Cancer Bioenergetics and Tumor Microenvironments—Enhancing Chemotherapeutics and Targeting Resistant Niches through Nanosystems
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Tumor Microenvironment-Insights and Targetable Niches
2.1. Tumor Microenvironment
2.1.1. Immune Component—Response and Dynamics
2.1.2. Stromal Cells and ECM Component
2.1.3. TME Associated Resistant Niches
2.2. Bioenergetics of TME and Tumor Logistics
2.2.1. Mitochondrial Mechanics in Tumor Development and Proliferation
2.2.2. Mitochondria Regulation of Redox Balance
2.2.3. Mitochondria Mediates Integration of Environmental Cues into Cellular Bioenergetics
2.3. Crosstalk between Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and TME-Driving Tumor Progression
2.3.1. Altered Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism in Cancer
2.3.2. Mitochondrial Redox-Bioenergetics Liaison
2.3.3. Mitochondrial Bioenergetics Directs the Modulation of Immune Mechanisms
2.4. Theranostic Insights in Tumor-TME-Bioenergtics Interface
2.5. Metabolic Reverse Programming as a Therapeutic Stronghold
2.6. Nanosystem Based Theranostics-Targeting TME and Bioenergetics to Encounter Resitant Niches
Targeting Tumor Bioenergetics and Resistant Niches through Nanosystems
2.7. Conclusions and Insights
2.8. Challenges and Future Prospects
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Farhana, A.; Alsrhani, A.; Khan, Y.S.; Rasheed, Z. Cancer Bioenergetics and Tumor Microenvironments—Enhancing Chemotherapeutics and Targeting Resistant Niches through Nanosystems. Cancers 2023, 15, 3836. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cancers15153836
Farhana A, Alsrhani A, Khan YS, Rasheed Z. Cancer Bioenergetics and Tumor Microenvironments—Enhancing Chemotherapeutics and Targeting Resistant Niches through Nanosystems. Cancers. 2023; 15(15):3836. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cancers15153836
Chicago/Turabian StyleFarhana, Aisha, Abdullah Alsrhani, Yusuf Saleem Khan, and Zafar Rasheed. 2023. "Cancer Bioenergetics and Tumor Microenvironments—Enhancing Chemotherapeutics and Targeting Resistant Niches through Nanosystems" Cancers 15, no. 15: 3836. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cancers15153836