Identifying the Role of Biostimulants in Turnip (Brassica rapa L.) Production Compared with Chemical Fertilization
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Details
2.1.1. Experiment 1
- Chemical fertilizer (CF; N 62 kg ha−1, P 49 kg ha−1, K 62 kg ha−1);
- Glycine (GL; 2.47 g pot−1);
- Lysine (LY; 4.79 g pot−1);
- Aspartic Acid (AA; 4.37 g pot−1);
- Vitamin B complex (VB; 0.46 g pot−1).
2.1.2. Experiment 2
- Recommended chemical fertilizer (62 kg ha−1 N, 49 kg ha−1 P, K 62 kg ha−1 K) (CF);
- Isabion® (contains 100 g L−1 amino acids; 1 L ha−1) (I);
- Treatment with 25% CF + Glycine (5 g L−1) + Lysine (1 g L−1) (B1);
- Treatment with 25% CF + Glycine (5 g L−1) + Aspartic acid (2 g L−1) (B2);
- Treatment with 25% CF + Lysine (1 g L−1) + Aspartic acid (2 g L−1) (B3).
2.2. Laboratory Analysis
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Experiment 1
3.2. Experiment 2
3.3. Pearson Correlation
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Soil Properties | Experiment 1 | Experiment 2 |
---|---|---|
Soil pH | 7.7 | 7.8 |
Electrical conductivity (dS·m−1) | 0.5 | 0.1 |
Organic matter (%) | 0.4 | 0.7 |
Saturation (%) | 34 | 28 |
Texture (USDA System) | Loam | Sandy Loam |
Soil total N (mg kg−1) | 221 | 450 |
Soil extractable P (mg kg−1) | 8.2 | 7.1 |
Soil extractable K (mg kg−1) | 30.1 | 62.34 |
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Raza, Q.-U.-A.; Bashir, M.A.; Rehim, A.; Geng, Y.; Raza, H.M.A.; Hussain, S.; Ahmad, I.; Wasif, M. Identifying the Role of Biostimulants in Turnip (Brassica rapa L.) Production Compared with Chemical Fertilization. Sustainability 2023, 15, 11851. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su151511851
Raza Q-U-A, Bashir MA, Rehim A, Geng Y, Raza HMA, Hussain S, Ahmad I, Wasif M. Identifying the Role of Biostimulants in Turnip (Brassica rapa L.) Production Compared with Chemical Fertilization. Sustainability. 2023; 15(15):11851. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su151511851
Chicago/Turabian StyleRaza, Qurat-Ul-Ain, Muhammad Amjad Bashir, Abdur Rehim, Yucong Geng, Hafiz Muhammad Ali Raza, Sajjad Hussain, Ijaz Ahmad, and Muhammad Wasif. 2023. "Identifying the Role of Biostimulants in Turnip (Brassica rapa L.) Production Compared with Chemical Fertilization" Sustainability 15, no. 15: 11851. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su151511851