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Article

Effect of Rotational Shear and Heat Input on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Large-Diameter 6061 Aluminium Alloy Additive Friction Stir Deposition

School of Ocean Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 2 Wenhuaxi Road, Weihai 264200, China
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Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Submission received: 29 May 2024 / Revised: 11 June 2024 / Accepted: 17 June 2024 / Published: 25 June 2024

Abstract

Additive friction stir deposition (AFSD), in which molten metal materials are formed into free-form stacked structural parts according to the path design, may have a wide range of applications in high-efficiency mass production. In this study, experiments were conducted for the rotational speed in the AFSD parameters of 6061 aluminium alloy bars to investigate the effects of different rotational shear conditions and heat inputs on the properties of the deposited layer for diameter bars based on the analysis of the micro-morphology, micro-tissue composition, and mechanical properties. The width and thickness of each layer were constant, approximately 40 mm wide and 2.5 mm thick. The particle undulations on the surface of the deposited layer were positively correlated with the AFSD rotational speed. Continuous dynamic recrystallisation in the AFSD process can achieve more than 90% grain refinement. When the rotational speed increases, it causes localised significant orientation and secondary deformation within the recrystallised grains. The ultimate tensile strength of the deposited layer was positively correlated with the rotational speed, reaching a maximum of 211 MPa, and the elongation was negatively correlated with the rotational speed, with a maximum material elongation of 37%. The cross-section hardness of the deposited layer was negatively correlated with the number of thermal cycles, with the lowest hardness being about 45% of the base material and the highest hardness being about 80% of the base material.
Keywords: additive friction stir deposition; 6061 aluminium alloy; continuous dynamic recrystallisation; microstructure; mechanical properties additive friction stir deposition; 6061 aluminium alloy; continuous dynamic recrystallisation; microstructure; mechanical properties

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zhu, X.; Wang, R.; Wang, L.; Liu, M.; Li, S. Effect of Rotational Shear and Heat Input on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Large-Diameter 6061 Aluminium Alloy Additive Friction Stir Deposition. Crystals 2024, 14, 581. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cryst14070581

AMA Style

Zhu X, Wang R, Wang L, Liu M, Li S. Effect of Rotational Shear and Heat Input on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Large-Diameter 6061 Aluminium Alloy Additive Friction Stir Deposition. Crystals. 2024; 14(7):581. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cryst14070581

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhu, Xiaohu, Rui Wang, Lin Wang, Mengmeng Liu, and Songmo Li. 2024. "Effect of Rotational Shear and Heat Input on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Large-Diameter 6061 Aluminium Alloy Additive Friction Stir Deposition" Crystals 14, no. 7: 581. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cryst14070581

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