Estimating Carbon Budget from Growth and Management of Urban Street Trees in South Korea
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Framework
2.2. Selection of Study Cities and Management Practice
2.2.1. Pruning
2.2.2. Irrigation
2.2.3. Pesticide and Fungicide Application
2.2.4. Fertilization
2.3. Estimation of Carbon Emissions
2.4. Estimation of Carbon Budget
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Street Trees in Study Cities
3.2. Management Practice and Energy Consumption
3.2.1. Pruning
3.2.2. Irrigation
3.2.3. Pesticide and Fungicide Application
3.2.4. Fertilization
3.3. Carbon Emissions
3.4. Carbon Budget
3.5. Management Strategies
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Section | Frequency (Times/Year) | Amount (Tree/Time) | Energy Consumption (Tree/Time) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gasoline | Diesel | |||
Pruning | 1.9 ± 0.2 | 2.5–23.8 kg 1 11.5–52.1 kg 2 0.4–8.7 kg 3 | 0.12 ± 0.03 L | 1.02–3.82 L |
Irrigation | 2.8 ± 0.6 | 3.8 ± 0.6 L | - | 45.3 ± 7.8 mL |
Pesticide/Fungicide application | 2.4 ± 0.4 | 8.6 ± 1.7 g 9.1 ± 2.2 g | 12.8 ± 0.3 mL | 11.4 ± 3.6 mL |
Fertilization | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 384.0–960.0 g 4 | - | - |
City | Mean DBH (cm) 1 | Carbon (kg/Tree/Year) | Net Carbon Uptake (kg/Tree/Year) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Uptake 1 | Emission | |||
Seoul | 21.7 | 10.74 | 2.85 ± 0.45 | 7.89 |
Daejeon | 20.1 | 7.26 | 2.88 ± 0.28 | 4.38 |
Daegu | 21.5 | 8.23 | 3.83 ± 0.39 | 4.40 |
Sejong | 10.6 | 3.23 | 0.74 ± 0.02 | 2.49 |
Chuncheon | 20.7 | 5.24 | 1.88 ± 0.40 | 3.36 |
Chungju | 18.4 | 5.41 | 2.88 ± 0.40 | 2.53 |
Jeonju | 23.9 | 12.77 | 1.98 ± 0.21 | 10.79 |
Suncheon | 21.1 | 9.58 | 1.85 ± 0.15 | 7.73 |
Mean | 19.6 | 7.89 | 2.38 ± 0.12 | 5.51 |
City | Carbon (t/Tree/Year) | Net Carbon Uptake (C = A − B, t/Tree/Year) | Reduction Effect (C/B %) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Uptake (A) | Emission (B) | |||
Seoul | 3300.9 | 875.9 | 2425.0 | 280 |
Daejeon | 1022.2 | 405.5 | 616.7 | 150 |
Daegu | 1859.8 | 865.5 | 994.3 | 120 |
Sejong | 49.8 | 11.4 | 38.4 | 340 |
Chuncheon | 135.9 | 48.8 | 87.1 | 180 |
Chungju | 268.3 | 142.8 | 125.5 | 90 |
Jeonju | 817.7 | 126.8 | 690.9 | 550 |
Suncheon | 607.9 | 117.4 | 490.5 | 420 |
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Kim, J.-Y.; Jo, H.-K. Estimating Carbon Budget from Growth and Management of Urban Street Trees in South Korea. Sustainability 2022, 14, 4439. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su14084439
Kim J-Y, Jo H-K. Estimating Carbon Budget from Growth and Management of Urban Street Trees in South Korea. Sustainability. 2022; 14(8):4439. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su14084439
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Jin-Young, and Hyun-Kil Jo. 2022. "Estimating Carbon Budget from Growth and Management of Urban Street Trees in South Korea" Sustainability 14, no. 8: 4439. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su14084439