Mediterranean Fruit Fly Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) Eggs and Larvae Responses to a Low-Oxygen/High-Nitrogen Atmosphere
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Insect Culture
2.2. Low-Oxygen Treatment Facility
2.3. Low-Oxygen Treatment
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
Sex Ratios
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatment | Stage | Mortality Based on Pupariation | Mortality Based on Emerged Adults | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LT 50 | LT 90 | LT 99 | LT 50 | LT 90 | LT 99 | ||
(95% *CL) | (95% CL) | (95% CL) | (95% CL) | (95% CL) | (95% CL) | ||
0.5% O2 | Egg | 2.8 (2.6–3.1) | 6.0 (5.6–6.4) | 8.6 (8.0–9.3) | 2.1 (1.3–2.8) | 5.2 (4.3–6.6) | 8.5 (6.9–11.5) |
1st | 2.8 (2.3–3.3) | 6.5 (5.9–7.4) | 9.5 (8.5–11.1) | 2.6 (2.1–3.0) | 6.0 (5.4–6.8) | 8.8 (7.8–10.2) | |
2nd | 3.2 (2.9–3.4) | 6.7 (6.3–7.1) | 9.5 (8.9–10.3) | 3.3 (3.0–3.5) | 6.7 (6.3–7.1) | 9.5 (8.9–10.2) | |
3rd | 3.8 (3.5–4.0) | 7.0 (6.6–7.4) | 10.4 (9.7–11.3) | 3.7 (3.5–4.0) | 6.9 (6.6–7.4) | 9.6 (9.0–10.2) | |
5.0% O2 | Egg | 5.2 (4.6–5.7) | 9.5 (8.5–10.9) | 14.1 (12.4–16.8) | 4.9 (4.5–5.2) | 9.4 (8.8–10.1) | 14.3 (13.2–15.7) |
1st | 5.6 (5.3–6.0) | 10.4 (9.7–11.3) | 15.6 (14.4–17.3) | 5.3 (5.0–5.6) | 10.2 (9.5–11.0) | 15.2 (14.2–17.1) | |
2nd | 6.8 (6.3–7.4) | 13.1 (11.9–14.7) | 18.2 (16.4–20.7) | 6.0 (5.3–6.9) | 11.8 (10.3–14.3) | 16.6 (14.1–20.6) | |
3rd | 9.5 (8.6–10.7) | 16.8 (14.8–19.7) | 22.8 (19.8–27.1) | 7.7 (7.2–8.4) | 13.9 (12.6–15.7) | 19.0 (17.0–21.7) |
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Al-Behadili, F.J.M.; Agarwal, M.; Xu, W.; Ren, Y. Mediterranean Fruit Fly Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) Eggs and Larvae Responses to a Low-Oxygen/High-Nitrogen Atmosphere. Insects 2020, 11, 802. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/insects11110802
Al-Behadili FJM, Agarwal M, Xu W, Ren Y. Mediterranean Fruit Fly Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) Eggs and Larvae Responses to a Low-Oxygen/High-Nitrogen Atmosphere. Insects. 2020; 11(11):802. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/insects11110802
Chicago/Turabian StyleAl-Behadili, Farhan J.M., Manjree Agarwal, Wei Xu, and Yonglin Ren. 2020. "Mediterranean Fruit Fly Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) Eggs and Larvae Responses to a Low-Oxygen/High-Nitrogen Atmosphere" Insects 11, no. 11: 802. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/insects11110802