Fabrication and Characterization of In Situ Ti-6Al-4V/TiB Composites by the Hot-Pressing Method using Recycled Metal Chips
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Process
3. Result and Discussion
3.1. Microstructural Analysis
3.2. Tensile Properties and Fracture Analysis
3.3. Microstructural Evolution and Strengthening Mechanisms
4. Conclusions
- The microstructural feature of the TiB structure experiences the variation of discontinuous TiB reinforcement layers (Chips-Ti64-1TiB) → quasi-continuous TiB reinforcement layers (Chips-Ti64-3TiB) → continuous TiB reinforcement layers (Chips-Ti64-5TiB and Chips-Ti64-7TiB) with the increased boron addition;
- With the increase of the amount of boron addition (1 vol.%, 3 vol.%, 5 vol.%, and 7 vol.%), both UTS and YS of the fabricated composites hot-pressed at 1250°C were first increased and then decreased; the composites with 1 vol.% and 3 vol.% boron addition show optimized mechanical properties, having a UTS of 1085 MPa and 1127 MPa, respectively, and a strain of failure of 5.83% and 3.98%, respectively;
- After heat treatments STA-855 and STA-955, the strength of the Chips-Ti64-3TiB increases to UTS of 1184 MPa, YS of 1083 MPa, and UTS of 1231 MPa, YS of 1139 MPa, respectively, but the ductility decreases sharply due to the coarsening of TiB whiskers.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Label | Starting Materials | Density (g/cm3) |
---|---|---|
Chips-Ti64-1TiB | chips Ti-6Al-4V + 1 vol.% boron | 4.423 |
Chips-Ti64-3TiB | chips Ti-6Al-4V + 3 vol.% boron | 4.395 |
Chips-Ti64-5TiB | chips Ti-6Al-4V + 5 vol.% boron | 4.390 |
Chips-Ti64-7TiB | chips Ti-6Al-4V + 7 vol.% boron | 4.351 |
Heat Treatment Type | Solution Treatment and Aging |
---|---|
STA-855 | 855 ℃ for 1 h water quenching + 550 ℃ 6 h air cooling |
STA-955 | 955 ℃ for 1 h water quenching + 550 ℃ 6 h air cooling |
Composites | Aspect Ratio | TiB Proportion (%) |
---|---|---|
Chips-Ti64-1TiB | 2–6 | 1.18 ± 0.04 |
Chips-Ti64-3TiB | 2–3 | 3.21 ± 0.06 |
Chips-Ti64-5TiB | 1–3 | 4.78 ± 0.07 |
Chips-Ti64-7TiB | 1–3 | 6.65 ± 0.15 |
Composites | Phase Proportion (%) | |
---|---|---|
Primary α Phase | Transformed β Phase | |
Chips-STA-855 | 76 ± 1.33 | 24 ± 0.67 |
Chips-STA-955 | 28 ± 1.33 | 72 ± 1.66 |
Composites | Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS)/MPa | Yield Strength (YS)/MPa | Strain to Fracture % | Hardness (HV) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Chips-Ti64-1TiB | 1085 ± 16 | 980 ± 8 | 5.83 ± 0.8 | 334.43 ± 5 |
Chips-Ti64-3TiB | 1127 ± 13 | 1034 ± 12 | 3.98 ± 0.6 | 389.05 ± 10 |
Chips-Ti64-5TiB | 1048 ± 18 | - | 0.92 ± 0.08 | 431.70 ± 17 |
Chips-Ti64-7TiB | 855 ± 20 | - | 0.72 ± 0.1 | 488.05 ± 10 |
Chips-STA-855 | 1184 ± 11 | 1083 ± 6 | 2.78 ± 0.3 | 420.53 ± 5 |
Chips-STA-955 | 1231 ± 10 | 1139 ± 4 | 2.03 ± 0.5 | 449.02 ± 14 |
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Zhai, Y.; Singh, A.P.; Bolzoni, L.; Qu, Y.; Li, Y.; Yang, F. Fabrication and Characterization of In Situ Ti-6Al-4V/TiB Composites by the Hot-Pressing Method using Recycled Metal Chips. Metals 2022, 12, 2038. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/met12122038
Zhai Y, Singh AP, Bolzoni L, Qu Y, Li Y, Yang F. Fabrication and Characterization of In Situ Ti-6Al-4V/TiB Composites by the Hot-Pressing Method using Recycled Metal Chips. Metals. 2022; 12(12):2038. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/met12122038
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhai, Yutao, Ajit Pal Singh, Leandro Bolzoni, Yingdong Qu, Yiming Li, and Fei Yang. 2022. "Fabrication and Characterization of In Situ Ti-6Al-4V/TiB Composites by the Hot-Pressing Method using Recycled Metal Chips" Metals 12, no. 12: 2038. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/met12122038