New Paradigms for Cytoreductive Nephrectomy
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. The Cytokine Period
3.2. Targeted Therapies
3.3. Optimizing Patient Selection
3.4. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors—What We Know
3.5. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors—Ongoing Trials
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Study Name | Trial Number | Status | Primary Endpoint | Intervention |
---|---|---|---|---|
Deferred Cytoreductive Nephrectomy in Synchronous Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: The NORDIC-SUN- Trial | NCT03977571 | Recruiting | Overall survival | Nivolumab, ipilimumab, cytoreductive nephrectomy |
Comparing the Outcome of Immunotherapy-Based Drug Combination Therapy with or Without Surgery to Remove the Kidney in Metastatic Kidney Cancer, the PROBE trial | NCT04510597 | Recruiting | Overall survival | Cytoreductive nephrectomy, active comparator |
CYTO-reductive Surgery in Kidney Cancer Plus Immunotherapy and Targeted Kinase Inhibition (CYTO-KIK) | NCT04322955 | Recruiting | Complete response rate | Cabozantinib, nivolumab, cytoreductive nephrectomy |
Nivolumab With or Without Bevacizumab or Ipilimumab Before Surgery in Treating Patients with Metastatic Kidney Cancer That Can Be Removed by Surgery | NCT02210117 | Active, not recruiting | Adverse events | Bevacizumab, ipilimumab, nivolumab, metastasectomy, therapeutic conventional surgery, laboratory biomarker analysis, biopsy |
Pembrolizumab With or Without Axitinib for Treatment of Locally Advanced or Metastatic Clear Cell Kidney Cancer in Patients Undergoing Surgery | NCT04370509 | Recruiting | Proportion of participants with >2-fold increase in tumor-infiltrating immune cells | Axitinib, pembrolizumab, metastatectomy, cytoreductive nephrectomy |
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Lichtbroun, B.J.; Srivastava, A.; Doppalapudi, S.K.; Chua, K.; Singer, E.A. New Paradigms for Cytoreductive Nephrectomy. Cancers 2022, 14, 2660. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cancers14112660
Lichtbroun BJ, Srivastava A, Doppalapudi SK, Chua K, Singer EA. New Paradigms for Cytoreductive Nephrectomy. Cancers. 2022; 14(11):2660. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cancers14112660
Chicago/Turabian StyleLichtbroun, Benjamin J., Arnav Srivastava, Sai Krishnaraya Doppalapudi, Kevin Chua, and Eric A. Singer. 2022. "New Paradigms for Cytoreductive Nephrectomy" Cancers 14, no. 11: 2660. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cancers14112660