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Article

Preparation of Humic Acid from Weathered Coal by Mechanical Energy Activation and Its Properties

1
School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
2
Industrial Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Restoration of Industrial and Mining Sites in the Petroleum and Chemical Industry, Xuzhou 221116, China
3
Mechano Chemistry Research Institute, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
4
Inner Mongolia Environmental Governance Engineering Co., No. 7-1, Hailaer East Street, Xincheng District, Hohhot 010000, China
5
Xinjiang Jiangna Mining Industry Co., No. 1-105, Xingsheng Open Pit Coal Mine Office Building, Numaohu Mining District, Yiyu County, Hami 839304, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Submission received: 26 February 2024 / Revised: 22 May 2024 / Accepted: 4 June 2024 / Published: 25 June 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Waste Minerals, Sediments and Their Environmental Mineralogy)

Abstract

Humic acid (HA) is rich in functional groups with high activity, which can effectively improve the soil environment. The large reserves of weathered coal in China provide sufficient raw material guarantee for HA extraction and utilization. At present, the activation side of weathered coal is still the main technical difficulty that restricts HA extraction. In this study, the weathered coal from Inner Mongolia was used as the raw material, and the mechanical energy was used to activate the weathered coal through a planetary ball mill, which improved the extraction rate of HA and optimized the molecular structure and composition of HA. The effects of four parameters, namely, ball material ratio, ball milling time, ball milling speed, and ball size, on the free HA content of weathered coal were investigated, the HA was extracted by alkaline extraction method, and the activated weathered coal and the extracted HA were characterized. The results showed that a ball material ratio of 9:1, a ball milling speed of 200 r/min, a ball milling time of 200 min, a milling ball size of Ф5:Ф10:Ф15 = 48:42:45 and 56:42:37 are the optimal parameters for the mechanical energy activation, and the HA extraction rate of activated weathered coal under these conditions reached 82.3%, which was 15% higher than that of the unactivated one. Moreover, the aroma of the ball-milled weathered coal increased, the content of oxygenated functional groups increased, and the molecular weight and aroma of HA increased. This provides scientific theoretical guidance for the preparation of HA with high aromaticity and large molecular weight from weathered coal.
Keywords: high-energy ball milling; mechanical energy; weathered coal; activation; alkali dissolution; acid precipitation method; humic acid high-energy ball milling; mechanical energy; weathered coal; activation; alkali dissolution; acid precipitation method; humic acid

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MDPI and ACS Style

Feng, X.; Xiao, R.; Condé, S.M.; Dong, C.; Xun, Y.; Guo, D.; Liu, H.; Liu, K.; Liang, M. Preparation of Humic Acid from Weathered Coal by Mechanical Energy Activation and Its Properties. Minerals 2024, 14, 648. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/min14070648

AMA Style

Feng X, Xiao R, Condé SM, Dong C, Xun Y, Guo D, Liu H, Liu K, Liang M. Preparation of Humic Acid from Weathered Coal by Mechanical Energy Activation and Its Properties. Minerals. 2024; 14(7):648. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/min14070648

Chicago/Turabian Style

Feng, Xiujuan, Rilong Xiao, Sékou Mohamed Condé, Chengliang Dong, Yanping Xun, Dalong Guo, Hui Liu, Kunpeng Liu, and Mingzhi Liang. 2024. "Preparation of Humic Acid from Weathered Coal by Mechanical Energy Activation and Its Properties" Minerals 14, no. 7: 648. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/min14070648

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