upland Rice Fields
2.2. Soil Sampling
2.3. Soil Analyses
2.4. Biological Materials
2.5. Soil Core Preparation for the Assay
2.6. Experimental Design and Setup
2.7. Soil and Plant Analyses at the End of the Assay
2.8. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Soil Properties of the Selected Fields
3.2. Final Soil Nematode Abundance
3.3. Effects of Bacterial-Feeding Nematodes on Plant Growth
3.4. Effects of Bacterial-Feeding Nematodes on Plant Nutrition
3.5. Agronomic and Soil Drivers of the Beneficial Activity of Bacterial-Feeding Nematodes for Plant Growth and Nutrition
4. Discussion
4.1. Diversity of Practices in Upland Rainfed Rice Systems
4.2. Variable Effects of Bacterial-Feeding Nematodes on Plant Growth and Nutrition
4.3. Soil Drivers of the Beneficial Activity of Bacterial-Feeding Nematodes for Plant Growth and Nutrition
4.4. Agronomic Drivers of the Beneficial Activity of Bacterial-Feeding Nematodes for Plant Growth and Nutrition
5. Conclusions: Limits and Perspectives
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Practices | Fields | Crops | Fertilization | Tillage | SY | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sampling Year (SY) | Previous Year (PY) | SY | SY | |||
Grassland | F17 | Grassland | Grassland | No | No | 2016 |
Fallow | F9 | Fallow with eucalypt | Rice with eucalypt | No | No | 2016 |
Monoculture | F16 | Rice | Grassland | Manure with ashes and rice chaff | Yes | 2016 |
F15 | Rice | Grassland | Compost | Yes | 2016 | |
F14 | Rice | Grassland | Manure | Yes | 2016 | |
F11 | Rice | Rice | Compost with ashes | Yes | 2017 | |
Rotation | F13 | Rice | Sweet potato | Ashes with crop residues | Yes | 2017 |
F12 | Rice | Jugo bean | Compost with ashes | Yes | 2017 | |
F10 | Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) | French beans | Rice straw | Yes | 2016 | |
F8 | Maise with Jugo bean (Vigna subterranea) | Rice | Compost | Yes | 2016 | |
F3 | Rice with groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) | Soybean (Glycine max) | Compost with manure and crop residues | Yes | 2017 | |
Agroforestry | F7 | Rice with eucalypt | Eucalypt | Compost with manure | Yes | 2017 |
F6 | Rice with banana (Musa sp.) | Banana with Taro | Compost | Yes | 2017 | |
F5 | Rice with groundnut and coffee trees | Coffee tree with Taro (Colocasia esculenta) | Compost | Yes | 2017 | |
F4 | Rice with coffee (C. arabica) trees | French beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) with coffee tree | Crop residues | Yes | 2017 | |
F2 | Rice with Stylosanthes guianensis and Tephrosia vogelii | Stylosanthes with Tephrosia | No | No | 2016 | |
F1 | Rice$ with Eucalyptus robusta and maize (Zea mays) | Grassland with eucalypt | Compost with green manure | No | 2016 |
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Trap, J.; Ranoarisoa, M.P.; Raharijaona, S.; Rabeharisoa, L.; Plassard, C.; Mayad, E.H.; Bernard, L.; Becquer, T.; Blanchart, E. Agricultural Practices Modulate the Beneficial Activity of Bacterial-Feeding Nematodes for Plant Growth and Nutrition: Evidence from an Original Intact Soil Core Technique. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7181. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su13137181
Trap J, Ranoarisoa MP, Raharijaona S, Rabeharisoa L, Plassard C, Mayad EH, Bernard L, Becquer T, Blanchart E. Agricultural Practices Modulate the Beneficial Activity of Bacterial-Feeding Nematodes for Plant Growth and Nutrition: Evidence from an Original Intact Soil Core Technique. Sustainability. 2021; 13(13):7181. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su13137181
Chicago/Turabian StyleTrap, Jean, Mahafaka Patricia Ranoarisoa, Sariaka Raharijaona, Lilia Rabeharisoa, Claude Plassard, El Hassan Mayad, Laetitia Bernard, Thierry Becquer, and Eric Blanchart. 2021. "Agricultural Practices Modulate the Beneficial Activity of Bacterial-Feeding Nematodes for Plant Growth and Nutrition: Evidence from an Original Intact Soil Core Technique" Sustainability 13, no. 13: 7181. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su13137181